Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Ezekiel 27:14
They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.
14. house of Togarmah ] Usually supposed to be Armenia or part of it. Togarmah lay in the extreme N. of the world known to the prophet, and the people appears in the army of Gog with other nations from the ends of the earth (ch. Eze 38:6; cf. Gen 10:2). Others think of Phrygia or Cappadocia. All these countries were noted for breeding horses.
traded in thy fairs with horses ] brought as thy wares, or, commodities, horses, &c. Horsemen can hardly have been an article of traffic; if the word be original war horses may be intended; 2Sa 1:6. The ancients did not use the horse for labour. LXX. omits mules, a somewhat similar word, and possibly (as Corn, conjectures) only two words should be read: horses and mules.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Verse 14. Togarmah] The Sarmatians. Some think Cappadocia. With these they dealt in horses, mules, and horsemen; or probably draught horses and war horses are intended.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Of the house; of the country.
Togarmah; Armenia the Lesser, or Phrygia, Galatia, or Cappadocia, or Paphlagonia; all which countries, as they are neighbours to each other, so they abounded in horses; and as they had many for number, so they had good for quality, and furnished their neighbours; it is reported the Cappadocians paid two thousand horses yearly tribute to the Persians. And as they bordered on each other, it is likely they might be reckoned thus together.
Horsemen; it is like with either many horses, or some choice ones, which they sold, they might sell their grooms, as best able to manage and keep those horses.
Mules; the countries above mentioned, especially Cappadocia, had many mules, which they sold to their neighbours.
Mules, which are a mixed creature of a mare and he-ass.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
14. TogarmahArmenia:descended from Gomer (Ge 10:3).Their mountainous region south of the Caucasus was celebrated forhorses.
horsemenrather,”riding-horses,” as distinct from “horses” forchariots [FAIRBAIRN].
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
They of the house of Togarmah,…. The Targum is,
“they of the province or country of Germany.”
Jerom understands it of Phrygia, near to which was Cappadocia; and perhaps is here meant, since it abounded with what these people are said to trade with Tyre in:
these traded in thy fairs with horses, horsemen, and mules; for the Cappadocians paid for their yearly tribute to the Persians fifteen hundred horses, and two thousand mules, as Bochart c from Strabo observes; and as they sold horses and mules to the Tyrians, so likewise horsemen, men that were skilled in riding and taking care of horses; and these were sold along with the horses, as servants for that purpose.
c Phaleg. c. 11. col. 178.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(14) Togarmah.A name for the Armenians, a race of Japhetic descent (Gen. 10:3). They dealt from most ancient times in horses and asses.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
14. Togarmah Most scholars locate it in Armenia, which was noted in the ancient world for its horses and mules. The Armenians are said to call themselves “the house of the Thorgom” (Orelli). Delitzsch, however, thought it to refer to Cappadocia which was called by Armenian writers, Gamir. It furnished soldiers for the army of Gog (Eze 38:6), and was almost certainly an Indo-European race, closely related to the Gimirre, or Kimmerians, a tribe well known to the Assyrians (Gen 10:2).
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
“They of Beth-Togarmah traded for your wares,
With horses and warhorses and mules.”
Beth-Togarmah (Eze 38:6) is connected with the Anatolian/Armenian region. It is possibly the Tegarama of old Assyrian and Hittite texts, the Til-garimmu in the annals of Sargon and Sennacherib, the capital of Kammanu on the border of Tabal.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Eze 27:14. Togarmah-horseshorsemen Or, Cappadociacommon horses,war horses. The men of Dedan, in the next verse, probably means the Arabians.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Eze 27:14 They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.
Ver. 14. They of the house of Togarmah, ] i.e., The Germans, saith the Targum, who are still excellent horsemen. The Jews call the Turks the house of Togarmah.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
house: Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6, for descendants.
Togarmah (Gen 10:3). Probably Armenia,
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Togarmah: Eze 38:6, Gen 10:3, 1Ch 1:6
Reciprocal: 1Ki 10:25 – and mules
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Eze 27:14. Togarmah, like the names in the preceding verse, was the name of a specific man. but who had a host of descendants who formed a group that retained the name of their ancestor. In conjunction with the statements of this verse, I shall cite the statement of Smith’s Bible Dictionary. His [Togarmahs] descendants became a people engaged in agriculture, breeding horses and Mules to be sold in Tyre.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
27:14 They of the house of {h} Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.
(h) Which are taken for a people of Asia minor.
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
The people of Beth-togarmah (Armenia) gave mules and horses, including war horses, for Tyre’s wares. The Dedanites, who lived in Arabia along the Persian Gulf or the Gulf of Aqabah, also traded with Tyre and paid for their merchandise with ivory tusks and ebony. Some translators followed the Septuagint here and replaced Dedan with Rhodes, a Greek Aegean port, because the change only involves repointing the Hebrew word and because Dedan appears again in Eze 27:20.