Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Mark 5:42
And straightway the damsel arose, and walked; for she was [of the age] of twelve years. And they were astonished with a great astonishment.
42. And immediately her spirit came again and she arose straightway (Luk 8:55), and began to walk. There is no struggle, no effort on his part, Who is “ the Resurrection and the Life ” (Joh 11:25); we read of no “crying unto the Lord,” or “stretching himself upon the child three times” as in the case of Elijah at Sarepta (1Ki 17:21); He “lieth not upon the child, or putteth his mouth upon her mouth, and his eyes upon her eyes, and his hands upon her hands” as in the case of Elisha (2Ki 4:34), He speaks but a word and instantly He is obeyed.
a great astonishment ] The word thus rendered denotes sometimes (1) a trance, as in Act 10:10, “but while they made ready, he (St Peter) fell into a trance; ” and Act 22:17, “while I prayed in the temple, I was in a trance,” with which comp. 2 Cor. 12:23 (ii) amazement, awe, as in Luk 5:26, “and amazement seized all;” Mar 16:8, “ trembling and amazement seized them;” Act 3:10, “and they were filled with wonder and amazement.” Here it points to a very extremity of astonishment.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
42. And straightway the damselTheword here is different from that in Mr5:39-41, and signifies “young maiden,” or “littlegirl.”
arose, and walkedavivid touch evidently from an eye-witness.
And they were astonished witha great astonishmentThe language here is the strongest.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And straightway the damsel arose, and walked,…. As soon as ever the above words were pronounced by Christ, such divine power went along with them, that the child returned to life; and raised herself up from the bed, got off of it, and walked about the room in perfect health and strength:
for she was of the age of twelve years; and so, when alive and well, was able to walk; though one of this age was called a little one, as this is by another evangelist; [See comments on Mt 9:18],
and they were astonished with a great astonishment; they were exceedingly amazed at such a signal instance of the power of our Lord, even both the parents of the child, and the disciples of Christ.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Rose up, and walked ( ). Aorist tense (single act) followed by the imperfect ( the walking went on ).
For she was twelve years old ( ). The age mentioned by Mark alone and here as explanation that she was old enough to walk.
Amazed (). We have had this word before in Mt 12:23 and Mr 2:12, which see. Here the word is repeated in the substantive in the associative instrumental case ( ), with a great ecstasy, especially on the part of the parents (Lu 8:56), and no wonder.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
Astonishment [] . Better Rev., amazement, which carries the sense of bewilderment. Ekstasiv, of which the English ecstasy is a transcript, is from ejk, out of, and isthmi, to place or put. Its primitive sense, therefore, is that of removal; hence of a man removed out of his senses. In Biblical Greek it is used in a modified sense, as here, Mr 16:8; Luk 5:26; Act 3:10, of amazement, often coupled with fear. In Act 10:10; Act 11:5; Act 12:17, it is used in the sense of our word ecstasy, and is rendered.
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament
1) ”And straightway the damsel arose, and walked (kai euthus aneste to korasion kai periepatei) ”And instantly the maid rose up and walked around,” out of her coma or sleep of death she obeyed the voice of the giver and sustainer of life, as Lazarus did, Joh 11:42-44.
2) “For she was of the age of twelve years.” (en far eto dodeka) ”Because she was twelve years of age.” Some have supposed that it may have been her mother who had the issue of blood for twelve years, and had been healed earlier that same day, when she touched the Master’s garment, Mar 5:29.
3) “And they were astonished with a great astonishment.” (kai eksestesan euthus ekstasei megale) “And they were immediately or suddenly astonished, with a great astonishment,” as also recounted Mar 1:27; Joh 12:17-19. The astonishment was
1) First, to her parents, Peter, James, and John in the room.
2) Second, to the mourners and friends about the door of the house,
3) Third, to the multitude without, before whom she also walked around, Rev 1:18.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
(42) She was of the age of twelve years.St. Mark gives the age at the end of the narrative, St. Luke at the beginning, St. Matthew not at all; a proof of a certain measure of independence in dealing with the materials upon which the three narratives were severally founded.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
‘And they were immediately filled with great amazement (amazed with a great amazement), and He gave them strict instructions (charged them much) that no man should know this.’
This counters all arguments that Jesus knew that the girl had not really been dead. Jesus did not try to explain to them that really she had not been dead at all. He told them very firmly that no one must be told that He had raised her from the dead. There is not even a hint that He tried to explain otherwise, and Peter was there, so he knew. Jesus did not want the news spreading because he knew what the effects would be. He could not go around restoring everyone who was dead. Had the girl only been healed there would not have been so much cause for their remaining quiet. All knew that He performed healings.
The extreme amazement was to be expected, evidence that they certainly thought the girl was dead. The remainder not so expected, although it fits in with Jesus general attitude elsewhere. He did not want to excite the easily excitable populace.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Mar 5:42-43. And straightway the damsel arose, &c. The damsel was raised, not in the languishing condition of those who come to life after having fainted away; but she was in a state of confirmedgood health, being hungry: this circumstance effectually shewing the greatness and perfection of the miracle, Jesus brought it to pass on purpose in her resurrection. To make the witnesses sensible of it likewise, he ordered some meat to be given her, which she took, probably, in the presence of the company. Her parents seeing her flesh and colour and strength and appetite returned thus suddenly, with her life, were unmeasurably astonished at the miracle; nevertheless, Jesus ordered them to speak nothing of it: but it was known to all the people in the house that the maid was dead; the women who were hired to make lamentation for her, according to the custom of the country, knew it: even the multitude had reason to believe it, after the ruler’s servant came and told him publicly in the street that his daughter was dead: moreover, that she was restored to life again, could not be hid from the domestics, nor from the relations of the family, nor from any having communication with them: wherefore, our Lord’s injunction to tellno man what was done, could not, I think, mean that the parents were to keep the miracle a secret; that was impossible to be done; but they were not officiously to blaze it abroad, nor even to indulge the inclination which they might feel to speak of a matter so astonishing. The reason was, the miracle spake sufficiently for itself: accordingly St. Matthew tells us, that it made a great noise, Mat 9:26. The fame hereof went abroad into all that land: For, as Jesus’s miracles were generally done in public, they could not fail to be much spoken of; wherefore, when the fame of any of them in particular is mentioned, it implies, that the reports concerning it spread far abroad, that the truth of it was inquired into by many; and that, upon inquiry, the reality of the miracle was universally acknowledged. This being the proper meaning of the observation, the Evangelists, by thus openly and frequently appealing to the notoriety of the facts, have given us all the assurance possible of the reality of the miracles which they have recorded.
Inferences drawn from the miracle of raising Jairus’s daughter. How troublesome did the people’s importunities seem to Jairus! He came to sue to Jesus for his dying daughter; the thronging multitude intercepted him; every man is most sensible of his own necessity; there is no straining courtesy, in the challenge of our interest in Christ; there is no incivility in our strife for the greatest share in his presence and benediction.
The only child of this ruler lay dying when he came to solicit Christ’s aid, and died while he solicited. There was hope in her sickness; in her extremity there was fear; in her death, despair and impossibility (as they thought) of help: Thy daughter is dead; trouble not the Master: when we have to do with a mere finite power, this word would be but just. But since thou hast to do with an omnipotent Agent, know, O thou faithless messenger, that death can be no bar to his power: how well would it have be come thee rather to have said, “Thy daughter is dead; but who can tell whether thy God and Saviour will not be gracious to thee, that the child may revive? Cannot he, in whose hands are the issues of death, bring her back again?“
Here was more complaisance than faith; trouble not the Master; infidelity is all for ease, and thinks every good work tedious: that which nature accounts troublesome, is pleasing and delightful to grace. Is it any pain for a hungry man to eat? O Saviour, it was thy meat and drink to do thy Father’s will; and his will was, that thou shouldst bear our griefs, and take away our sorrows: that cannot be thy trouble, which is our happiness, that we may still sue to thee.
The messenger could not so whisper his ill news, but Jesus heard it; Jairus hears what he feared, and was now dejected with such sad tidings: he that resolved not to trouble the Master, meant to take so much more trouble to himself, and would now yield to a hopeless sorrow: he, whose work it is to comfort the afflicted, rouseth up the dejected heart of the pensive father; fear not, believe only, and she shall be made whole. The word was not more cheerful than difficult. Fear not?Who can be insensible of so great an evil? Where death has once seized, who can doubt but he will keep his hold? no less hard was it not to grieve for the loss of an only child, than not to fear the continuance of the cause of that grief.
In a perfect faith there is no fear; by how much more we fear, by so much less we believe: well are these two then united, fear not; believe only. O Saviour, if thou didst not command us somewhat beyond nature, it were no thanks to us to obey thee: while the child was alive, to believe that she might recover was no hard talk; but now that she was fully dead, to believe that she should live again, was a work not easy for Jairus to apprehend, though easy for thee to effect; yet must that be believed, else there is no capacity for so great a mercy. As love, so faith is stronger than death. How much natural impossibility is there in the return of these bodies of ours from the dust of the earth, into which, through many degrees of corruption, they are at the last mouldered. Fear not, O my soul, believe only; it must, it shall be done.
The sum of Jairus’s first suit was for the health, not for the resurrection of his daughter; now that she was dead, he would, if he durst, have been glad to have asked her life:And now, behold, our Saviour bids him expect both her life and her health: Thy daughter shall be made whole; alive from her death, whole from her disease. Thou didst not, O Jairus, thou daredst not ask, so much as thou receivedst. How glad wouldst thou have been, since this last news, to have had thy daughter alive, though weak and sickly: now thou shalt receive her, not living only, but sound and vigorous. Thou dost not, O Saviour, measure thy gifts by our petitions, but by our wants, and thine own mercies.
This work might have been as easily done by an absent command; the power of Christ was there, while himself was away; but he will go personally to the place, that he may be confessed the author of so great a miracle. O Saviour, thou lovest to go to the house of mourning; thy chief pleasure is the comfort of the afflicted; what a confusion there is in worldly sorrow? The mother shrieks; the servants cry out; the people make lamentation; the minstrels howl, and strike dolefully; so that the ear might question whether the ditty or the instrument were more heavy: if ever expressions of sorrow sound well, it is when death leads the choir. Soon does our Saviour charm this noise, and dismiss these unseasonable mourners, whether formal or serious. He had life in his eye, and would have them know, that he considered these formal ceremonies as too early, and long before their time. Give place; for the maid is not dead, but sleepeth. Had she been dead, she had but slept: now she was not dead, but asleep, because he meant that this nap of death should be so short, and her awakening so speedy. Death and sleep are alike to him, who can cast whom he will into the sleep of death, and awaken when and whom he pleaseth out of that deadly sleep.
Before, the people and domestics of Jairus held Jesus for a prophet; now they took him for a dreamer;not dead but asleep?They that came to mourn, cannot now forbear to laugh: “Have we piped at so many funerals, and seen and lamented so many corpses, and cannot we distinguish between sleep and death?The eyes are set,the breath is gone,the limbs are stiff and cold;who ever died, if she do but sleep?”How easily may our reason or sense delude us in divine matters! Those who are competent judges in natural things, are ready to laugh God to scorn, when he speaks beyond their comprehension, and are by him justly laughed to scorn for their unbelief. Vain and faithless men! as if that unlimited power of the Almighty could not make good his own word, and turn either sleep into death, or death into sleep, at pleasure. Ere many minutes,they shall be ashamed of their error and incredulity.
There were witnesses enough of her death; there shall not be many of her restoration, Mar 5:37.The eyes of those incredulous scoffers were not worthy of this honour; our infidelity makes us incapable of the secret favours and the highest counsels of the Almighty.
But art thou, O Saviour, ever discouraged by the decision and censure of these scorners? Because fools ridicule thee, dost thou forbear thy work? It is enough for thee that thine act shall soon honour thee and convince them.He took her by the hand, and called, saying, Maid, arise; and her spirit came again, and she arose straightway.
How could that touch, that call, be otherwise than effectual? He who made that hand, touched it; and he who shall one day say Arise, ye dead, said now, Maid, arise. Death cannot but obey him, who is the Lord of life: the soul is ever equally in his hand, who is the God of spirits; it cannot but go and come at his command. When he says, Maid, arise, the now unloosened spirit knows its office, its place, and instantly resumes that room which by his appointment or permission it had left.
O Saviour! if thou do but bid my soul to arise from the death of sin, it cannot lie still: if thou bid my body to arise from the grave, my soul cannot but glance down from her heaven, and animate it.
The maid revives;not now to languish for a time upon her sick bed, and by some faint degrees to gather an insensible strength; but at once she arises from her death and from her couch; at once she puts off her fever with her dissolution; she finds her life and her feet at once; at once she finds her feet and stomach: He commanded to give her meat.
Omnipotence, when it steps forth in an extraordinary way, does not use to go the pace of nature: all God’s immediate works are like himself, perfect. He that raised the damsel supernaturally, could have so fed her; but it was never the purpose of his power to set aside the use of proper and ordinary means.
REFLECTIONS.1st, What a miserable creature is man, when left to the power of the devil! What a mercy that Jesus is come to destroy the works of the devil, and to take the prey from the mighty. An eminent instance of this we have in the present chapter:
1. The wretched case of a poor demoniac, driven by an unclean spirit to dwell among the tombs; a terror to himself, and to all who approached him; so raging, that none could soothe him; so strong, that no fetters could bind him. Though it had been often attempted, he broke the bands in sunder, and fled; living in the mountains and in the tombs; uttering horrid yellings, and cutting himself with sharp stones, till the blood gushed out. Note; We have here a lively emblem of the natural man; his mind and conscience are defiled; his passions drive him furiously on, and will be restrained by no fetters of God’s law: under the power of Satan he is hurried to the excess of riot, madly wounding his own soul by sin, and dangerous to all around him; insensible to every fearful consequence, and wilful in disobedience.
2. No sooner was Jesus disembarked, than the man in whom the devil was, ran and worshipped him; the wicked spirit being awed by his presence, or his power being now suspended. St. Matthew says that there were two; perhaps St. Mark mentions one only, as being the more fierce; and to him the Lord directed his discourse.
3. On beholding so pitiable an object, Jesus bid the unclean spirit depart; but his expostulation or intreaty did not prevail: though in the greatest dread and horror the devil addressed him, acknowledging his divine power and glory; importunately begging, since he could have no interest in him, that he might have nothing to do with him; and that he would not send him into the place of torment, and compel him to retire from the world to the prison of hell before the day of final judgment. Note; (1.) The confession of the devil was orthodox; but it is not a form of sound words, but the work of the Holy Ghost upon the heart, which can avail to our salvation. (2.) When Christ visits our souls, he casts out the unclean spirit, gives a new heart, and puts a right spirit within us.
4. To shew his own power over the fiends of darkness, Christ demanded the name of this evil spirit, and was answered; My name is Legion, for we are many. A legion of Roman soldiers did at this time consist of at least six thousand: this intimates the immense numbers of those fallen spirits which war against the souls of men; their vast power, regular order, and unanimity: what need then have we, who wrestle with these principalities and powers, to put on the whole armour of God, and to be continually looking up for the strength of our God, that we may be able to stand in the evil day!
5. Since they must quit their present hold, the devils earnestly besought him not to expel them from that heathen country, if he dispossessed them from Judaea. And there being a herd of swine feeding near the place, they desired permission to enter those unclean animals; hoping, by destroying them, to prejudice the people against Jesus, and to gratify their own delight in mischief: and for wise and just reasons Christ permitted their request; when instantly the devils seized the whole herd, about two thousand; and, filling them with madness, hurried them down a precipice into the lake, where they perished in the waters.
6. The keepers, who fled affrighted, spread through all the country the amazing account of the cure of the demoniac, and the destruction of the swine. On which a vast concourse of people assembled to see this strange sight; and, to their great surprise, found the man who had been possessed, and a terror to the country, now peaceably sitting at the feet of Jesus, clothed, and in the perfect exercise of his reason; and they who had been eye-witnesses of the curse, reported all the circumstances concerning the recovery of the man, and the destruction of the swine. Hereupon afraid lest Jesus should punish them yet more condignly if he continued there, and concerned more for their temporal than eternal interests, they intreated him to depart out of the country. And since they thus sinned against their own mercies, Jesus abandons them to the delusions which they had chosen.
7. Though his countrymen rejected Christ, the poor man who was cured, would fain have followed him; but Jesus bid him rather return, and bear testimony to the miracle of grace that he had experienced, and awaken thereby the concern of his friends to seek after the Lord who had done so great things for him. Accordingly the man obeyed his command; and, transported with gratitude, published every where in that country what Jesus had done for him, to the great astonishment of all who heard him. Note; (1.) They who know the blessing of Christ’s presence, long to be ever near him, and cannot but lament if their lot be cast among the tents of Kedar, where his gospel has no place. (2.) They who are restored by Jesus to their right mind, from that moment begin to live to his glory, and to speak his praises. (3.) What the Lord does for the sinful soul are great things indeed, for which we can never enough adore and thank him.
2nd, Since the Gadarenes rejected him, Christ crosses the lake to Capernaum, where he expected a more welcome reception. Hereupon,
1. A ruler of the synagogue, with deepest respect, made his application to him, in behalf of his little daughter, who lay dying when he came out from his house, and was even then dead when he addressed our Lord. Note; The state of the sinner, dead in trespasses and sins, may be to human view irrecoverably desperate; but nothing is impossible with God.
2. As Jesus went with the ruler, a poor diseased woman stole a cure. Her malady discouraged her from making an open application to Jesus, and her faith persuaded her that it was needless; the very touch of his garments being, in her apprehension, sufficient for her recovery; even though her disorder had baffled the physicians’ skill, and under their hands her little pittance had been wholly expended, and her complaints aggravated. Nor was she mistaken; for no sooner had she through the crowd got near enough to touch his garment, than immediately on so doing her disease was removed, she felt her health perfectly restored, and was retiring with wonder and thankfulness. But Jesus, who perceived the virtue which had gone out of him, for the manifestation of his own glory, and the confirmation of the poor patient’s faith, turning himself, demanded who touched him? which the disciples answered with a kind of surprise and rudeness, as if, considering the crowd, such a question was very strange. But Jesus, overlooking their frowardness, and casting his eyes round to discover the person he meant, the poor woman, conscious of what had passed, and trembling lest the Lord should be displeased at the manner in which she had surreptitiously obtained her cure, came and fell at his feet, declaring the whole. Whereupon, far from being angry, Jesus encouraged and comforted her, making honourable mention of her faith; and dismissed her not only with a cure, but with his peace and benediction, which was infinitely better. Note; (1.) All our spiritual diseases can only be removed by the touch of faith; till virtue come out of Christ, we can have no health in ourselves. (2.) Where he works, an universal blessed change appears in all the tempers of the mind, and in the whole outward conduct and conversation. (3.) When we are discouraged with fear, we should lay our burdens at the feet of Jesus, and he will speak peace to our troubled souls.
3rdly, A discouraging message met the afflicted Jairus as Jesus was on the way with him. Tidings were brought that his daughter was dead, and his friends concluded that it was in vain to trouble Christ any farther; supposing that, though he cured the sick, to raise the dead was beyond his power. But,
1. Our Lord encourages the distressed parent, bids him not to give way to despondence, but only believe, and he should still see that death, as well as disease, was under his controul. Note; Faith is the great preservative from all our fears: when those who are nearest and dearest to us in Christ are removed, we have a ground of abiding consolation, that we shall meet them at the resurrection of the just.
2. When he came to the house, he suffered none to enter with him but Peter, James, and John, enough to be witnesses of the miracle, with the father and mother of the child: and rebuking the excessive lamentations of those who were within, he assured them that there was no real cause for them, as the damsel was not irrecoverable, as they apprehended; but though in the arms of death he would awake her. But they, fully assured of her death, treated with derision this suggestion. Unworthy, therefore, to be witnesses of his wondrous power and grace, he put them all out, and permitting only his three disciples, and the parents of the damsel, to be with him, he went in where the child lay, took her by the hand, and, bid her rise; when instantly her spirit returned, she arose, being about twelve years old, and, to the exceeding amazement of her parents, walked about in perfect health; and to shew that she still retained her former animal life, and that her appetite was restored with her health, he bade them give her something to eat. Note; When Christ gives spiritual life, it must be daily fed in the use of those means of grace, whereby he continues to minister strength and nourishment to the soul.
3. He gives them all a strict charge not to divulge this miracle. He knew how his growing fame would exasperate his enemies; and as his hour was not yet come, he used every prudent means to preserve his life, till he had finished the work which was given him to do.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
42 And straightway the damsel arose, and walked; for she was of the age of twelve years. And they were astonished with a great astonishment.
Ver. 42. They were astonished with a great astonishment ] Gr. . With an ecstasy of admiration: they were even carried out of themselves, vix sui compotes.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
42.] ., peculiar to Mark.
The whole account is probably derived from the testimony of Peter, who was present. The is added, as Bengel, to shew that she “rediit ad statum tati congruentem.”
Mar 5:43 betokens an eye-witness, who relates what passed within . Matt. says nothing of this, but tells what took place without , viz. the spreading abroad of the report. Notice in the last words, that her further recovery of strength is left to natural causes.
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
Mar 5:42 . , etc.: the diminutive might suggest the idea of a mere child, therefore, after stating that she walked about , it is added that she was twelve years old . In Mk. only.
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
walked = began walking.
astonished. astonishment. Figure of speech Polyptoton (App-6), for emphasis. See Gen 26:28. Greek. existemi = to be put out [of one’s mind], Noun, ekstasis; hence, Eng. ecstasy = entrancement, implying bewilderment. See Mar 16:8. Luk 5:26, Act 3:10. Used of a trance, Act 10:10; Act 11:5; Act 22:17. Hence, Eng. entrancement.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
42.] ., peculiar to Mark.
The whole account is probably derived from the testimony of Peter, who was present. The is added, as Bengel, to shew that she rediit ad statum tati congruentem.
Mar 5:43 betokens an eye-witness, who relates what passed within. Matt. says nothing of this, but tells what took place without, viz. the spreading abroad of the report. Notice in the last words, that her further recovery of strength is left to natural causes.
Fuente: The Greek Testament
Mar 5:42. , straightway) It was not by degrees that at last she regained her consciousness.-, for) She returned to the state consonant to her age.-, twelve) comp. Mar 5:25. It was at one and the same time the woman was healed [of the issue of twelve years standing] and the girl [of twelve years] was raised to life; the one having begun life at the same time that the other had begun her misery.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
Mar 1:27, Mar 4:41, Mar 6:51, Mar 7:37, Act 3:10-13
Reciprocal: Isa 52:14 – many Luk 8:56 – he charged Joh 5:9 – immediately Act 9:40 – she opened
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
2
The girl was twelve years old and hence was able naturally to walk after her illness was gone. The astonishment was caused by the fact that a dead person had been brought back to life.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Mar 5:42. Straightway the damsel arose. Luke, the physician, speaks of her spirit returning.
And walked. Peculiar to Mark, and an incident which would be impressed upon an eye-witness.
For she was twelve years old. Before her death she was old enough to walk and was now restored just as before. Up to this point there was nothing to indicate that she was other than an infant. Luke mentions her age much earlier in his narrative, while Matthew omits it altogether. It is impossible to believe that these three Evangelists copied from each other, or from a common source, in regard to this occurrence. The attempt to differ and agree in this way would be either altogether unsuccessful or cost more than it was worth.
Amazed. A stronger word than that usually translated astonished.
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
When Jesus restored life, recovery was instantaneous (Gr. euthys, twice in this verse), not gradual, as was also true with former prophets (cf. 1Ki 17:19-20; 2Ki 4:33). Perhaps Mark mentioned the girl’s age because she was 12 and the woman whom Jesus had just healed had suffered with her affliction for 12 years (Mar 5:25). The woman had begun living when she should have died from her incurable condition. The girl had died just when she should have begun living as a young woman. Jesus could and did deliver from both deaths. Everyone present expressed extreme amazement at Jesus’ power. The Greek word, from existemi, literally means they were "out of their minds with great amazement." [Note: Grassmick, p. 126.]