Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Luke 2:6
And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.
6. the days were accomplished ] There is a reasonable certainty that our Lord was born b. c. 4 of our era, and it is probable that He was born (according to the unanimous tradition of the Christian Church) in winter. There is nothing to guide us as to the actual day of His birth. It was unknown to the ancient Christians (Clem. Alex. Strom. i. 21), Some thought that it took place on May 20 or April 20. There is no trace of the date Dec. 25 earlier than the fourth century, but it is accepted by Athanasius, Jerome, Ambrose, &c.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Luk 2:6
The days were accomplished
The birth of Christ
The whole of the worlds history led up to this night.
It is the hinge on which the history of man turns. The whole of mankind from Adam waited for this night. All the prophets, from righteous Enoch to John the preacher of repentance, laboured to prepare the way for Him who came on this night. The Word was made flesh to sanctity human nature. God descended to man, to raise man to God. Christmas is the feast of salvation for all mankind. The heathen were at this time celebrating their Saturnalia, in remembrance of the Golden Age, which indeed had never been since sin was in the world, an age when, they said, all the world was full of light, and joy, and innocence. But these were times for ever gone by, times from which every century was removing them further morally, as well as actually. Yet, see! how Christmas comes to turn the vain and wistful backward look into a look forwards. The evening and the morning form the day according to the Divine reckoning, not the morning and the evening. First comes darkness, and then light; first sadness, then joy; first desire, then fulfilment. Christ came to bid the old heathens turn away from contemplation of the past, and through Him look to the coming of the true Golden Age, the age when, from the new heavens and the new earth, sin and sighing shall have fled; when He, who is the Wonderful, the Counsellor, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace, shall reign in righteousness, and of His kingdom there shall be no end. Christ has not, indeed, founded on earth the Golden Age such as the Gentiles lusted after, any more than He came to be the Messiah such as the Jews longed for; He did not come to give peace to the world itself, but an inner peace, a peace that is hid with Christ in God–not such as the world giveth–a peace which cannot be broken and taken away, a peace to be won through conflict and storm and anguish. He came not to give earthly riches and prosperity, but the true riches, which are spiritual: The Incarnation has made that possible which before was impossible. The heathen looked back to the reign of Peace and Innocence and Plenty as something past and unattainable. Christ shows it as future, and opens the kingdom of the Golden Age to all. Earth and heaven are united. Man is made a citizen of Heaven, a member of the Golden Kingdom that is preparing and awaiting its manifestation. On earth man is subject to temptation, with the world ever striving to stamp out and destroy the spiritual kingdom, as Herod, its type, sought to destroy the infant Messiah; on earth, but not of it, man waits and prepares himself, and prays, Thy kingdom come, knowing that the manifestation of the sons of God in the coming Golden Age cannot be till Gods will is done by His subjects on earth as it is done by the denizens of heaven. At the heathen Saturnalia all distinction between slave and master was done away, to return into full force when the feast was over. Christmas shows us Him who is very God made the servant of all, taking on Him the form of a servant, made in the likeness of flesh, that He might redeem men from slavery, and set them free in the glorious liberty of childhood to God. And as on this day the birth of the visible sun was kept, because the days have been shortening, and now appear to lengthen again, Christ calls the Gentiles to look away from the sun that rules the day to Himself, who is the true Light of the world, the Sun of Righteousness, rising with healing on His wings, who comes with promise of a day eternal, in which there will be no created sun or moon, or humanly-made candle, but the Lord God will be the light, and there shall be no night more. (S. Baring-Gould, M. A.)
The joy of Christmas
Christmas Day is characteristically different from other festivals, such as Easter or Whitsunday. It has a softer, tenderer, more domestic interest about it. It falls in with other feelings, and blends with some of the closest and dearest associations of family life. A first-born child in common life–born, it may be, after a season of gloom and distress; an heir, it may be, of a throne, or born in the humblest life, what is a first-born child but the sweet and happy embodiment of hope and promise, of happy days, of daily developing delight, of good and noble manhood? So it is in our common everyday life; and those who do not know it of their own, know it well for their friends, how deeply, thankfully sinks into the heart of man the delight of a newborn, a first-born child. So, I say, of common life and ordinary families. But this day saw the birth, not of the first-born of ordinary human parents, but of the Child of heaven and earth, the Child of God and man, the Child for whom both heaven and earth were waiting in anxious expectation of redemption and restitution, the Child of hopes unspeakable-hopes that could not be frustrated to those who would hold them fast; the Heir of heaven, the Heir of earth, the Heir in whose inheritance all men might regain the inheritance of their Fathers kingdom Then let us keep this holy day with peaceful, happy, Christian thankfulness. Let it be a day of sober joy, of outpouring charity, of mutual Christian love, of deepminded peace. It is a day of family concord; a day for special parental love, and special filial duty and obedience; a day on which the internal affection of families should be warmest and brightest; a day that should know of no bickerings or irritations between those of the same household, brothers and sisters, fellow-servants, and all others. It is a day for neighbourly kindness, mutual forgiveness, interchange of all friendly offices. It is a day which, opening our hearts in grateful love to God, should open them also in brotherly kindness to one another, and help us all on towards that blessed goal which we all hope to reach, and which none will reach so surely as those who are doing their best to enable others to reach it also. (Bishop Moberly.)
The greatest event on the smallest of scales
And in speaking of the greatness of the event of Christmas Day, let us observe further one peculiarity of its outward circumstances that conveys to us a special lesson concerning greatness of all kinds. This decisive world-historical birthday took place in a small inn of a small village of a small province of a small nation. It was the greatest of events on the smallest of scales. There are some who think that all events and characters are to be measured by the magnitude of the stage on which they appear; there are some who are perplexed by the thought that this globe, on which the history of man is enacted, is now known to be a mere speck in the universe: there are some who are startled on learning for the first time that the heathen world far outnumbers the Christian, and that the famous Indian teacher, Buddha, counts myriads more worshippers than Christ. But the moment we go below the surface we find that the truth conveyed to us by the birth of the worlds Redeemer in the little village of Bethlehem is the likeness of a principle which ramifies far and wide. It was once said to me by a distinguished American, The truth which needs especially to be impressed upon us Americans is that bigness is not greatness. It was a truth which a well-known English philosopher had already impressed upon his American audience with a courage which they were honest enough to appreciate. The fact is that the great nations of the world have almost always been amongst the smallest in size. Europe is diminutive compared with any of the other continents, and yet Europe is certainly the seat and centre of the worlds history. Athens in its greatest days was as nothing compared with Babylon and Nineveh, and yet Athens was the eye of the worlds civilization. Palestine was not nearly half the size even of our own little island, and yet Palestine is the cradle of the worlds religion. (Dean Stanley.)
On the most striking circumstances that distinguished the birth of the Redeemer
I. HIS IMMACULATE AND MYSTERIOUS CONCEPTION. Ancient mythology teems with instances of a fictitious correspondence between Divine and human kind. In that credulous age, whoever had the good fortune to excel his competitors in wisdom, arts, or arms, boasted an alliance with heaven. Even the best among them did not scruple to blast maternal honour for the sake of this imaginary distinction. But, fantastical as it was in them, it is an evidence to us, that the idea was then sufficiently popular to warrant and protect the fact from implicit reprobation when it happened. Indeed the various impostures of this kind, which mark the annals of paganism, most probably resulted from some of the earliest predictions of the Messiahs birth, which might be propagated among the heathen by tradition, as it was preserved among the Jews by Scripture.
II. The era of Christs nativity, interesting as it was to the children of men, was NOT ANNOUNCED BY ANY OF THOSE FULSOME FORMS OF OSTENTATIOUS SPLENDOUR WHICH MARK THE BIRTH OF THE GREAT. His kingdom was not of this world, and He deigned not to borrow its rites. But His insignia are stamped in the heavens (Mat 2:2). Angels announced His advent with strains of highest rapture.
III. THE WORLD WAS LITTLE AFFECTED by this event so essential to its welfare. This, perhaps, is the most extraordinary circumstance of all, that dignified and distinguished that occasion. Those already specified were evidently adapted by Providence to assert the importance, and attest the truth of His character. But what shall we say of the meanness, the ignominy, the contempt to which the Son of God condescended in taking upon Him the form of a man? The gospel accounts sufficiently for this. It is intended to suppress the arrogant, and elevate all the milder sensibilities of the heart. Christ came to inculcate the principles of virtue and religious wisdom; not to swell the passions, or stimulate the wishes of ambition, but to refine fallen and degraded human nature; not to pamper the appetites of men, but to wean them from the sensual and temporary enjoyments of this life, by those of a rational, spiritual, and immortal kind. It was, indeed, one capital object of this Divine embassy, to set the insignificance of those things which dazzle our senses, and mislead our hearts, in the strongest and most affecting point of view. And how could He do it more effectually than by the poverty and abjection in which He made His appearance and progress through life? The most likely means of detaching His disciples from the world, was giving them in this manner an example of living above it. They cannot consistently be covetous of distinctions, which are so uniformly despised by their Master. CONCLUSION: Do not imagine that this festival requires no preparation of you. Let one and all prepare the way of the Lord, and make straight His paths. Come, ye miserable sinners, laden with the insupportable burden of your sins; come, ye troubled consciences, uneasy at the remembrance of your many idle words, many criminal thoughts, many abominable actions; come, ye poor mortals, condemned first to bear the infirmities of nature, the caprices of society, the vicissitudes of age, the turns of fortune, and then the horrors of death, and the frightful night of the tomb; come, behold the Wonderful, the Counsellor, the Mighty God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace; take Him into your arms, learn to desire nothing more when you possess Him. (B. Murphy.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
6. while they were there, the dayswere accomplished that she should be deliveredMary had up tothis time been living at the wrong place for Messiah’s birth. Alittle longer stay at Nazareth, and the prophecy would have failed.But lo! with no intention certainly on her part, much less of CsarAugustus, to fulfil the prophecy, she is brought from Nazareth toBethlehem, and at that nick of time her period arrives, and her Babeis born (Ps 118:23). “Everycreature walks blindfold; only He that dwells in light knows whetherthey go” [BISHOPHALL].
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And so it was, that while they were there,…. At Bethlehem, waiting to be called and enrolled in their turn;
the days were accomplished that she should be delivered; her reckoning was up, the nine months of her going with child were ended, and her full time to bring forth was come.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
That she should be delivered ( ).
For the bearing the child as to her . A neat use of the articular infinitive, second aorist active, with the accusative of general reference. From , common verb.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
1) “And so it was,” (egeneto de) “Then it occurred.”
2) “That while they were there,” (en to einai autous okei) “That while they were there,” in Bethlehem, the city of David, where Jesus was to be born, Luk 2:4; Mic 5:2.
4) “That she should be delivered.” (tou tekein auten) “That she should bear or give birth,” to the promised virgin-born son, long awaited in Israel, and by Joseph and Mary, Isa 7:14; Mat 1:18-25; Luk 1:26-35; Gen 3:15; Gal 4:4-5.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
6. They were there In Bethlehem, where the royal David was born and had spent his boyhood, these two descendants of his regal lineage have now arrived. But though their family register attests their birth, they are too poor to obtain not merely a palace but an inn.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
‘And at about that while they were there, the days were fulfilled that she should be delivered, and she brought forth her firstborn son.’
And it was while they were in Bethlehem, possibly at the family home, that the time came for the baby to be born (it is not said that it happened immediately on their arrival, nor is that the impression given). Note that He is described as her firstborn son. This may be emphasising the fulfilment of the promise, as promised to her, or it may be hinting at the fact that Joseph had had no part in His conception.
They were there because of Quirinius ‘first’ great act of establishing his, and Rome’s, authority. Here is an example where in the sovereignty of God the Roman Empire was unwittingly used in order to bring about the fulfilment of prophecy. Rome saw itself as by this act making clear its supremacy, but through the ‘firstborn’ son of the line of David God was also, unseen by the world, establishing His authority in the very house of David, and revealing His supremacy by bending Rome to His will. The ‘first’ of Quirinius was paralleled by the ‘first’ of God. We should note here that as a result of His adoption by Joseph, who would acknowledge Him as his firstborn in the Temple, He would in Jewish eyes be seen as Joseph’s main heir.
In view of the great heralding of His coming in chapter 1, and indeed of Whom Luke knew Him to be, the restraint of this account is quite remarkable. It suggests that he stuck firmly to the tradition which he received from eyewitnesses, and wanted it to be quite clear that He was born as a true man without any frills. (No inventor would have put it so simply).
‘The days were fulfilled that she should be delivered.’ Compare Gen 25:24; Luk 1:57. God was seen as the One Who fulfilled the days. Note that it happened ‘while they were there’. But they actually remained in Bethlehem for some considerable time. So the birth may not have taken place until some time after their arrival. There is actually no reason at all for thinking that it happened on the first night.
‘Firstborn son.’ Had Luke wished to stress that this was her only son he could have used monogenes. Thus it would appear that at the least he did not see the question as important, and at the most knew that she later had other children. This last suggestion is supported by the fact that in Mat 1:25 we read literally, ‘and Joseph was not ‘knowing’ her until she had brought forth a son’, with the thought being that after that he was ‘knowing’ her. This ties in, of course, with the fact that all the Gospels speak of her other sons, and even name them (Luk 8:19-21; Mat 12:46; Mat 13:55; Mar 3:31; Mar 6:3). The myth of a perpetual virgin has no place in Luke’s Gospel.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
The birth of the Savior:
v. 6 And so it was that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.
v. 7. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped Himin swaddling-clothes, and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. The infinite simplicity of Luke’s account of the great miracle of the. incarnation is worthy of special notice, since it serves to sustain the fact of the inspiration of the story. If he had written as an ordinary human author would, he would probably have been carried away by the indescribable glory of the miracle and declaimed in exulting rhapsodies of the event; which stands in the center of the history of the world. It happened, it came about, Luke merely states. And yet, the entire Old Testament stands behind these words; it represented the grand fulfillment of the wish and desire of thousands of believers of the ancient world, not only in Judea, but wherever the prophecies of old had become known. While they were there in Bethlehem, to which town God had directed their steps in such a singular way, it came about that the days of Mary, according to the course of nature, were fulfilled. The Son that had been promised “by the angel was born. Mary herself took the Wonder-child and gave Him the first care. By reason of her poverty and on account of the absence from home she was not provided with the necessary clothing. So she wrapped Him in such scraps of clothing as were available and made a bed for Him in a manger, out in the stable, to which they had retired, since there was no room for them in the inn, in the great enclosure which was used as a place for lodging in Oriental towns. According to many commentators, the place where Christ was born was one of the caves or grottoes at Bethlehem, some of which are used for such purposes to the present time. “Some also dispute as to the manner of the birth, that Mary brought Him forth during a prayer, in great joy, before she was aware of it, without all pain. Whose devotion I do not reject, since it may have been invented for the sake of the simple Christians. But we should adhere to the gospel, which states that she bore Him, and to the article of our faith, where we confess: He was born of Mary, the virgin. There is no fraud here, but, as the words say, a true birth. When they came to Bethlehem, the evangelist shows how they were the. lowliest and the most despised; they were obliged to yield to everyone, until they, shown into a stable, had a common inn, a common table, a common room, and a common bed with the beasts. In the meantime many an evil person occupied the place of honor in the inn, and permitted himself to be honored as a lord. There no one perceives or knows what God performs in the stable. Oh, what a dark night was over Bethlehem then, that the city knew nothing of the Light! How strongly God indicates that He does not regard what the world is, has, and does; and again, the world proves how thoroughly she does not understand nor realize what God is, has, and does. ” Note also: The God-man, who here lies before us as the firstborn Son of Mary, is at the same time the absolute miracle and the most inestimable benefit; God and man, the old and new covenants, heaven and earth, meet in a poor manger. He that, either secretly or openly, denies this truth can never understand the significance of the Christmas festival perhaps never experience the true Christmas joy. Also: The lowly birth of the Savior of the world coincides exactly with the nature of His kingdom. The origin of the Kingdom was not of earth; one of its fundamental laws was to deny self and for love to serve others; its end, to become great through abasement, and to triumph by conflict: all this is here exhibited before our eyes.
Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann
Luk 2:6 f. ] comp. Luk 1:57 . The supposition (see as early as Protevang. Jac. 17) that Mary was surprised by the pains of labour on the way , is set aside by the . And probably she had hoped to be able to finish the journey before her delivery. “Non videtur scisse, se vi prophetiae (Mic 5:2 ) debere Bethlehemi parere, sed providentia coelestis omnia gubernavit, ut ita fieret,” Bengel.
That Mary was delivered without pain and injury is proved by Fathers and expositors, such as even Maldonatus and Estius, from the fact that she herself swaddled the child and laid it in the manger!
] See on Mat 1:25 . The evasive suggestion resorted to, that this word is used without reference to later born children, appears the more groundless in view of the agreement of Matthew and Luke.
.] She swaddled him; frequently used in Greek writers.
] without the article (see the critical remarks): she deposited him in a manger . Many, including Paulus and Kuinoel, have, contrary to linguistic usage, made of it a stable . [48] See, on the other hand, Gersdorf, p. 221; Bornemann, Schol. p. 18.
] in the inn (Luk 10:34 ), where they lodged probably on account of the number of strangers who were present on the same occasion. If we should wish to understand it as: the house of a friendly host (for the signification of is generally a place of shelter, lodging , comp. Luk 22:11 ), it would remain improbable that a friendly host , even with ever so great restriction of room, should not have made a chamber in the house available for such an exigency. The text suggests nothing indicative of an inhospitable treatment (Calvin).
[48] That a stable (in opposition to Ebrard) was the place of the birth, follows from , . . . It is possible that the stable was a rock-cave , which an old legend (Justin, c. Tryph. 78; Orig. c. Cels. i. 51; Protevang. Jac. 18) designates as the place of the birth, not without suspicion, however, by reason of its appeal to Isa 33:16 , LXX. Moreover, that tradition transfers the cave expressly only to the neighbourhood of the little town, and states withal of Joseph: , Justin, l.c. Over this grotto designated by the legend Helena built the church Mariae de praesepio . Comp. also Robinson, Psa 11Psa 11 . p. 284 ff.; Ritter, Erdk. XVI. p. 292 ff.
Fuente: Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer’s New Testament Commentary
6 And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.
Ver. 6. The days were accomplished ] Her delivery might well be hastened, or at least facilitated, by her long journey; for it was no less than four days’ journey from Nazareth to Bethlehem. Some say she was gravida, but not gravata; great-bellied, but not unwieldy: Lumen enim quod in se habebat, pondus habere non poterat, saith Augustine; but I am not bound to believe him.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Luk 2:6-7 . The birth . ., as in Luk 1:57 . In this case, as in that of John, the natural course was run. (here and Luk 2:12 ), : the narrative runs as if Mary did these things herself, whence the patristic inference of painless birth. , in a manger (in a stall, Grotius, et al. ). , in the inn, not probably a (Luk 10:34 ), with a host, but simply a khan , an enclosure with open recesses. The meaning may be, not that there was absolutely no room for Joseph and Mary there, but that the place was too crowded for a birth , and that therefore they retired to a stall or cave, where there was room for the mother, and a crib for the babe ( vide ch. Luk 22:11 ).
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
so it was = it came to pass; as in Luk 2:1.
while = in (Greek. en. App-104.) the time.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Luk 2:6. , there) Mary does not seem to have known that, according to the meaning of the prophecy, she must bring forth at Bethlehem: but a heavenly Providence guided all things, that it should be so brought to pass.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
am 4000, bc 4
so: Psa 33:11, Pro 19:21, Mic 5:2
the days: Luk 1:57, Rev 12:1-5
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
6
While they were there. Many of the Lord’s plans seem to have been done just “as occasion suggested.” They may look that way to man, but God knows all about the future and can regulate it as He sees fit. It had been determined that Jesus was to be born in Bethlehem and the prophets predicted the same ( Mic 5:2; Psa 132:6). The Lord foresaw this edict of Caesar and planned the conditions with Joseph and Mary to coincide with it for the birth of the royal babe.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Luk 2:6. While they were there. Apocryphal legends tell how she was overtaken on the way, and sought refuge in a cave. They seem to have arrived in Bethlehem, and sought shelter in vain, before the time spoken of here.
Delivered, or, bring forth, as the same word is translated in Luk 2:7.
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
Luk 2:6-7. And while they were there, the days were accomplished, &c. Whatever views Mary might have in going up to Bethlehem, her going there was doubtless by the direction of Divine Providence, in order that the Messiah might be born in that city, agreeably to the prophecy of Mic 5:2. And she brought forth her firstborn son , her son, the firstborn; that excellent and glorious person, who was the firstborn of every creature, and the heir of all things. See note on Mat 1:25. And wrapped him in swaddling-clothes By her doing this herself, it is thought her labour was without the usual pangs of childbearing. And laid him in a manger Though the word , here used, sometimes signifies a stall, yet it is certain it more frequently signifies a manger, and certainly the manger was the most proper part of the stall in which the infant could be laid. As to the notion of Bishop Pearce, that not a manger is here meant, but a bag of coarse cloth, like those out of which the horses of our troopers are fed when encamped; and that this bag was fastened to the wall, or some other part, not of a stable, but of the guest- chamber, or room for the reception of strangers, where Joseph and Mary were lodged; this odd notion is amply confuted by Dr. Campbell in a very long note on this passage. Tradition informs us that the stable, in which the holy family was lodged, was, according to the custom of the country, hollowed out of a rock, and consequently the coldness of it, at least by night, must have greatly added to its other inconveniences. Because there was no room for them in the inn The concourse of people at Bethlehem being very great on this occasion. It seems there was but one principal inn at Bethlehem, now but a small village, and that when Joseph came thither it was full, so that he and Mary were obliged to lodge in a stable, fitted up as a receptacle for poor travellers, in which they, and the animals that brought them, were meanly accommodated under the same roof. Now also there is seldom room for Christ in an inn. It will not be improper to observe, on this humiliating circumstance of our Lords birth in a stable, how, through the whole course of his life, he despised the things most esteemed by men. For though he was the Son of God, when he became man he chose to be born of parents in the meanest condition of life. Though he was heir of all things, he chose to be born in an inn, nay, in the stable of an inn, where, instead of a cradle, he was laid in a manger. The angels reported the good news of his birth, not to the rabbis and great men, but to shepherds, who, being plain honest people, were unquestionably good witnesses of what they heard and saw. When he grew up he wrought with his father as a carpenter. And afterward, while he executed the duties of his ministry, he was so poor that he had not a place where to lay his head, but lived on the bounty of his friends. Thus, by going before men in the thorny path of poverty and affliction, he has taught them to be contented with their lot in this life, however humble it may be.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Normally mothers wrapped their newborn babies in wide strips of cloth to keep them warm (cf. Eze 16:4). [Note: Liefeld, p. 846.] Traditionally Christians have believed that the manger or feeding trough in which Mary laid the baby Jesus was in a cave. [Note: Justin Martyr, Trypho, 78:4; Origen, Contra Celsum, 1:15.] However most homes in Israel had two parts, one for the family and another for the household animals. It is possible that this was the location of the manger. An inn (Gr. katalyma) could have been a guest room in a house (cf. Luk 22:11-12) or any place of lodging. This Greek word has a wider range of meanings than pandocheion, which refers specifically to an inn for travelers (cf. Luk 10:34).
The innkeeper has become a villain figure in the Christmas story, but Luke did not present him as such. The writer’s contrast was between the royal birthplace that this Son of David deserved and the humble one He received. His exclusion from human society anticipated the rejection that He would continue to experience throughout His ministry.
We may never know the exact day of Jesus’ birth until we get to heaven. However, a day in late December or early January is likely. The traditional date of December 25 goes back at least as far as Hippolytus (ca. A.D. 165-235). [Note: Hippolytus, Commentary on Daniel , 4:23:3. See also Jack Finegan, Handbook of Biblical Chronology, p. 248.] Probably Jesus was born in the winter of 5-4 B.C. [Note: Hoehner, pp. 11-27.]