Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Acts 5:32
And we are his witnesses of these things; and [so is] also the Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him.
32. And we are his witnesses of these things ] The best texts omit his, while some ancient authorities add in him in place of his.
these things ] i.e. the Crucifixion and the Resurrection and Ascension.
and so is also the Holy Ghost ] Also is not found in the best MSS. Christ had said, while alive, concerning the Holy Ghost, “He shall testify of me” (Joh 15:26). This He did in the minds of the Apostles by “bringing all things to their remembrance,” and enlightening them to see how Christ’s life had fulfilled the prophecies, and also in the mighty powers which through the outpouring of the Spirit they now possessed.
whom God hath given to them that obey him ] Thus the disciples declare that the obedience to God, which at the outset ( Act 5:29) they had proclaimed as their bounden duty, was also the reason why the Holy Ghost had been bestowed upon them, and leaving it to be gathered that what God has done He will do again, and bestow His gifts of grace on those who are willing to obey Him.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
And we are his witnesses – For this purpose they had been appointed, Act 1:8, Act 1:21-22; Act 2:32; Act 3:15; Luk 24:48.
Of these things – Particularly of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and of the events which had followed it. Perhaps, however, he meant to include everything pertaining to the life, teachings, and death of the Lord Jesus.
And so is also … – The descent of the Holy Spirit to endow them with remarkable gifts Act 2:1-4, to awaken and convert such a multitude Act 2:41; Act 4:4; Act 5:14, was an unanswerable attestation of the truth of these doctrines and of the Christian religion. So manifest and decided was the presence of God attending them, that they could have no doubt that what they said was true; and so open and public was this attestation, that it was an evidence to all the people of the truth of their doctrine.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Act 5:32
And we are witnesses of these things; and so also is the Holy Ghost.
The witness of the Word and of the Spirit
The book of Acts is one continuous testimony to the Ascension. As the Gospels contain the record of what Jesus began, so the Acts contain the record of what He continued to do and teach (Act 1:1). Our Lord prolongs His days, and some of the earliest of the new days of the Son of Man are recorded here. This word of St. Peter sums up the witness to the Ascension in a more compendious form than any other. It unites the two testimonies–of God and man–as they are not elsewhere–united. Let us consider these as–
I. The sum of the historical testimony to the facts of the gospel. That which the evangelists afterwards wrote the apostles now preach under the inspiration of the same Spirit, viz.
1. The Divine mission of Christ. The God of our fathers raised up His Son Jesus. Peter is here, and as long as we follow him in this book, a minister of the circumcision. Jesus in His preaching is the promise given to the fathers of the Jewish covenant. Beginning at Jerusalem He testifies to the council, who, however, could only receive the first principles of the doctrine of the dignity of Christ. Hence the reserve with which the holy name is always introduced. It is not Gods only begotten Son, but His Servant Son, whom He raised up of the seed of David, a prophet approved of God as the other prophets were. But St. Peter did not preach only for Jews. His words are so ordered as to bear the higher and broader meaning. The Servant was not only a descendant of Abraham and a prophet like unto Moses; God raised Him up in a sense that has no parallel. As Divine, Christs goings forth were from everlasting; as human, He was raised up by a peculiar and heavenly generation. St. Paul at Antioch takes up Peters words, and gives them the wider application.
2. The death of Christ. Here also we mark the specific application to Jewish hearers. St. Peter proclaimed Christs death as it could only have been proclaimed to the actual crucifiers. The same message that offered them pardon painted their crime in its most awful colours. The death of Christ is the central theme of New Testament testimony as declared by human witnesses under the direction of the Holy Ghost. As a fact, it has the largest place in the record. Here only all the evangelists unite, and wherever we turn in the later scriptures the Crucifixion is always near at hand. This, however, is a light thing compared with the meaning of the event. The tree becomes the Cross, and it is placed in the centre of New Testament theology. While the work of Christs mission is the whole sum of truth, the Cross is the whole sum of Christs work, and it is at the foot of the Cross that the apostles survey the whole truth as it is in Jesus.
3. The exaltation of Christ. Once more we mark the influence of Peters hearers. Every word is chosen to mark the contrast between the act of men and the act of God. They raised Him up to the tree; God raised Him up to a glory that was the measure of His humiliation. This is the testimony of the Holy Ghost to all mankind, and in a special sense. The apostles could only witness to Christs life, death, resurrection, and ascension, but the Spirit throughout the entire New Testament proclaims through the apostles that Jesus sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.
II. The saving supremacy of Christ as our Prince and Saviour at the right hand of the Father. It was declared by our Lord that the Spirit should glorify Him after His departure, and one part of that office He discharged by giving Him the new names acquired by His death.
1. Christ became, by His ascension, the Prince of His people. He was not that in the deepest and widest sense until He was received into the heavens. Then God highly exalted Him because of the suffering of death.
2. So also He became our Saviour, in the most comprehensive sense only, when, all His offices complete, He began His mediatorial reign. His name shall be called Jesus, said the angel; and by that name He was always known. Unto you is born a Saviour, said the angels; but we never hear that name given Him till now.
3. But the full significance of the new name is found only in the combination.
(1) He is the Saviour of the subjects of His kingdom, and none are His true subjects who are not delivered by His power from their guilt, their subjection to sin and the empire of Satan. The whole tenor of His instructions is faithful to the one idea of the gathering out of the world a people who are saved from their sins. As He began, so He ended with the kingdom of heaven. This also was the burden of apostolic testimony. St. Peter (chap. 2.) proclaims a saving grace that rescues souls from an untoward generation and adds them to the Church as saved. And the Holy Ghost everywhere bears the same testimony. The kingdom is still not of this world.
(2) And He is the Ruler over those whom He saves. Absolute submission to His authority is the law of His Church–a law to which the Spirit everywhere bears testimony. Our salvation is made perfect by holy obedience. This testimony, added to the former, completes the witness to the Redeemers lordship in heaven. Those who would make Him a king over all men alike are rebuked by the declaration that He is a prince only as He is a Saviour. Those who would make Him only a Saviour are rebuked by the declaration that He is a Saviour only as He is a prince.
III. The salvation which our Prince in heaven bestows on man upon earth. And here St. Peter preaches, as the organ of the Holy Ghost, the common salvation, to use his own phrase, in a manner that is by no means common.
1. Jesus in heaven is the Giver of repentance and pardon. These two words express the whole sum of salvation provided in Christ and proclaimed in His gospel. The former comprises all that is to be wrought in man as preparation; the latter comprises all that man, thus prepared, receives from Christs mercy. The two together comprise all the words of this life.
2. To these things bear the apostles witness, and so does also the Holy Ghost–
(1) As the vindicator of Christs claims to all who hear the gospel, but more specifically to those who obey.
(2) As the revealer of Christs mercy. (WB. Pope, D. D.)
Christian witnesses
I. The respective witnesses–the apostles in the first case, and the Holy Ghost in the second. With regard to the apostles: we may remark, that their evidence, as it will bear the strictest scrutiny, so it is worthy of universal credit.
1. These witnesses must have had the strongest reasons for what they affirmed, concerning the Saviours resurrection–or they would not have espoused a cause so extremely unpopular and hazardous.
2. Next to their peculiar situation–the nature of the evidence which these persons gave affords the strongest grounds of confidence. They were eye-witnesses of the fact.
3. And this is further strengthened by the number of witnesses herein concerned.
4. The place where they declared the fact strongly confirms it. They chose the spot where the event happened–the city where dwelt the very murderers of the Son of God–as the first place in which to spread their report.
5. The time which they chose also is another evidence of their integrity. While the transactions of Calvary were yet fresh in the memory of all, and while the enemies of the Saviour were still in transports of joy on account of their supposed victory, His disciples boldly declared that He was raised from the dead, and ascended into heaven.
II. But there is a higher kind of evidence: The Holy Ghost also (Mar 16:20; Act 4:33).
1. This He did by enabling them to work miracles in confirmation of the truth.
2. The transforming effects of the gospel on the hearts and lives of men afford us another proof.
3. Consolation and peace afforded to the mourner are also in proof. His smile makes the poor, the needy, the trembling rejoice.
Conclusion:
1. The evidence of an ascended Saviour gives us encouragement for faith and prayer, and love, and praise.
2. How dangerous for sinners to disobey and dishonour Him! (American National Preacher.)
Gods chosen witnesses
(text, and Isa 43:10):–Men bear for God two kinds of testimony–in-voluntary and voluntary.
I. The Jews were involuntary witnesses. They had the law and the prophets. They glorified in this. But their formalism and worldliness prevented them from seeing the meaning of these oracles of God. They were called into court, as it were, by God. Bring forth the blind that have eyes, and the deaf that have ears; Let all nations be gathered and confronted with these Hebrews. Who among the heathen can announce coming and far-distant events, or even show former things? But the Jews can. The law and prophets in their hands–books seven centuries old–declare the history of man from the Creation and announce the coming One–My servant whom I have chosen–seven centuries in advance. You Hebrews, God said by Isaiah (Isa 43:8), with eyes but seeing not, hold these books in your hands. Ye are My unconscious, involuntary witnesses. So He may say still. These Hebrews nave, most tenaciously, and often at the hazard of their lives, held fast these sacred volumes through all these centuries. Peeled and scattered over the earth, they have guarded these documents while they have misread them; a blind people that have eyes–shrewd, far-seeing, and intelligent in all other matters, but perverse and ignorant in this, they have remained involuntary witness-bearers to the veracity and supremacy of God.
II. Christians are voluntary witnesses in a twofold capacity–as a Church and as individuals.
1. Against atheism asserting there is no God, the Church proclaims: There is, and we know, worship and obey Him.
2. Against paganism, with its many gods, the Church testifies: The Lord our God is one Lord.
3. Against many-faced infidelity denying that there is any revelation from God, if there is a God at all, the Church avers: We have. God spake at sundry times and in various ways to the fathers by the prophets. In these last days He has spoken unto us by His Son.
4. Against those who deny the manifestation of God in three persons, the Church keeps uttering its benediction: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all.
5. Those who deny the necessity for any atonement may hear the Church declare: The wages of sin is death, but we have redemption through the blood of Christ, even the forgiveness of sins, and see her showing forth His death till He come in her holy communion.
6. To sceptics who scornfully ask: Where is the promise of His coming? the Church testifies: We wait for the Son of God from heaven. He will appear, and then all mysteries will be solved.
7. To Romanists who assert that there are other mediators than Jesus, the Church proclaims one God and one Mediator between God and man, the Man Christ Jesus.
8. False liberalism may say to the sinner: Be sincere and you need no more; the Church echoes her Founders words: Except a man be born from above he cannot see the kingdom of heaven, and those of His beloved disciple: Without holiness no man shall see the Lord. (J. Hall, D. D.)
The evidence from experience
Does the religion of Christ stand the test of the Baconian philosophy?
I. We shall probably find Christianity a religion that will submit to the test of experience, because–
1. It is a religion for all men. There is nothing in Christianity narrow, exclusive, sectarian. Now how can this be unless it be put to the test of fact? The masses cannot reason closely.
2. Only by commending itself to his experience will this religion do for any man all the time. There are times when philosophy and theology cannot sustain a man. In trouble and death mere reason will not sustain him. He must then know his support.
3. The method of experience has been found to be better fitted to give an understanding of things. The world knew little of the sciences till Bacons time. One pound of fact is worth a ton of argument. It is probable, therefore, that God designing a religion for all men would so arrange that it could be subjected to the most convincing test.
II. Does Christianity submit itself to tests that man can try? Yes; let us observe them–
1. A verification of the promises of the Bible as touching
(1) charity. Ask any man who has tried charity for twenty or thirty years if it pays.
(2) Prayer.
2. Let us come to the heart of Scripture. We are told that he who believes will be saved. Can we know we are saved? If there is a fact in the universe of which we may be certain, it is that Christ reveals Himself to the believer as his Saviour.
III. A few questions to those who still object.
1. Is mystery confined to Christianity? I will undertake to explain the mystery of the Trinity to any man who will unfold the mystery of a single seed.
2. On the testimony of a few competent witnesses we believe in the wonderful revelation of the spectroscope. Millions of competent witnesses declare that they know by experience Christianity to be true.
3. Owen finds a fossil five hundred feet down. He says that animal lived on the surface because there are sockets for eyes. Nature makes nothing in vain. It must have lived where light was. Now in man we find yearnings, hopes that nothing but immortality can satisfy. Can you believe that God made light for the eyes, but nothing for the soul? Conclusion: Many doubt the possibility of knowing the forgiveness of sins. I say to a man, Saturn has three rings and eight satellites. Says he, That cannot be, for I have conversed with many men who have looked at Saturn, but they never saw any rings or moons. I apply the telescope to his eye; he looks, but sees nothing. Why? He is blind. (C. D. Foss, D. D.)
The test of experience
There are two methods by which conclusions are reached–the method of argument and that of experience. These have their representatives in Aristotle and Bacon. By the first we are led by reason; by the second fact. Which is the better method? A farmer ploughing his field turns to the light a bit of yellow substance. He examines it. It seems to be gold. He reasons; gold has been found in the neighbourhood; the geological conditions are all favourable, and it, has the appearance and gravity of gold. This is the first method. But suppose he takes that substance to the metallurgist, and an acid is applied that will take hold of nothing else but gold. He now knows through experience that it is gold. Take the case of character: you wish to know if a man is honest. You say he looks honest, has honest associates, comes of an honest stock. Now that is all argument. But suppose his partner says, I know he is honest; he has been with me for twenty years. That is the method of Bacon–experience. Is it not the most conclusive? (C. D. Foss, D. D.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 32. We are his witnesses] The word , his, is omitted by AD, and several others of good note; the Syriac, all the Arabic, AEthiopic, and Vulgate. It does not seem to be necessary.
Of these things] , Of these transactions: i.e. of Christ’s life and miracles, and of your murderous proceedings against him.
And so is also the Holy Ghost] In the gift of tongues lately communicated; and by his power and influence on our souls, by which we are enabled to give irresistible witness of our Lord’s resurrection.
To them that obey him.] We obey GOD, not you; and therefore God gives us this Spirit, which is in us a fountain of light, life, love, and power. The Spirit of God is given to the obedient: in proportion as a man who has received the first influences of it (for without this he cannot move in the spiritual life) is obedient to those influences, in the same proportion the gifts and graces, the light, life, and power, of the Holy Spirit, are increased in his soul.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
We are his witnesses; they refuse not to bear their testimony for Christ, who witnessed a good profession for us.
So is also the Holy Ghost; the Holy Ghost does witness,
1. By the apostles; through his grace and strength they bear their record.
2. By all the miracles that were wrought, for they were only done by his power.
3. By enabling any to believe these things; which belief is his work.
4. Not to say that the Holy Ghost was a witness of the things concerning Christ at his baptism, and the several attestations he gave, saying, This is my beloved Son, Mat 3:17.
Obey him; some read, believe in him, which is to the same purpose; for there is no true repentance where there is no faith; nor no saving faith where there is no repentance and amendment.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
32, 33. we are his witnesses . . .and the Holy GhostThey as competent human witnesses to facts,and the Holy Ghost as attesting them by undeniable miracles.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And we are his witnesses of these things,…. Of the incarnation of Christ, of his crucifixion and death, of his resurrection from the dead, of his exaltation by the right hand of God, and of his offices as a Prince and a Saviour, and of the influences of his grace, in giving repentance and remission of sins to his people; and even to many of the Jews, who had been his crucifiers, and who were now converted under the ministry of the apostles:
and so is also the Holy Ghost; in his descent upon the apostles, through the miraculous gifts bestowed upon them, and the wonderful works done by them, and the mighty power accompanying their ministry to the conversion of sinners:
whom God hath given to them that obey him; that hearken to his Gospel, and believe in Christ, even to all private Christians, as well as ministers of the word; if not in his extraordinary gifts, yet in the ordinary measures of his grace.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
We are witnesses ( ). As in 2:32.
Things (). Literally, sayings, but like the Hebrew dabhar for “word” it is here used for “things.”
And so is the Holy Ghost ( ). The word for “is” () is not in the Greek, but this is plainly the meaning. Peter claims the witness of the Holy Spirit to the raising of Jesus Christ, God’s Son, by the Father.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
Witnesses. See on Act 1:22.
Obey. See on ver. 29.
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament
1) “And we are His witnesses of these things; (kai hemeis esmen martares ton hramaton touton) “And we are (exist as) testators (witnesses) of these words; The “we” referred to are the twelve Apostles and the church, chosen, commissioned, empowered of their Lord to do His work, carry forth His new covenant program of worship, service, and soul-winning and teaching till He comes again, Mat 28:18-20; Joh 15:16-17; Joh 20:21; Act 1:8; Act 1:20-21.
2) “And so is also the Holy Ghost,” (kai to pneuma to hagion) “As well as (is) the Holy Spirit,” who reproves, rebukes, convicts, and pricks the hearts (seat of emotions) unbelievers, calling them to repentance toward God and faith in Jesus Christ, Joh 16:8-11; Act 2:37; Act 7:51; Act 7:54-55; Act 9:3-6.
3) “Whom God hath given to them that obey Him,” (ho edoken ho theos tois peitharchousin auto) “Whom God doled out (freely gave) to those who were persuaded to Him,” the Holy Spirit convicts, woos, calls, and enlightens sinners to see their lost state; but each, under such a divine call, must ask for pardon for himself, repent of his sins for himself, call upon God for mercy for himself, as the publican did, Luk 18:12-13; as Paul did, Act 9:5-6. When one calls upon the Lord for forgiveness he obeys God, at which point the Holy Spirit quickens his soul, imparts to and implants in him a new (Divine) nature, makes him a child of God, Joh 6:63; Rom 5:5; Rom 10:8-13; Heb 3:7; Heb 4:7; Rev 22:7; Joh 1:11-12.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
32. And we are his witnesses. After that they have declared that their doctrine came from God, they descend now unto the other part that they speak as they were commanded by God, lest they seem to attempt anything unadvisedly. For this also was a necessary defense, as it is for all the ministers of the gospel, to wit, that they make this openly known to all men that they teach nothing but that which they have received of God. Secondly, that they are called hereunto, so that they cannot avoid the necessity of teaching, unless they will resist God. Luke putteth words in this place, instead of things, according to the Hebrew phrase. Although if any man had rather understand it of the speech itself, I do not deny but that it may be so. The sum is, seeing they are brought forth by God to be witnesses, they may not give back, (277) but they must publish things which he hath commanded.
And also the Spirit. They confirm their calling by the effect; for this was a seal to approve their doctrine, seeing that God gave the Holy Spirit to those which believed. Forasmuch, as it appeared manifestly by this, that he allowed the faith of the gospel, and it was acceptable to him. In that they say to those which obey him, I refer it unto Christ, as if they should have said, those which believe in Christ are plentifully rewarded for their obedience. Therefore God will have Christ obeyed. Wherefore even our ministry doth please him in that thing. Yet here may a question be moved, Seeing that we have saith by the revelation of the Spirit, how is it said in this place, that the same is given after faith? I answer, that the gift of tongues, of prophecy, of interpretation, of healing, and such like, are spoken of in this place, wherewith God did beautiful his Church. As Paul saith, where he asketh the Galatians, whether they received the Spirit by the law, or by the hearing of faith, (Gal 3:2.) Therefore the illumin-ation of the Spirit goeth before faith, because it is the cause thereof; but there follow other graces afterward, that we may go forward, according to that, “To him that hath shall be given,” (Mat 13:12.) And if we will be enriched every now and then with new gifts of the Spirit, let us hold out unto God the lap of faith. (278) But the reward wherewith our want of faith is rewarded at this day is far unlike; (279) for the most part being destitute of the Spirit of God doth neither see nor understand anything.
(277) “ Tergiversari,” turn their back, backslide.
(278) “ Fidei sinum aperiamus Deo,” let us open a bosom of faith to God.
(279) “ Sed longe diversum praemium hodie reportat nostra incredulitas,” but our incredulity in the present day receiveth a very different recompence.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(32) And so is also the Holy Ghost.The signs and wonders, the tongues and the prophecies, the new power and the new love, were all thought of by the Apostles as coming from their Lord; and therefore as an evidence that He had triumphed over death and had ascended into heaven. (Comp. Act. 2:33.)
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
“And we are witnesses of these things; and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to them that obey him.”
Then he asserts that the Apostles were witnesses of all this, but that there is an even greater witness, and that is the Holy Spirit Who has come from heaven at Jesus’ command, and has been received by all who obey Him. As we have seen, the Apostles were very much aware that the coming of the Holy Spirit was the strongest possible evidence of the resurrection and enthronement of Jesus. It was Jesus Who had sent Him.
Note the connection back to Act 5:29 of the thought of obeying, and the hint to the court that that was what they were doing, obeying God. It was because they were being obedient to God that they could depend on His Spirit Who had been given to them because they obeyed God. There was also in this the suggestion that if those to whom they were speaking lacked the Holy Spirit it was because they did not obey God.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Act 5:32. And so isthe Holy Ghost, The testimony arising from this miraculous communication of the Spirit to Christians at that time, entirely removes the objection from Christ’s not appearing in public after his resurrection; for had there been any imposture, it certainly would have been easier of the two to have persuaded people at a distance that he had so appeared to the Jewish rulers, or even to the multitude, and yet had been rejected, than that he had given his servants such extraordinary powers; since, had this assertion been false, every one might have been a sufficient witness of its falsehood, without the trouble and expence of a journey to Jerusalem, or any other distant place. See Ch. Act 10:41.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
32 And we are his witnesses of these things; and so is also the Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him.
Ver. 32. To them that obey him ] . The Syriac and Arabic have it, To them that believe in him, . It comes all to one pass; for neither is faith without obedience, nor obedience without faith; and both are from the Spirit.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Act 5:32 . “And we are witnesses of these things,” R.V. (W.H [183] ), but in margin, “witnesses in Him,” ( cf. Luk 24:47 ); “nos in eo testes sumus,” Iren., see also above critical notes. For an explanation of the reading in T.R. and the two genitives, see Simcox, Language of the N. T. , p. 84, note, and compare 2Co 5:1 , Phi 2:30 , 1Th 1:3 . : here=Hebrew , cf. Act 10:37 (Grotius, Blass), the words standing for their contents, i.e. , the things, the facts. Meyer understood the facts to be the Resurrection and Ascension of Jesus, but Wendt understands them to be the gifts of the Messianic salvation mentioned in Act 5:31 , and compares Act 5:20 . But the use of the word in Act 5:20 need not limit its use here: the Apostles were called above all things to witness to the facts of Christ’s life, Act 10:37 , and the in Act 5:20 depended upon the Resurrection. In Luk 1:37 R.V. has “no word,” , where A.V. has “no thing,” cf. Luk 1:65 , where A. V. has “things” in the margin ( ), and R.V. reads “sayings” in text: Luk 2:15 , where R.V. has “this thing” ( ) in the text, and “saying” in margin; in Luk 2:19 ; Luk 2:51 , R.V. has “sayings” in the text, “things” in the margin so in LXX, the same uncertainty, cf. Gen 15:1 ; Gen 18:14 , Exo 2:14-15 . is used frequently by St. Luke in his writings, and much more so than by the other Evangelists; although it is found in all parts of the Acts, it is noticeable that it is employed more frequently in the earlier chapters, as in the first two chapters of the Gospel. : on the expression see Act 4:8 . The Holy Ghost with the Apostles, Rom 8:16 ( cf. Act 15:28 ). We may well compare with these words of St. Luke our Lord’s parting words in Joh 15:26-27 . Here we have also the twofold witness the historical witness borne to the facts and the internal witness of the Holy Ghost in bringing home to men’s hearts the meaning of the facts (see Westcott on St. John, in loco ). : not to be limited to the Apostles, although by repeating this verb used at the opening of the speech St. Peter intimates that the (Rom 1:5 ) was the first requisite for the reception of the divine gift. In their own case the witness of the Spirit had been clearly shown, not only in the miracles which the Apostles had done, but also in the results of their preaching, in the enthusiasm of their charity, and we need not limit with Nsgen the thought of the gift of the Holy Spirit to the events of Pentecost. If this short speech of St. Peter, 29 32, reads like a summary of much which he is represented as saying on former occasions, we have no warrant for dismissing it as unhistorical, or even for supposing that St. Luke has only given us a summary of the address. It is rather “a perfect model of concise and ready eloquence,” and a striking fulfilment of the Lord’s promise, Mat 11:19 . Nothing was more natural than that St. Peter and his fellow-Apostles, like men whose minds were finally made up, should thus content themselves with an emphatic reassertion of the main issues involved in teaching which was already widely known, and with a justification of their disobedience to man by an appeal to the results which accompanied their obedience to God.
[183] Westcott and Hort’s The New Testament in Greek: Critical Text and Notes.
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
Acts
WHOM TO OBEY,-ANNAS OR ANGEL?
Act 5:17 – Act 5:32
The Jewish ecclesiastics had been beaten in the first round of the fight, and their attempt to put out the fire had only stirred the blaze. Popular sympathy is fickle, and if the crowd does not shout with the persecutors, it will make heroes and idols of the persecuted. So the Apostles had gained favour by the attempt to silence them, and that led to the second round, part of which is described in this passage.
The first point to note is the mean motives which influenced the high-priest and his adherents. As before, the Sadducees were at the bottom of the assault; for talk about a resurrection was gall and wormwood to them. But Luke alleges a much more contemptible emotion than zeal for supposed truth as the motive for action. The word rendered in the Authorised Version ‘indignation,’ is indeed literally ‘zeal,’ but it here means, as the Revised Version has it, nothing nobler than ‘jealousy.’ ‘Who are those ignorant Galileans that they should encroach on the office of us dignified teachers? and what fools the populace must be to listen to them! Our prestige is threatened. If we don’t bestir ourselves, our authority will be gone.’ A lofty spirit in which to deal with grave movements of opinion, and likely to lead its possessors to discern truth!
The Sanhedrin, no doubt, talked solemnly about the progress of error, and the duty of firmly putting it down, and, like Jehu, said, ‘Come, and see our zeal for the Lord’; but it was zeal for greetings in the marketplace, and the chief seats in the synagogues, and the other advantages of their position. So it has often been since. The instruments which zeal for truth uses are argument, Scripture, and persuasion. That zeal which betakes itself to threats and force is, at the best, much mingled with the wrath and jealousy of man.
The arrest of the Apostles and their committal to prison was simply for detention, not punishment. The rulers cast their net wider this time, and secured all the Apostles, and, having them safe under lock and key, they went home triumphant, and expecting to deal a decisive blow to-morrow. Then comes one of the great ‘buts’ of Scripture. Annas and Caiaphas thought that they had scored a success, but an angel upset their calculations. To try to explain the miracle away is hopeless. It is wiser to try to understand it.
The very fact that it did not lead to the Apostles’ deliverance, but that the trial and scourging followed next day, just as if it had not happened, which has been alleged as a proof of its uselessness, and inferentially of its falsehood, puts us on the right track. It was not meant for their deliverance, but for their heartening, and for the bracing of all generations of Christians, by showing, at the first conflict with the civil power, that the Lord was with His Church. His strengthening power is operative when no miracle is wrought. If His servants are not delivered, it is not that He lacks angels, but that it is better for them and the Church that they should lie in prison or die at the stake.
The miracle was a transient revelation of a perpetual truth, and has shed light on many a dark dungeon where God’s servants have lain rotting. It breathed heroic constancy into the Twelve. How striking and noble was their prompt obedience to the command to resume the perilous work of preaching! As soon as the dawn began to glimmer over Olivet, and the priests were preparing for the morning sacrifice, there were these irrepressible disturbers, whom the officials thought they had shut up safely last night, lifting up their voices again as if nothing had happened. What a picture of dauntless persistence, and what a lesson for us! The moment the pressure is off, we should spring back to our work of witnessing for Christ.
The bewilderment of the Council comes in strong contrast with the unhesitating action of the Apostles. There is a half ludicrous side to it, which Luke does not try to hide. There was the pompous assembling of all the great men at early morning, and their dignified waiting till their underlings brought in the culprits. No doubt, Annas put on his severest air of majesty, and all were prepared to look their sternest for the confusion of the prisoners. The prison, the Temple, and the judgment hall, were all near each other. So there was not long to wait. But, behold! the officers come back alone, and their report shakes the assembly out of its dignity. One sees the astonished underlings coming up to the prison, and finding all in order, the sentries patrolling, the doors fast so the angel had shut them as well as opened them, and then entering ready to drag out the prisoners, and-finding all silent. Such elaborate guard kept over an empty cage!
It was not the officers’ business to offer explanations, and it does not seem that any were asked. One would have thought that the sentries would have been questioned. Herod went the natural way to work, when he had Peter’s guards examined and put to death. But Annas and his fellows do not seem to have cared to inquire how the escape had been made. Possibly they suspected a miracle, or perhaps feared that inquiry might reveal sympathisers with the prisoners among their own officials. At any rate, they were bewildered, and lost their heads, wondering what was to come next, and how this thing was to end.
The further news that these obstinate fanatics were at their old work in the Temple again, must have greatly added to the rulers’ perplexity, and they must have waited the return of the officers sent off for the second time to fetch the prisoners, with somewhat less dignity than before. The officers felt the pulse of the crowd, and did not venture on force, from wholesome fear for their own skins. An excited mob in the Temple court was not to be trifled with, so persuasion was adopted. The brave Twelve went willingly, for the Sanhedrin had no terrors for them, and by going they secured another opportunity of ringing out their Lord’s salvation. Wherever a Christian can witness for Christ, he should be ready to go.
The high-priest discreetly said nothing about the escape. Possibly he had no suspicion of a miracle, but, even if he had, Act 4:16 shows that that would not have led to any modification of his hostility. Persecutors, clothed with a little brief authority, are strangely blind to the plainest indications of the truth spoken by their victims. Annas did not know what a question about the escape might bring out, so he took the safer course of charging the Twelve with disobedience to the Sanhedrin’s prohibition. How characteristic of all his kind that is! Never mind whether what the martyr says is true or not. He has broken our law, and defied our authority; that is enough. Are we to be chopping logic, and arguing with every ignorant upstart who chooses to vent his heresies? Gag him,-that is easier and more dignified.
A world of self-consequence peeps out in that ‘ we straitly charged you,’ and a world of contempt peeps out in the avoidance of naming Jesus. ‘This name’ and ‘this man’ is the nearest that the proud priest will come to soiling his lips by mentioning Him. He bears unconscious testimony to the Apostles’ diligence, and to the popular inclination to them, by charging them with having filled the city with what he contemptuously calls ‘ your teaching,’ as if it had no other source than their own ignorant notions.
Then the deepest reason for the Sanhedrin’s bitterness leaks out in the charge of inciting the mob to take vengeance on them for the death of Jesus. It was true that the Apostles had charged that guilt home on them, but not on them only, but on the whole nation, so that no incitement to revenge lay in the charge. It was true that they had brought ‘this man’s blood’ on the rulers, but only to draw them to repentance, not to hound at them their sharers in the guilt. Had Annas forgot ‘His blood be on us, and on our children’? But, when an evil deed is complete, the doers try to shuffle off the responsibility which they were ready to take in the excitement of hurrying to do it. Annas did not trouble himself about divine vengeance; it was the populace whom he feared.
So, in its attempt to browbeat the accused, in its empty airs of authority, in its utter indifference to the truth involved, in its contempt for the preachers and their message, in its brazen denial of responsibility, its dread of the mob, and its disregard of the far-off divine judgment, his bullying speech is a type of how persecutors, from Roman governors down, have hectored their victims.
And Peter’s brave answer is, thank God! the type of what thousands of trembling women and meek men have answered. His tone is severer now than on his former appearance. Now he has no courteous recognition of the court’s authority. Now he brushes aside all Annas’s attempts to impose on him the sanctity of its decrees, and flatly denies that the Council has any more right to command than any other ‘men.’ They claimed to be depositaries of God’s judgments. This revolutionary fisherman sees nothing in them but ‘men,’ whose commands point one way, while God’s point the other. The angel bade them ‘speak’; the Council had bid them be dumb. To state the opposition was to determine their duty. Formerly Peter had said ‘judge ye’ which command it is right to obey. Now, he wraps his refusal in no folds of courtesy, but thrusts the naked ‘We must obey God’ in the Council’s face. That was a great moment in the history of the world and the Church. How much lay in it, as in a seed,-Luther’s ‘Here I stand, I can do none other. God help me! Amen’; Plymouth Rock, and many a glorious and blood-stained page in the records of martyrdom.
Peter goes on to vindicate his assumption that in disobeying Annas they are obeying God, by reiterating the facts which since Pentecost he had pressed on the national conscience. Israel had slain, and God had exalted, Jesus to His right hand. That was God’s verdict on Israel’s action. But it was also the ground of hope for Israel; for the exaltatior of Jesus was that He might be ‘Prince [or Leader] and Saviour,’ and from His exalted hand were shed the gifts of ‘repentance and remission of sins,’ even of the great sin of slaying Him. These things being so, how could the Apostles be silent? Had not God bid them speak, by their very knowledge of these? They were Christ’s witnesses, constituted as such by their personal acquaintance with Him and their having seen Him raised and ascending, and appointed to be such by His own lips, and inspired for their witnessing by the Holy Spirit shed on them at Pentecost. Peter all but reproduces the never-to-be-forgotten words heard by them all in the upper room, ‘He shall bear witness of Me: and ye also shall bear witness, because ye have been with Me from the beginning.’ Silence would be treason. So it is still. What were Annas and his bluster to men whom Christ had bidden to speak, and to whom He had given the Spirit of the Father to speak in them?
Fuente: Expositions Of Holy Scripture by Alexander MacLaren
His. Omit.
witnesses. See note on Act 1:8.
things = words. Greek. rhema, as in Act 5:20.
the Holy Ghost. App-101.
hath given = gave.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Act 5:32. , and) and in consequence.-, indeed) This particle amplifies. The testimony of the Holy Spirit is weightier than that of the apostles.- , who obey) God, saith Peter, hath given us the Holy Spirit: it is He who impels us to give testimony; and we obey; Act 5:29. We should note the difference between the two words, comparing Act 5:36-37; Act 5:40, where occurs: it is this, according to Ammonius; is said of one who voluntarily assents to another ( : so also ), but of one who obeys the command of another ( ).[42] Comp. Act 27:11; Act 27:21, The centurion believed () the master of the ship: Ye should have hearkened (complied with my counsel, ) unto me.
[42] , from , implies some degree of constraint or obedience to authority and command. and are more spontaneous. See Tittm. Syn. N. T.-E. and T.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
are: Act 5:29, Act 1:8, Act 2:32, Act 10:39-41, Act 13:31, Luk 24:47, Luk 24:48, Joh 15:27, 2Co 13:1, Heb 2:3
and so: Joh 15:26, Joh 16:7-14, Heb 2:4, 1Pe 1:12
whom: Act 2:4, Act 2:38, Act 2:39, Act 10:44, Joh 7:39
Reciprocal: Psa 118:23 – the Lord’s doing Joh 12:17 – bare Act 4:20 – the things Act 14:3 – which Gal 3:14 – might Heb 5:9 – unto 1Jo 1:2 – and bear 1Jo 5:7 – the Holy 1Jo 5:9 – we
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
2
Act 5:32. We are his witnesses. This denotes that the apostles were witnesses to the fact that Jesus had risen from the dead. So is also the Holy Ghost. Jesus had said (Joh 16:7) that if he did not go away (back to Heaven) the Comforter (Holy Ghost) would not come. Therefore, the fact that He did come and was possessed by disciples, was a proof (witness or testimony) that Jesus had arisen from the dead and had ascended to his Father. As to how or when the gift of the Holy Ghost was received, see the comments on chapter 2:38.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Act 5:32. And we are his witnesses of these things. His, as appointed by Him, as chosen by Him when on earth. Of these things, viz. the death on the accursed tree and the ascension from earth, they were eye-witnesses; but they were witnesses in a yet higher sense of their Masters exaltation, as conscious of the Holy Ghost, which He promised should descend upon them when once He had ascended, and which, in accordance with the promise, fell on them at Pentecost and gave them their new grand powers.
And so is also the Holy Ghost. The Holy Ghost, too, is joined with them as a witness. His solemn testimony is publicly borne by those miracles performed by the apostles through His power.
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
See notes on verse 29
Fuente: McGarvey and Pendleton Commentaries (New Testament)
THE GIFT OF THE HOLY GHOST
32. Here we find that the Holy Ghost is given to them that obey God. The Greek for obedience and faith is the same word, which is also true of unbelief and disobedience, illustrating the fact that they are one and inseparable. A true faith always obeys, while disobedience is demonstrative evidence of unbelief. The Holy Ghost will not abide where He is not scrupulously obeyed. He is keenly susceptible of the slightest disobedience, evanescing unconsciously. So you wake to find the heavenly dove flown away out of your heart, leaving an aching void the world can never fill. It is a wonderfully delicate matter to obey God. It is easy, if you pursue the right method, but impossible on any other line. What is the right method? The Bible is the guide-book. If you are truly interested in the Guide, you will be thrillingly interested in the guide-book. With thorough abandonment to God, perfect commitment of your creeds, opinions, theories, notions and enterprises to Him, bereft of every care, sit meekly and lowly at the feet of Jesus, while the Holy Ghost teaches His blessed Word. If you say yes to God, and no to Satan, all the time, you will have no trouble to obey God, and in that case He gives you His Holy Spirit to dwell in your heart, giving you a sweet heaven in which to go to heaven. My yoke is easy and my burden is light this you will always find true if you will let God have His way in all things. Your life will become a cloudless sunshine.
Fuente: William Godbey’s Commentary on the New Testament
5:32 {12} And we are his witnesses of these things; and [so is] also the Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him.
(12) It is not sufficient for us that there is a proper goal, but we must also according to our calling go forward until we come to it.
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
The apostles thought of themselves not just as heralds of good news but as eyewitnesses of that to which they now testified. The witness of the Holy Spirit to which Peter referred was evidently the evidence that Jesus was the Christ that the Spirit provided through fulfilled messianic prophecy. The apostles saw themselves as the human mouthpieces of the Holy Spirit whom Jesus had promised to send to bear witness concerning Himself (Joh 15:26-27). They announced the fulfillment of what the Holy Spirit had predicted in the Old Testament, namely, that Jesus was the promised Messiah. Furthermore God had now given the Holy Spirit to those who obeyed God by believing in Jesus (Joh 6:29). The Holy Spirit was the greatest gift God gave people who lived under the Old Covenant (cf. Luk 11:13). These leaders needed to obey God by believing in Jesus and then they too would receive this wonderful gift.
The early gospel preachers never presented belief in Jesus Christ as a "take it or leave it" option in Acts. God has commanded everyone to believe in His Son (e.g., Act 2:38; Act 3:19; Act 17:30). Failure to do so constitutes disobedience and results in judgment. The Holy Spirit now baptizes and indwells every person who obeys God by believing in His Son (Joh 3:36; Joh 6:29; Rom 8:9). This must be the obedience Peter had in mind.