Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Peter 4:18
And if the righteous scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear?
18. And if the righteous scarcely be saved ] Once more we have a passage from the Old Testament (Pro 11:31) without any formula of quotation. In this instance the Apostle quotes from the LXX. version, though it is hardly more than an inaccurate paraphrase of the Hebrew, which runs “the righteous shall be requited” (the word may mean “punished”) “upon earth, much more the ungodly and the sinner.” St Peter, following the LXX., omits the words “upon earth,” which limit the application of the proverb to temporal chastisements; but it is obvious, as he is speaking primarily of the fiery trial of persecution, that he includes these as well as the issue of the final judgment. A time of “great tribulation,” such as Christ had foretold, was coming on the earth, in which, but for the elect’s sake, “no flesh should be saved” (Mat 24:22). The “un-godly” and the “sinner” correspond to “those that obey not” in the previous verse, the former pointing to sins against God, the latter to sins against man.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
And if the righteous scarcely be saved – If they are saved with difficulty. The word used here ( molis) occurs in the following places: Act 14:18, scarce restrained they the people; Act 27:7, and scarce were come over against Cnidus; 1Pe 4:8, and hardly passing it; 1Pe 4:16, we had much work to come by the boat – literally, we were able with difficulty to get the boat; Rom 5:7, scarcely for a righteous man will one die; and in the passage before us. The word implies that there is some difficulty, or obstruction, so that the thing came very near not to happen, or so that there was much risk about it. Compare Luk 13:31. The apostle in this passage seems to have had his eye on a verse in Proverbs, Pro 11:31, and he has merely expanded and illustrated it: Behold, the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the wicked and the sinner. By the question which he employs, he admits that the righteous are saved with difficulty, or that there are perils which jeopard their salvation, and which are of such a kind as to make it very near not to happen. They would indeed be saved, but it would be in such a manner as to show that the circumstances were such as to render it, to human appearances, doubtful and problematical. This peril may have arisen from many circumstances:
(a) The difficulty of forming a plan of salvation, involving a degree of wisdom wholly beyond that of man, and of such a character that beforehand it would have been problematical and doubtful whether it could be. There was but one way in which it could be done. But what human wisdom could have devised that, or thought of it? There was but one being who could save. But who would have supposed that the Son of God would have been willing to become a man, and to die on a cross to do it? If he had been unwilling to come and die, the righteous could not have been saved.
(b) The difficulty of bringing those who are saved to a willingness to accept of salvation. All were disposed alike to reject it; and there were many obstacles in the human heart, arising from pride, and selfishness, and unbelief, and the love of sin, which must be overcome before any would accept of the offer of mercy. There was but one agent who could overcome these things, and induce any of the race to embrace the gospel – the Holy Spirit. But who could have anticipated that the Spirit of God would have undertaken to renew and sanctify the polluted human heart? Yet, if he had failed, there could have been no salvation for any.
(c) The difficulty of keeping them from falling away amidst the temptations and allurements of the world. Often it seems to be wholly doubtful whether those who have been converted will be kept to eternal life. They have so little religion; they yield so readily to temptation; they conform so much to the world; they have so little strength to bear up under trials, that it seems as if there was no power to preserve them and bring them to heaven. They are saved when they seemed almost ready to yield everything.
(d) The difficulty of rescuing them from the power of the great enemy of souls. The adversary has vast power, and he means, if be can, to destroy those who are the children of God. Often they are in most imminent danger, and it seems to be a question of doubtful issue whether they will not be entirely overcome and perish. It is no small matter to rescue a soul from the dominion of Satan, and to bring it to heaven, so that it shall be eternally safe. Through the internal struggles and the outward conflicts of life, it seems often a matter of doubt whether with all their effort they will be saved; and when they are saved, they will feel that they have been rescued from thousands of dangers, and that there has been many a time when they have stood on the very verge of ruin, and when, to human appearances, it was scarcely possible that they could be saved.
Where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? – What hope is there of their salvation? The meaning is, that they would certainly perish; and the doctrine in the passage is, that the fact that the righteous are saved with so much difficulty is proof that the wicked will not be saved at all. This follows, because:
(a)There is the same difficulty in their salvation which there was in the salvation of those who became righteous; the same difficulty arising from the love of sin, the hardness of the heart, and the arts and power of the adversary.
- No one can be saved without effort, and in fact the righteous are saved only by constant and strenuous effort on their part.
But the wicked make no effort for their own salvation. They make use of no means for it; they put forth no exertions to obtain it; they do not make it a part of their plan of life. How, then, can they be saved? But where will they appear? I answer:
(a)They will appear somewhere. They will not cease to exist when they pass away from this world. Not one of them will be annihilated; and though they vanish from the earth, and will be seen here no more, yet they will make their appearance in some other part of the universe.
- They will appear at the judgment-seat, as all others will, to receive their sentence according to the deeds done in the body. It follows from this:
(1)That the wicked will certainly be destroyed. If the righteous are scarcely saved, how can they be?
(2)That there will be a state of future punishment, for this refers to what is to occur in the future world.
(3)That the punishment of the wicked will be eternal, for it is the opposite of what is meant by saved. The time will never come when it will be said that they are saved! But if so, their punishment must be eternal!
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 18. And if the righteous scarcely be saved] If it shall be with extreme difficulty that the Christians shall escape from Jerusalem, when the Roman armies shall come against it with the full commission to destroy it, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? Where shall the proud Pharisaic boaster in his own outside holiness, and the profligate transgressor of the laws of God, show themselves, as having escaped the Divine vengeance? The Christians, though with difficulty, did escape, every man; but not one of the Jews escaped, whether found in Jerusalem or elsewhere.
It is rather strange, but it is a fact, that this verse is the Septuagint translation of Pr 11:31: Behold, the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth; much more the wicked and the sinner. For this the Septuagint and St. Peter have, If the righteous scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? Such a latitude of construction can scarcely be accounted for. The original is this: hen tsaddik baarets yeshullam, aph ki rasha vechote: “Behold, to the righteous it shall be returned on the earth; and also to the wicked and the transgressor.”
The Chaldee paraphrast has given this a different turn: Behold, the righteous shall be strengthened in the earth; but the ungodly and the sinners shall be consumed from the earth.
The Syriac thus: If the righteous scarcely live, the ungodly and the sinner where shall he stand?
The Arabic is nearly the same as the Septuagint and the apostle; the Vulgate follows the Hebrew.
I have on several occasions shown that, when Cestius Gallus came against Jerusalem, many Christians were shut up in it; when he strangely raised the siege the Christians immediately departed to Pella in Coele-syria, into the dominions of King Agrippa, who was an ally of the Romans, and there they were in safety; and it appears, from the ecclesiastical historians, that they had but barely time to leave the city before the Romans returned under the command of Titus, and never left the place till they had destroyed the temple, razed the city to the ground, slain upwards of a million of those wretched people, and put an end to their civil polity and ecclesiastical state.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Scarcely be saved; with much labour and difficulty, through many tribulations, Act 14:22, as going in the narrow way, and entering in at the strait gate, Mat 7:13,14.
The ungodly and the sinner; unbelievers and impenitent sinners of all sorts; both words signify the same, in opposition to the righteous before mentioned.
Appear; he shall not be able to stand in Gods judgment against the sentence of condemnation then to be pronounced, Psa 1:5; q.d. If the righteous scarcely be saved, the wicked shall certainly perish.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
18. scarcelyCompare “soas by fire,” 1Co 3:15;having to pass through trying chastisements, as David did for hissin. “The righteous” man has always more or less of trial,but the issue is certain, and the entrance into the kingdom abundantat last. The “scarcely” marks the severity of the ordeal,and the unlikelihood (in a mere human point of view) of the righteoussustaining it; but the righteousness of Christ and God’s everlastingcovenant make it all sure.
ungodlyhaving noregard for God; negative description.
sinnerloving sin;positive; the same man is at once God-forgetting and sin-loving.
appearin judgment.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And if the righteous scarcely be saved,…. Reference is had to Pr 11:31 where in the Septuagint version are the same words as here: the “righteous” are such, not who are so in their own opinion, or merely in the esteem of others, nor on account of their vility, morality, and external righteousness before men, or by the deeds of the law; but who are made righteous by the righteousness of Christ imputed to them: and such are “scarcely saved”; not as if they were but in part saved, for they are completely saved; Christ has wrought out and finished a complete salvation for them; and they are saved from all enemies, and everything that might hurt them; from sin, Satan, the law, the world, hell, and death; and they are completely justified, and have all their sins pardoned, and shall be perfectly saved: nor as if their salvation was doubtful; for though they are scarcely, yet certainly saved; for they are chosen to salvation, and Christ has obtained it for them, and they have the application of it already made to them by the blessed Spirit; and being justified, or made righteous persons, nothing is more certain than that they shall be glorified: but they are said to be “scarcely” saved, because of the difficulty of it, both with respect to Christ, who met with difficulties in working out their salvation; by reason of the strictness of divine justice, and the demands of the righteous law, which would make no abatement; the sins of his people he had to bear, and make atonement for; the many enemies he had to grapple with, and the accursed death of the cross, he had to undergo; though they were such he was able to surmount, and did: and especially with respect to the saints themselves; for though their salvation is certain and complete, being finished by Christ, yet their enjoyment of it is attended with many difficulties; by reason of the corruptions of nature, a law in their members warring against the law of their minds; the frequent temptations of Satan, who seeks to devour them, and their wrestlings with principalities and powers, which are above their match; and also by reason of various afflictions and persecutions, and many tribulations, which make their way to eternal life a strait way, and through which they must enter into the kingdom of heaven: and if this be their case, as it is,
where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? the profane sinner, the Christless, impenitent, unbelieving, and unregenerate man; otherwise all men are sinners, in themselves; but here it means such as are destitute of the sanctifying grace of the Spirit, and the justifying righteousness of Christ, and that live and die in their sins: where shall such appear? not in the congregation of the righteous; nor at the right hand of Christ; nor in heaven, into which no defiled sinner shall enter; nor even on earth, among and under the rocks and mountains, which will not be able to hide them from the face of the Judge, and his wrath, when he shall come; but at Christ’s left hand, and in hell, and among the devils and damned there.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
And if the righteous is scarcely saved ( ). First-class condition again with and present passive indicative of . Quotation from Pr 11:31. See 1Pet 3:12; 1Pet 3:14; Matt 5:20. But the Christian is not saved by his own righteousness (Phil 3:9; Rev 7:14). For see Ac 14:18 and for (ungodly, without reverence) see Rom 4:5; 2Pet 2:5.
Will appear (). Future middle of , to show. For the question see Mr 10:24-26.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
1) “And if the righteous” and if the (Greek dikaios) one declared righteous, justified, saved by the gospel Rom 1:16; Rom 10:16.
2) “Scarcely be saved.” (Greek molis sozetai) scarcely or barely is saved, delivered, Eph 2:8-10; With difficulty even the righteous (redeemed) is saved. Consider the death, resurrection, and intercession of Christ — the wooing of the Spirit -God’s sealing and keeping 1Pe 1:5, 2Co 5:10-11.
3) “Where shall the ungodly .” (Greek pou asebes) where the impious renegade, the one never having obeyed God, (appear)? The idea is he can’t evaporate, go out of existence. He must suffer for his transgressions, Heb 2:2-3.
4) “And sinner appear?” and where shall (Greek hamartolos ) the habitually evil “mark-missing” one on moral matters appear? Rom 3:23; Rom 6:23.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
When the faithful see that it is well with the wicked, they are necessarily tempted to be envious; and this is a very dangerous trial; for present happiness is what all desire. Hence the Spirit of God carefully dwells on this, in many places, as well as in the thirty-seventh Psalm, lest the faithful should envy the prosperity of the ungodly. The same is what Peter speaks of, for he shews that afflictions ought to be calmly borne by the children of God, when they compare the lot of others with their own. But he takes it as granted that God is the judge of the world, and that, therefore, no one can escape his hand with impunity. He hence infers, that a dreadful vengeance will soon overtake those whose condition seems now favorable. The design of what he says, as I have already stated, is to shew that the children of God should not faint under the bitterness of present evils, but that they ought, on the contrary, calmly to bear their afflictions for a short time, as the issue will be salvation, while the ungodly will have to exchange a fading and fleeting prosperity for eternal perdition.
But the argument is from the less to the greater; for if God spares not his own children whom he loves and who obey him, how dreadful will be his severity against enemies and such as are rebellious! There is, then, nothing better than to obey the Gospel, so that God may kindly correct us by his paternal hand for our salvation.
18 And if the righteous It has been thought that this sentence is taken from Pro 11:31; for the Greek translators have thus rendered what Solomon says,
“
Behold, the just shall on the earth be recompensed; how much more the ungodly and the sinner?”
Now, whether Peter intended to quote this passage, or repeated a common and a proverbial saying, (which seems to me more probable,) (51) the meaning is, that God’s judgment would be dreadful against the ungodly, since the way to salvation was so thorny and difficult to the elect. And this is said, lest we should securely indulge ourselves, but carefully proceed in our course, and lest we should also seek the smooth and easy road, the end of which is a terrible precipice.
But when he says, that a righteous man is scarcely saved, he refers to the difficulties of the present life, for our course in the world is like a dangerous sailing between many rocks, and exposed to many storms and tempests; and thus no one arrives at the port, except he who has escaped from [a] thousand deaths. It is in the meantime certain that we are guided by God’s hand, and that we are in no danger of shipwreck as long as we have him as our pilot.
Absurd, then, are those interpreters who think that we shall be hardly and with difficulty saved, when we shall come before God in judgment; for it is the present and not the future time that Peter refers to; nor does he speak of God’s strictness or rigour, but shews how many and what arduous difficulties must be surmounted by the Christian before he reaches the goal. Sinner here means a wicked man (52) and the righteous are not those who are altogether perfect in righteousness, but who strive to live righteously.
(51) It certainly appears as a quotation, as the words are literally the same. It is to be observed that the Hebrew has “on earth,” which seems to confirm the view that saved here refers to deliverances from the troubles, trials, and persecutions, which the righteous have to go through during life; and that scarcely, or hardly, or with difficulty, as rendered by Doddridge and Macknight, is to be limited to the time of the Christian’s course in this world; for, as Macknight observes, the Apostle speaks in his Second Epistle of an abundant entrance into the heavenly kingdom being vouchsafed to all faithful Christians. See 2Pe 1:11 — Ed.
(52) The two words, “ungodly,” ἀσεβὴς, and “sinner,” ἀμαρτωλὸς, exactly correspond with רשע and חוטא in Hebrew; the first is he who is not pious, not a worshipper of God, having neither fear nor love towards him; and the second is the wicked, and open and shameless transgressor, who regards not what is just and right. Grotius says, that the first is he who shews no piety towards God; and that the second is one who observes no justice towards man. — Ed.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(18) And if the righteous scarcely be saved.This is a literal quotation, word for word, of Pro. 11:31, according to the LXX. The quotation proves to us St. Peters perfect familiarity with both the Hebrew original and the Greek version. We have seen how he rejects the LXX. version when it does not suit his meaning (e.g., 1Pe. 2:8): here it suits him (though it differs from the Hebrew), and he accepts it. The righteous man here means, apparently, as Leighton says, he that endeavours to walk uprightly in the ways of God, rather than the man who is then declared finally justified. The fact that they are scarcely saved imports not, according to Leighton, any uncertainty or hazard in the thing itself to the end, in respect of the purpose and performance of God, but only the great difficulties and hard encounters in the way. This is only partly true. The Apostle is rather thinking of the final judgment than of the life of trial; and he means that there was but little margin left: a very few more falls, a few more refusals to follow the calls of grace, and they would have been lost. Doubtless, when the best of us looks back, in the light of the last day, upon all that he has been through, he will be amazed that he ever could be saved at all. Yet Bengel well calls us to see the other side of the picture in 2Pe. 1:11.
The ungodly and the sinner.This is the Gentile character. Ungodly denotes open irreligioncontempt of God and all that belongs to His worship. Sinner goes more to the moral side of the nature, pointing most of all to sins of the flesh. (Comp., for instance, Luk. 7:37.) Sinners was almost a synonym for Gentiles. (See, e.g., Luk. 6:32; Luk. 24:7; Gal. 2:15.) The question Where shall he appear? imagines some scene such as that of Mat. 25:32 : Where shall we see him? where will he have to stand?
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
18. Scarcely be saved So severe the persecution, so terrible the trial, so powerful the influences to apostasy, and so weak his own nature, that the Christian will with difficulty endure to the end and be saved in heaven; but if he hold to his faith in Christ, his salvation is absolutely certain.
The ungodly and the sinner Not two classes, but one; he who is utterly the opposite of God in character and life, and a regardless transgressor of his law, making no effort to be saved. The question implies a strong denial that he will be saved at all.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
‘And if the righteous is scarcely saved (‘be saved with difficulty’), where shall the ungodly and sinner appear?’
This is a citation of Pro 11:31 LXX. The saving of the righteous is no easy task. They are ‘saved with difficulty’. Peter is very much aware of how great the cost of our salvation has been (1Pe 1:18-19; 1Pe 2:24; 1Pe 3:18; 1Pe 4:1). Only God could have accomplished it. Salvation may be free for us but we must never forget the great effort and cost that God put into it on our behalf. It was by no means easy for Him. And if that be true, what hope is there for Christ-rejecters who do not have the benefit of His saving work? They will appear on the wrong side of God’s judgments.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
1Pe 4:18. And if the righteous, &c. St. Peter having, in the preceding verse, compared the case of the Christians with that of the unbelieving Jews, he intimated that the approaching calamities were only to begin at the house of God; but the end, the weight of the storm, would fall upon the unbelievingJews, because of their refusal of the gospel. But in this verse he seems to have enlarged his view, and to have compared the present case of faithful Christians, to the case of the idolatrous and wicked world at the last day, as he had already done, 1Pe 4:5. The verse before us is taken from Pro 11:31 according to the text. The apostle seems to have quoted the words, not by way of proof, but as alluding to that ancient proverb, and according the words of the Wise King to his present subject. The word scarcely, or with great difficulty, must allude to the difficulties arising to good men in their Christian course, from the dangerous snares and temptations of sin and the world. St. Peter has put it by way of question, Where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? In which he alludes to an earthly court of judicature, where the innocent, or such as are sure of pardon, may appear with courage and cheerfulness; but the guilty are afraid and unwilling to appear at all. The turn of the expression in the original is very lively: The ungodly and the sinnerwhere shall he appear? It seems as if the apostle were solicitous to lead the sinner to consider where he should hide his head, since wherever he was, he would find God immediately appearingagainst him as an irresistible enemy. This he might say, by way of warning to persecutors, and to encourage Christians to hope and trust that God would vindicate their cause, and preserve them from turning aside to crooked paths.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
1Pe 4:18 . Strengthening of the foregoing thought by quotation of the O. T. passage, Pro 11:31 , after the LXX., whose translation, however, is inexact (cf. Delitzsch in loc .).
“is he who stands in a right relation to God” (Schott), that is, the believer who belongs to the . . ; , the unbeliever ( . . .). is not, with Gerhard, to be referred to the fact, that for the pious non nisi per multas tribulationes ingressus in regnum coeleste pateat, but that it is difficult ( , scarcely, with great difficulty ) to stand in the judgment (1Pe 4:17 ), and to attain .
] “ where will he appear ?” that is, he will not stand, but will be annihilated. The same thought as in Psa 1:5 .
Fuente: Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer’s New Testament Commentary
DISCOURSE: 2410
THE DIFFICULTY OF SALVATION
1Pe 4:18. If the righteous scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear?
EARNESTNESS in the concerns of religion is often thought unnecessary; but the attainment of salvation is by no means easy. This appears from the representations which the Scriptures give of religion; a race, a warfare, &c.
The difficulties implied in these metaphors may well alarm the careless. With this view St. Peter suggests the awful query in the text.
I.
His assumption
The Apostle did not mean to express a doubt, but rather to assume a position which he deemed incontrovertible. The point he assumes is, that the righteous are saved with difficulty.
The truth of this position will appear, if it be considered that the righteous are not saved without,
Deep afflictions
[Gods people are for the most part poor and afflicted [Note: Zep 3:12.]. They have much to endure on account of their religion [Note: 2Ti 3:12.]; and trials are for the most part necessary to their growth in grace [Note: 1Pe 1:7.]. If they were without affliction of some kind, they would have reason to doubt whether they were Gods children indeed [Note: Heb 12:8.]. Trials are to them, as the furnace to the gold, to purge them from their dross, and to fit them for the service of their God [Note: Heb 12:10.].]
Severe conflicts
[None have made such high attainments, but they still have conflicts to maintain with Satan [Note: Eph 6:12.], and their indwelling corruptions [Note: Rom 7:15; Rom 7:23.]: it is by these that God keeps them humble [Note: 2Co 12:7.]. The images by which vital religion is set forth (as running, wrestling, fighting,) sufficiently attest the truth of my position. As long as two principles remain within us, our conflicts must remain [Note: Gal 5:17.].]
Powerful assistances
[Who can get to heaven without them, or even do anything that is good without them? The aid we need, is such as nothing but Omnipotence can supply [Note: Eph 1:19-20.]: if ever we be kept at all, it must be by the power of God himself [Note: 1Pe 1:5.].]
A very slight view of the fact assumed will suffice to shew us the reasonableness of,
II.
The appeal he founds upon it
The appeal is stronger than any mere assertion, inasmuch as it makes every man a judge in his own cause. It clearly intimates, that the perdition of the ungodly is,
1.
Most certain
[The ungodly, no less than the godly, will be summoned to the judgment-seat of Christ; but the two will be separated as sheep from the goats, and widely different portions will be assigned unto them [Note: Psa 1:5.]. How can it be supposed to be otherwise, when the difference of their characters is considered? If hell be not an abode fit for the righteous, much less is heaven a proper residence for the ungodly ]
2.
Most reasonable
[We confidently appeal even to the ungodly themselves. If such troubles as are often inflicted on the righteous be permitted by God as the salutary purgations of his friends, what shall be inflicted by God as the vindictive chastisements of his enemies? If such things come on his friends in this state of probation, what shall come on his enemies at the time appointed for final retribution? If such be the visitations experienced by his friends in the day of his mercy, what must his enemies expect in the day of his wrath? Verily I shall wonder if the conscience of any man be either so blind or so obdurate, as not to feel the force of this appeal. If there be such a hardened sinner, let him consult, and provide an answer to, other similar appeals to Holy Writ [Note: Heb 2:3.] To die without mercy is bad enough; but there is a much sorer punishment awaiting his unhappy soul [Note: Heb 10:28-29.].]
See
1.
How desirable it is to ascertain your true character
[Surely it is no difficult matter to ascertain to which of the two forementioned classes you belong. Surely you may soon learn whether you are living in the daily habit of penitence, and faith, and unreserved obedience to your God. If God be true, your eternal state shall correspond with your character, whatever it may be [Note: Isa 3:10-11.] ]
2.
What is that line of conduct which common prudence demands
[If there were no future state, you might go on in your own ways without much concern; but if repentance, faith, and obedience are essential constituents of the character of the righteous, say, whether it be wise to disregard, or even to defer them? The world may deride a life of piety as folly; but it is true wisdom: yea, the fear of the Lord is the very beginning of wisdom. Let every one then seek that righteousness, without which no man shall see the Lord.]
Fuente: Charles Simeon’s Horae Homileticae (Old and New Testaments)
18 And if the righteous scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear?
Ver. 18. Scarcely be saved ] Hard and scarce; not at all from outward miseries (whereof he is sure to have his back’s burden), and not without somewhat ado from hell’s torments. The wise virgins had no oil to spare; the twelve tribes served God instantly and constantly day and night, and all little enough, Act 26:7 .
Where shall the ungodly, &c. ] Surely nowhere: not before saints and angels, for holiness is their trade. Not before God, for he is of “more pure eyes,” &c. Not before Christ, for he shall come in flaming fire rendering vengeance. Not in heaven, for it is an undefiled inheritance, &c.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
18 .] and (the question of the last verse is again repeated under a well-known form, taken from the O. T., which however casts solemn light on both members of the interrogation: explaining what is meant by judgment on God’s people and also by the end of the disobedient. The citation is verbatim from the LXX, except that is omitted between and . The LXX departs from the Heb. text, which is as the E. V., “Behold the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the wicked and the sinner”) if the righteous is ( is being , see reff.: or rather perhaps the pres., of that which is to be) with difficulty saved (on account of the sharpness of the trial, and his own weakness. “Hoc temperatur 2Pe 1:11 prolixe.” Bengel. Cf. Rev 5:4-5 . The does not induce any doubt as to the issue, only wonder : if we be by faith in Christ, our salvation, however difficult and apparently impossible, is as certain as Christ’s own triumph), the ungodly ( , ‘impius,’ the man who in his innermost heart cares not for God and turns not to Him) and sinner (he that is devoted to sin. The absence of a second article, and the singular verb, both shew, that the same person is meant by both), where shall he appear (so in Psa 1:5 ; where shall he stand and find an abiding place in the judgment?) ?
1Pe 4:18 . To the summary excerpt from Ezekiel Peter appends the Septuagint version of Pro 11:31 , which is followed by the Syriac and partially by the Targum: The original according to the Masoretic text is Behold or if the righteous will be punished on the earth: how much more the wicked and the sinner . The Greek, which probably represents a different Hebrew text, is more apt to his purpose and to the teaching of Jesus, which provoked the question, Who then can be saved (Mar 10:24-26 ).
righteous. App-191.
scarcely. See Act 14:18.
ungodly. Greek. asebes. Compare App-128.
appear. App-106. Compare Pro 11:31 (Septuagint)
18.] and (the question of the last verse is again repeated under a well-known form, taken from the O. T., which however casts solemn light on both members of the interrogation: explaining what is meant by judgment on Gods people and also by the end of the disobedient. The citation is verbatim from the LXX, except that is omitted between and . The LXX departs from the Heb. text, which is as the E. V., Behold the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the wicked and the sinner) if the righteous is (is being, see reff.: or rather perhaps the pres., of that which is to be) with difficulty saved (on account of the sharpness of the trial, and his own weakness. Hoc temperatur 2Pe 1:11 prolixe. Bengel. Cf. Rev 5:4-5. The does not induce any doubt as to the issue, only wonder: if we be by faith in Christ, our salvation, however difficult and apparently impossible, is as certain as Christs own triumph), the ungodly (, impius, the man who in his innermost heart cares not for God and turns not to Him) and sinner (he that is devoted to sin. The absence of a second article, and the singular verb, both shew, that the same person is meant by both), where shall he appear (so in Psa 1:5; where shall he stand and find an abiding place in the judgment?)?
1Pe 4:18. -; and if the righteous-appear?) Pro 11:31, Septuagint, , ; Very heavy chastisements are inflicted upon the righteous, when they at any time meanwhile offend: how much heavier punishments shall the wicked suffer? The persecution of Nero preceded the calamity of the Jews by a few years. The righteous, the ungodly, and the sinner. A semi-double sentence.[38] A man is righteous with reference to his neighbour, ungodly with reference to God, a sinner with reference to himself. We must therefore supply, by the force of the opposites in the first proposition, , godly; and , holy: in the second proposition, , unjust.-) with difficulty [Comp. Mat 25:5; Mat 25:9]. This is softened, 2Pe 1:11, , abundantly.
[38] See Append. on SEMIDUPLEX ORATIO.-E.
righteous
Righteousness. (See Scofield “Rom 10:10”)
saved (See Scofield “Rom 1:16”)
sinner Sin. (See Scofield “Rom 3:23”).
if: 1Pe 5:8, Pro 11:31, Jer 25:29, Eze 18:24, Zec 13:9, Mat 24:22-24, Mar 13:20-22, Luk 23:31, Act 14:22, Act 27:24, Act 27:31, Act 27:42-44, 1Co 10:12, Heb 4:1, Heb 10:38, Heb 10:39
where: Psa 1:4, Psa 1:5, Rom 1:18, Rom 5:6, 2Pe 2:5, 2Pe 2:6, 2Pe 3:7, Jud 1:15
the sinner: Gen 13:13, 1Sa 15:18, Luk 15:1, Rom 5:8
Reciprocal: 1Sa 4:18 – his neck 1Ki 13:24 – a lion 2Ch 28:10 – not with Jer 49:12 – they whose Eze 5:3 – a few Eze 9:6 – and begin Mat 3:10 – is hewn Mat 7:13 – that Mat 22:7 – he was Mat 24:8 – General Mar 13:29 – know Luk 7:37 – which Luk 13:1 – mingled Act 27:10 – damage Act 27:44 – that 1Co 3:15 – yet 1Ti 1:9 – the ungodly Heb 2:3 – How
1Pe 4:18. Righteous scarcely be saved. The salvation of the righteous is no uncertain matter, and the Bible in no place indicates any doubt about it. As to whether a man becomes and remains righteous is another subject, and lie is warned all through the word of God to be watchful and not become slack in his service to the Lord. But our passage is speaking only of the faithful and so far as the salvation of them is concerned the scriptures are definite. (See Joh 10:28 Joh 11:26 :2Ti 2:19; 2 Peter 1:10. 11: Rev 20:6.) The word for scarcely is defined “with difficulty” by Thayer, hence we should have no trouble in understanding the statement. The trials that will be forced upon Christians by the foe will make the conflict difficult, but if they will be faithful to the end in spite of the difficulties (which is something that all who will can do), then their salvation is as sure as that the Lord lives. If the words ungodly and sinner are used separately they mean virtually the same. Peter uses them in one sentence hence he recognizes a distinction. Ungodly his direct reference to a man’s deliberate disrespect for God, while sinner has more reference to the kind of personal life he is following without any special consideration of what he thinks of God. Of course both men described are wrong and will not be saved unless they repent. The question about where they shall appear is an implied declaration that they will appear or show up at the day of judgment on the left side of Him before whom all nations will be gathered (Mat 25:31-33).
1Pe 4:18. And if the righteous with difficulty is saved, the ungodly and sinner, where shall he appear? These words are taken from the Greek translation of Pro 11:31. As they stand in the Hebrew text, their sense is somewhat doubtful. According to some, they mean simply that if the righteous man has his reward on earth, much more shall the unrighteous man have his punishment. According to others, they mean that if the righteous man is recompensed on earth for his sins, much more shall the unrighteous man be requited for his sins. It is the latter idea that appears in the free translation of the Septuagint, and it is this that Peter follows. The words in the earth show that in Proverbs the requital in view is that which comes in the form of temporal blessings and chastisements. These words are omitted in the Greek Version as well as here. The word rendered scarcely by the A. V., the R. V., and most of the old English Versions, has the sense of hardly, not quite, in the Classics, although its primitive sense was with pains, with toil. In the New Testament it seems to mean with difficulty (Act 14:18; Act 27:7-8; perhaps even Rom 5:7), as also in the Book of Wisdom (Wis 9:16), where it corresponds to with labour. Here, therefore, it does not express any uncertainty or incompleteness in the grace of salvation, but indicates with what difficulty and at what cost even the man who is in a right relation with God, is made secure in the judgment. And if that is so, how shall it be with the man who, as being both careless of God and in practice a sinner, is in a wrong relation to the Judge? The utmost emphasis is given to the description of the person, by putting the words the ungodly and sinner before the interrogative where. Again the question is left to suggest its own solemn answer,an answer which is given in Psa 1:5. It is observed that the term sinner was almost a synonym for Gentileone outside the pale of Gods people. Interrogations like these are hard indeed to square with the idea that in Peters view the end of the despisers of grace was to be restoration.
As if he had said, ” When the day of visitation comes, which is verily at hand, and God shall begin to punish the Jews, his own people, called his house in the foregoing verse; if then the righteous among them escape the common calamity with great difficulty, and are scarcely preserved, how shall the ungodly and sinners think to escape unpunished in the day of Jerusalem’s calamity, that day of vengeance, when Christ shall come to plead with them? If then the rightious be scarcely saved, that is, with great difficulty preserved from that desolating calamity, that fiery trial spoken of, 1Pe 4:12, where shall the ungodly and sinner appear? And how shall they hope to escape in safety from that dreadful judgment now ready to come on the Jewish nation?”
There have been those that have made use of this text to show the difficulty of eternal salvation; and that the best and holiest of saints, even those that are most eminent in grace, are very difficultly saved; which, though a truth in itself, yet is scarcely deducible from this text, which certainly speaks of temporal preservation.
1Pe 4:18. And if the righteous scarcely be saved Escape with the utmost difficulty. So the word , rendered scarcely, signifies. That is, If it be not without much difficulty that the Christians are secured and preserved in those overflowing, devouring judgments which are coming on the Jewish nation; where shall the ungodly and the sinner The impenitent and unbelieving, the obstinate and wicked part of the Jewish nation; appear? That is, what will become of them? Dreadful will be their destruction. The meaning of the apostle, however, may be, If the righteous, , the righteous man, be scarcely, or not wholly saved from suffering, that is, from chastisement, (in which light the apostle represents the persecutions to which the Christians were exposed,) if God judges, and, by various temporal afflictions and calamities, punishes him, where shall the ungodly and impenitent sinner appear? How terrible will be the wrath which will fall upon him? If the faults of the loyal subject, yea, of the dutiful son, be not passed over unnoticed, unchastised, by the holy and just Governor and Judge of the world, what has not the enemy and rebel to fear? Perhaps this may be the chief meaning of the apostle, and not the deliverance of the Christians from the Roman invasion, in which very few of them were concerned, to whom the apostle addressed his epistle; namely, those sojourning in Pontus, &c. See chap. 1Pe 1:1. And the passage may be intended to signify also the difficulty with which pious men get to heaven, through this dangerous and insnaring world. Compare Act 14:18; Act 27:7-8; Act 27:16. where the word , here used, signifies with difficulty. The turn of the latter clause of the verse in the original, , is very lively; it seems as if the apostle were solicitous to lead the sinner to consider where he should hide his head, since wherever he was he would find God immediately appearing against him as an irresistible enemy. This he might say, by way of warning to persecutors, and to encourage Christians to hope that God would vindicate their cause, and preserve them from turning aside to crooked paths. And this the connection with the following verse favours. Doddridge.
ARGUMENT 22
THE RIGHTEOUS SCARCELY SAVED
18. If the righteous is scarcely saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? The Greek dikaios literally means a justified man in contradistinction to the sinner, and the ungodly, who are under condemnation. The sinner is a person addicted to habits of overt wickedness, while the ungodly, sustaining a good moral character, are simply unsaved, i.e., without the knowledge and possession of God in the heart. Worldly churches are largely filled up with this class. It is frequently the case, as with moral outsiders, their greatest sins are self-righteousness. As a rule they seem to be harder to save than overt sinners, because they depend on their morality, churchanity and good works, all of which are utterly powerless to keep them out of hell, into which they plunge headlong with all of the outbreaking sinners. Not so with the justified man. He goes to heaven when he dies, though scarcely, i.e., he barely squeezes in. But see what a glorious achievement, though he barely gets in by the skin of his teeth. Having neglected sanctification during his life, he receives it in the article of death, going out of the world under the redeeming blood like an infant, and entering heaven in a state of spiritual infancy, having forfeited all of the glorious opportunities of spiritual growth, culture and development during probation (which at best are certainly very meager with the unsanctified). It is fearfully risky to live and die in the justified state, without sanctification, depending on its reception in the article of death, and then squeezing into heaven. I would not like to risk it, lest I be squeezed out instead of in. Peter gives us something infinitely better in his next letter, i.e., the abundant entrance for the man who has not only been justified, but sanctified and enriched with the bright constellation of spiritual graces described in the first chapter.
19. God is in everything, good and bad, so far as His true people are concerned, making all things a blessing to them through perfect submission and good works.
In this verse Peter contrasted the intensity of the two experiences of suffering, by disciples now and by unbelievers in the future. It is with difficulty that righteous people pass through this phase of our existence into the next phase because this phase involves suffering for us. "Saved" (Gr. sozetai) here means delivered in the sense of being delivered from this life into the next. Yet it will be even more difficult for godless people to pass from this phase of their lives to the next because they will have to undergo God’s wrath. Their future sufferings will be more intense than our present sufferings.
The purpose of Peter’s quoting Pro 11:31 loosely was to show that the Old Testament also taught that both the righteous and the wicked will receive from the Lord. The point in the proverb is that since God rewards the righteous on earth how much more can we count on His rewarding wicked sinners. If God disciplines His own children, how much more severely will He deal with those who are not His children. Our sufferings are light compared with those the ungodly will experience in the future.
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Fuente: The Greek Testament
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
Fuente: Scofield Reference Bible Notes
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
Fuente: Expository Notes with Practical Observations on the New Testament
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Fuente: William Godbey’s Commentary on the New Testament
Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)