Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Leviticus 23:17
Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven; [they are] the firstfruits unto the LORD.
17. wave loaves ] See Appendix IV, pp. 183 ff.
tenth parts ] A.V. ‘tenth deals,’ and so in Lev 23:13. With the exception of these vv. the expression is peculiar to P, denoting the measure of fine flour used in a Meal-Offering. For the word ‘deals’ see on Lev 14:10.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Out of your habitations, i.e. out of the corn of your own land, for which and for the fruits of it you are now to offer praises unto God. And this also, as well as the former sacrifice, was brought out of the common charge, and in the name of the whole nation, whence it is said to be brought out of their habitations in the plural number. Some conceive two several loaves were brought from every family, or, as others, from every city or town. But this is easily confuted from Lev 23:18, where we read that with the bread, to wit, the two loaves, were to be offered seven lambs, one bullock, &c., which doubtless was a common oblation, and in the name of all.
Two wave loaves; in double proportion, as before, Lev 23:13.
Baken with leaven; because these were not offered to God, but wholly given to the priest for food. See on Lev 2:11; 7:13.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
17. Ye shall bring out of yourhabitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals, c.These loaveswere made of “fine” or wheaten flour, the quantitycontained in them being somewhat more than ten pounds in weight. Asthe wave-sheaf gave the signal for the commencement, the two loavessolemnized the termination of the harvest season. They were thefirst-fruits of that season, being offered unto the Lord by thepriest in name of the whole nation. (See Ex34:22). The loaves used at the Passover were unleavened thosepresented at Pentecost were leaveneda difference which is thusaccounted for, that the one was a memorial of the bread hastilyprepared at their departure, while the other was a tribute ofgratitude to God for their daily food, which was leavened.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals,…. Out of their habitations in the land of Canaan; and not out of those without the land, as Jarchi observes; and not out of all of them, as Ben Gersom remarks; though the Vulgate Latin version has it, out of “all” of our habitations, but wrongly; and indeed out of no one particular habitation, because it was at the public expense; but they were brought from some part of the country or another, even the quantity of two tenth parts of an ephah, or two omers of wheat flour made into two loaves, which were to be, and were waved before the Lord, and hence so called; and are the same with the new meat offering, or rather bread offering, made of the new corn, in the preceding verse, so Jarchi:
they shall be of fine flour; of wheat flour, the finest of it, of which all meat or bread offerings were made; and this was particularly on account of the wheat harvest, and therefore it was proper that the finest of the wheat should be used on this occasion;
[See comments on Le 2:1]; each loaf or cake, according to Maimonides w, was seven hands’ breadths long, four hands’ breadths broad, and four fingers high:
they shall be baked with leaven; the common meat offering was unleavened, part of which was burnt on the altar, where no leaven might be burnt, Le 2:4; and from hence it may be concluded that no part of these loaves was to be burnt, but the whole of them fell to the share of the priests:
[they are] the firstfruits unto the Lord; which he claimed as his, and gave unto his priests; and it was but right and just he should have them, as an acknowledgment of all coming from his hands, and as expressive of gratitude for them, and for the sanctification of the rest; hence this is called the feast of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, Ex 34:22.
w Hilchot Tamidin, &c. c. 8. sect. 10.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(17) Ye shall bring out of your habitations.During the second Temple this clause was taken to be elliptical, and to denote ye shall bring out of, or from, the land of your habitations, that is, from Palestine (Num. 15:2).
Two wave loaves of two tenth deals.These two loaves were prepared in the following manner. Three seahs of new wheat were brought into the court of the Temple, were beaten and trodden and ground into flour. Two omers of the flour were respectively obtained from a seah and a half, and after having been sieved in the twelve different sieves, were kneaded separately with leaven into two loaves outside the Temple, but were baked inside the sanctuary on the day preceding the festival. Each loaf was seven hand-breadths long, four hand-breadths broad, and five fingers high. These were offered to the Lord as firstlings (Exo. 34:17), whence this festival is also called the day of first-fruits (Num. 28:26).
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
17. Ye shall bring out two wave loaves The words out of your habitations do not imply that the offering is individual. Two wave loaves were required of the whole nation, and not of each family. The size of these loaves may be inferred from the fact that they consisted of six quarts of flour, and were leavened. Three ordinary loaves were required for a meal for one person. Luk 11:5. For the manner and significance of waving, see note on Lev 7:30.
Fine flour See note on Lev 2:1.
With leaven Leaven was prohibited only in fire offerings, (Lev 2:11,) and in the bread to be eaten during the passover week. Exo 12:15. It was required in the peace offering. See note on Lev 7:13. Hence Amos, in his mention of leaven, does not ironically reproach the character of the sacrifices, but the senseless idols to which they were offered. Amo 4:5.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Lev 23:17. They shall be baken with leaven No leaven was to be burnt upon the altar; see ch. Lev 2:11. Accordingly, these loaves were to be waved before the Lord, not burnt upon the altar; see Lev 23:20. It is most probable that these wave-loaves are enjoined to be made with leaven, (that is, in the manner of bread commonly used) as they were designed for the food of the priests; and they might possibly be further intended as eucharistic emblems of the daily bread of the people, thus piously acknowledged to proceed from the Lord.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Lev 23:17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; [they are] the firstfruits unto the LORD.
Ver. 17. Out of your habitations. ] That is, Out of the new corn (growing of the same land which God gave them to inherit) not foreign.
The firstfruits,
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
with leaven. This great exception is made because the antitype is not Christ but human kind, and not without sin. “They that are Christ’s”, 1Co 15:23. Compare Lev 23:6 and Lev 23:10 above.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
wave-loaves
The wave-loaves were offered fifty days after the wave-sheaf. This is precisely the period between the resurrection of Christ and the formation of the church at Pentecost by the baptism of the Holy Spirit Act 2:1-4; 1Co 12:12; 1Co 12:13. See “Church”; Mat 16:18; Heb 12:22; Heb 12:23. With the wave-sheaf no leaven was offered, for there was no evil in Christ; but the wave-loaves, typifying the church, are “baken with leaven,” for in the church there is still evil.
Fuente: Scofield Reference Bible Notes
two wave: Num 28:26
leaven: Lev 7:13, Mat 13:33
the firstfruits: Lev 23:10, Exo 22:29, Exo 23:16, Exo 23:19, Exo 34:22, Exo 34:26, Num 15:17, Num 15:19-21, Deu 26:1, Deu 26:2, Pro 3:9, Pro 3:10, Rom 8:23, 1Co 15:20, Jam 1:18, Rev 14:4
Reciprocal: Lev 23:20 – wave them Num 15:20 – the heave offering Num 18:12 – the firstfruits Num 18:20 – General Deu 18:4 – firstfruit Neh 10:37 – the firstfruits Amo 4:5 – offer a sacrifice
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Lev 23:17. Two wave loaves of two tenth-deals There was one tenth-deal in each loaf. They were called wave-loaves, because they were presented to God by waving them toward heaven. Baken with leaven Contrary to the established law in other bread or flower offerings, Lev 2:11-12. The reason may be, that these first-fruits were a symbol of the leavened bread which the Israelites commonly used.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
23:17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with {h} leaven; [they are] the firstfruits unto the LORD.
(h) Because the priest should eat them, as in Lev 7:13, and they should not be offered to the Lord on the altar.