Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Numbers 29:7
And ye shall have on the tenth [day] of this seventh month a holy convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work [therein]:
7. ye shall afflict your souls ] An expression which denoted fasting; cf. Num 30:13, Psa 35:13, Isa 58:3; Isa 58:5. Here it is the great annual fast, still strictly observed by orthodox Jews, on the Day of Atonement; cf. Lev 16:29; Lev 23:27-29; Lev 23:32.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
The offering on the great Day of Atonement was the same with that just specified. The great ceremonies of the day are described in Lev. 16.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 7. On the tenth day] See Clarke on Le 16:29; and “Le 23:24“.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Your souls, i.e. yourselves, by fasting and abstinence from all delightful things, and by compunction and bitter sorrow for your sins, and the judgments of God either deserved by you, or inflicted upon you for your sins. See Lev 16:29,30; 23:27.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
7-11. ye shall have on the tenth dayof this seventh month an holy convocationThis was the greatday of atonement. Its institution, together with the observance towhich that day was devoted, was described (Lev 16:29;Lev 16:30). But additionalofferings seem to be noticed, namely, the large animal sacrifice fora general expiation, which was a sweet savor unto the Lord, and thesin offering to atone for the sins that mingled with that day’sservices. The prescriptions in this passage appear supplementary tothe former statement in Leviticus.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And ye shall have on the tenth day of the seventh month an holy convocation,…. The month Tisri, as before; so the Targum of Jonathan:
and ye shall afflict your souls; or persons; their bodies by fasting, and their souls by repentance and humiliation; for this was a grand fast, as it is called Ac 27:9,
ye shall not do any work [therein]; see Le 23:28.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
On the day of atonement, on the tenth of the seventh month, a similar festal sacrifice was to be offered to the one presented on the seventh new moon’s day (a burnt-offering and sin-offering), in addition to the sin-offering of atonement prescribed at Lev 16, and the daily burnt-offerings. For a more minute description of this festival, see at Lev 16 and Lev 23:26-32.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Verses 7-11:
The tenth day of the seventh month was Yom Kippur, the Great Day of Atonement, Le 16:29-34; 23:27-32, q.v. In addition to the sacrifices specified in these passages, a Burnt Offering (Le 1) was to be offered, consisting of one young bullock, one ram, and seven year-old lambs. Accompanying these sacrifices were the prescribed Meat (food) Offerings and Drink Offerings.
No work of any kind was to be performed on this solemn day. It was a day of fasting, not of feasting.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
7. And ye shall have on the tenth day. This was the day of Atonement. For although they never came into God’s presence without supplication for pardon, they then in a special manner confessed their sins, because a fast was appointed in token of their guilt. For thus it is written in Lev 23:29,
“Whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.”
As to the sacrifices, one bullock only is required; the rest is as before, except that an exception is added, which was omitted in the former cases. For another propitiation is appointed besides the goat, to accord with the fact of their affliction. For the acknowledgment of guilt would have been a dreadful torment to their consciences without the hope of reconciliation. The reason of this sacrifice will be soon explained.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
G. OFFERINGS FOR THE DAY OF ATONEMENT vv. 711
TEXT
Num. 29:7. And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month a holy convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work therein: 8. But ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the Lord for a sweet savor; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year; they shall be unto you without blemish. 9. And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals to a bullock, and two tenth deals to one ram, 10. A several tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs: 11. One kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the sin offering of atonement, and the continual burnt offering, and the meat offering of it, and their drink offerings.
PARAPHRASE
Num. 29:7. And on the tenth day of this seventh month you shall have a holy convocation, and you shall humble yourselves: you shall do no work. 8. And you shall offer a burnt offering to the Lord for a sweet aroma: one young bull, one ram, and seven yearling lambs, without defect: 9. And their grain offering, flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of a measure for the bull, two-tenths for the one ram, 10. one-tenth of a measure each for the seven lambs; 11. one male goat for a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering of atonement, and the continual burnt offering, and its grain offering, and their drink offerings.
COMMENTARY
Special offerings were required on the Day of Atonement, as specified in Lev. 16:2-28. Additionally, the offering duplicated that of the first day of the month, and the people were required to fast and abstain from work, as on the sabbath day.
QUESTIONS AND RESEARCH ITEMS
541.
Read up on the Day of Atonement, and list the events which were unique to this feast.
542.
How did the nation learn on this day whether their offerings, and the intercession of the High Priest, were accepted by the Lord?
Fuente: College Press Bible Study Textbook Series
(7) The tenth day of this seventh month . . . The law respecting the observance of the great Day of Atonement is contained in Leviticus 16 and Lev. 23:26-32. The sacrifices prescribed in Num. 29:8-11, which are the same as those prescribed for the first day of the seventh month, were to be offered in addition to the sin offerings of atonement prescribed in Leviticus 16 and to the daily burnt offerings. (See Notes on Leviticus 16; Lev. 23:26-32.)
And ye shall afflict your souls.See Lev. 16:29. This affliction or humiliation appears to have included in it fasting (comp. Act. 27:9), although the word which denotes fasting is not employed, nor is there any express injunction respecting fasting in the Pentateuch.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
OFFERINGS ON THE DAY OF ATONEMENT, Num 29:7-11.
7-11. On this day the sacrifices were the same as on the day of new moon of the seventh month, in addition to the sin offering peculiar to the yom kippur, the day of atonement, which is minutely described in Leviticus 16 and Lev 23:26-32, notes. This atonement was a lively figure of reconciliation to God by the death of Christ.
Ye shall afflict your souls This betokens repentance and humiliation for sins, and prefigures our fellowship in the afflictions of Christ. Rom 6:3-4; Rom 6:6.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
The Day of Atonement ( Num 29:7-11 ).
Sacred in the Israelite calendar was the Day of Atonement on the tenth day of the seventh month. It was a day of affliction of the person (compare Lev 16:29), although we are never told in what way. On this day they were to ‘afflict themselves’. This probably represented some form of indicating penitence, although we are not told what it was. It may have been the loosening of the hair, the ritual tearing of clothes, and the covering of the upper lip (Lev 13:45). (Compare Num 10:6; Num 21:10; Eze 24:17; Eze 24:22; Gen 37:34; Num 14:6; 2Sa 1:11; 2Ki 11:14 ; 2Ki 19:1; 2Ki 22:11; 2Ki 22:19; Ezr 9:5; Mic 3:7). It would later be related to fasting, but there is no hint of that here. In Isa 58:3-5 it is related to fasting but rather as something done while fasting, possibly ‘bowing down his head as a rush, and spreading sackcloth and ashes under him’.
But it was not specifically spelled out, probably so that men could choose how they expressed themselves without it becoming just a formal response. This day yearly was the day when Israel specially remembered their sins. It was a sorrowful day for that reason, but behind it lay joy, for on that day the High Priest discreetly and reverently entered behind the veil in the Holy Place into the Holy of Holies itself, and there presented before Yahweh at the very Mercy Seat (the Ark), the blood, first of his own purification for sin offering (a bull ox), and then of their purification for sin offering (a he-goat). And on that day also a further he-goat, the ‘scapegoat’, was driven into the wilderness, having had the sins of the people confessed over it, never to return, in one way or another bearing on it as their representative the sins of Israel (see Leviticus 16 for details).
a The tenth day of the seventh month to be a holy convocation for affliction of their souls and no manner of work (Num 29:7).
b Whole burnt offerings of one young ox bull and a ram and seven he-lambs to be offered to Yahweh as a pleasing odour (Num 29:8).
c The grain offerings to be offered with the whole burnt offerings (Num 29:9-10).
b A he-goat to be offered as a purification for sin offering (Num 29:11 a).
a This to be offered beside the purification for sin offering of atonement, and the continual whole burnt offerings, with their grain and drink offerings (Num 29:11 b).
Num 29:7
‘And on the tenth day of this seventh month you shall have a holy convocation, and you shall afflict your souls. You shall do no manner of work,’
That day was a day of affliction of the person, and a holy convocation (gathering together) on which no work must be done. All must be allowed to fully participate in that day.
Num 29:8-11
‘But you shall offer a whole burnt offering to Yahweh, for a pleasing odour; one young ox bull, one ram, seven he-lambs a year old; they shall be to you without blemish; and their grain offering, milled grain mingled with oil, three tenth parts for the ox bull, two tenth parts for the one ram, a tenth part for every lamb of the seven lambs: one he-goat for a purification for sin offering of atonement, and the continual whole burnt offering, and its grain offering, and their drink-offerings.’
On that day special offerings would be offered as here described, but these would be additional to the whole burnt offerings of a ram for the priest (Lev 16:3) and a ram for the people (Lev 16:5), and the purification for sin offerings of an ox bull for the priest and a he-goat for the people (Lev 16:3; Lev 16:5) and the scapegoat. Thus would atonement be made followed by the offerings of worship, dedication, praise and thanksgiving, which also included an element of atonement.
Each year this solemn day would be seen as allowing a new beginning. The past was behind them and the future before them. Whatever had been they could begin again, being fully reconciled to Yahweh. Although this did depend on the attitude of heart with which they had come (see Isa 1:11-20). Their offerings had to be genuine. They did not work automatically.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
On the day of Atonement
v. 7. And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month, v. 8. but ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the Lord for a sweet savor: one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year; they shall be unto you without blemish; v. 9. and their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three-tenth deals to a bullock, and two-tenth deals to one ram, v. 10. a several tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs; v. 11. one kid of the goats for a sin-offering; beside the sin-offering of atonement,
Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann
Here also, I refer the Reader to Lev 16:29-31 . And also, Lev 23:27 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Num 29:7 And ye shall have on the tenth [day] of this seventh month an holy convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work [therein]:
Ver. 7. And ye shall have. ] See Lev 16:19 , See Trapp on “ Lev 16:19 “
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
souls. Plural of Hebrew. nephesh.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
on the tenth: Lev 16:29-31, Lev 23:27
afflict: Lev 16:29, Ezr 8:21, Psa 35:13, Psa 126:5, Psa 126:6, Isa 22:12, Isa 58:3-5, Zec 7:3, Zec 12:10, Mat 5:4, Luk 13:3, Luk 13:5, Act 27:9, Rom 6:6, 1Co 9:27, 2Co 7:9-11, Jam 4:8-10
Reciprocal: Lev 16:3 – a young Lev 16:34 – an everlasting Num 30:13 – to afflict Dan 10:12 – chasten Heb 10:3 – a remembrance
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Num 29:7. And on the tenth day a holy convocation On this day was offered annually their seventh national sacrifice. It was the great day of atonement, a day of special humiliation, fasting, and prayer; concerning the particular ceremonies whereof, see on Lev 16:29; and Lev 23:27. Afflict your souls Yourselves, by abstinence from all delightful things, and by compunction for your sins, and the judgments of God, either deserved by you, or inflicted upon you.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
29:7 And ye shall have on the tenth [day] of this seventh month an holy {d} convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work [therein]:
(d) Which is the feast of reconciliation.