Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Deuteronomy 21:20
And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son [is] stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; [he is] a glutton, and a drunkard.
20. elders ] Sam. LXX, men.
riotous liver ] Better, prodigal, lit. one who lavishes or squanders, Pro 23:20 (with flesh, a glutton) and 21, parallel to drunkard as here; Deu 28:7: a companion of prodigals shameth his father.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Stubborn and rebellious, adds incorrigibleness to all his wickedness.
A glutton and a drunkard; under which two offences others of a like or worse nature are comprehended by a synecdoche.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
And they shall say unto the elders of his city,…. In open court, what follows, at the same time, according to the Targum of Jonathan, acknowledging their own sins, for which such a calamity had befallen them, saying,
“we have transgressed the decree of the word of the Lord, because is born unto us a son that is stubborn, c.”
see Joh 9:2
this our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice one of an obstinate disposition, will have his own will and way, is perverse and refractory; honours not, but despises his parents, and is disobedient to their commands, unruly and ungovernable: the Jews gather a many things from hence, for which there is little foundation, as that they must be neither dumb, nor blind, nor deaf; though what they further observe is not much amiss, concerning this rebellious child, that the law respects a son and not a daughter, because a daughter generally is more tractable; and less capable of doing mischief than a son; and a son and not a man, for if at man’s estate, and for himself, he is not under the power of his parents; and yet not a child or a little one, for that is not comprehended in the commands; he must be according to them thirteen years of age and one day, and he must be a son and not a father b:
[he is] a glutton and a drunkard; which, according to the Misnah c, is one that eats half a pound of flesh, and drinks half a log of Italian wine; R. Jose says, a pound of flesh and a log of wine; but the decision was not according to him; the first rule stood: now half a pound of flesh, and half a log of wine, which was about three egg shells, or a quarter of a pint, would be at this day reckoned very little by our grandsons of Bacchus, as Schickard observes d; but in an age of severer discipline, as he says, in the tender candidates of temperance, it was reckoned too much, and was a presage of a future glutton: and it must be further observed to denominate him a rebellious son, what he ate and drank was to be what he stole from his parents, and did not eat and drink it at home, but abroad, and in bad company; so Jarchi remarks on the text, he is not guilty until he steals, and eats half a pound of flesh, and drinks half a log of wine; in which he seems to have respect to the Jewish canon e,
“if he steals from his father and eats it in a place in his father’s power, or from others and eats it in a place in their power, or from others and eats it in a place in his father’s power; he is not reckoned a stubborn and rebellious son, unless he steals from his father, and eats it in a place in the power of others,”
see Pr 23:20, the Jews seem to refer to this when they charged Christ with being a glutton and a winebibber, Mt 11:19 being desirous of having him thought as such an one.
a Misn. Sanhedrin, c. 8. sect. 4. b Ut supra, (Misn. Bava Bathra, c. 8.) sect. 1. Maimon. & Bartenora in ib. c Ib. sect. 2. d Jus Regium Heb. c. 5. Theor. 17. p. 364. e Misn. Sanhedrin, c. 8. sect. 3.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Here they were to accuse the son as being unmanageable, refractory, disobedient, as “a glutton and a drunkard.” These last accusations show the reason for the unmanageableness and refractoriness.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Ver. 20. He is a glutton and a drunkard Under these words are comprehended all other riotous courses. He was not to suffer for these vices only, but for stubbornly persisting in them, in spite of the repeated admonition and reproof of his parents, as appears from the 18th verse. Gluttony and drunkenness lead insensibly from crime to crime, even to the last excess. Pro 28:7. Miserable are the parents who do not repress, with the greater attention, the first inclinations in their children to these unworthy passions! To what miseries do they not expose themselves by their criminal indulgence! See Saurin’s Sermons, tom. 12: Sermon 1.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Deu 21:20 And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son [is] stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; [he is] a glutton, and a drunkard.
Ver. 20. He is a glutton. ] The same word is used for a vile person in Jer 15:19 . And indeed belly-gods Php 3:19 are dungy-gods. Hab 2:18 Eze 4:12-13 A scavenger, whose office is to empty, is to be preferred before him that liveth but to fill, privies.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
glutton, &c. Compare Mat 11:19.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
he will not: Pro 29:17
he is a glutton: Pro 19:26, Pro 20:1, Pro 23:19-21, Pro 23:29-35
Reciprocal: Deu 19:19 – so shalt Pro 15:32 – heareth Pro 23:21 – the drunkard Pro 30:11 – that curseth Gal 5:21 – drunkenness Eph 5:18 – be not 2Pe 2:10 – despise
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Deu 21:20. A glutton and a drunkard Under which two offences others of a like or worse nature are comprehended.