Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Samuel 27:6
Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.
6. Ziklag ] One of the cities In the Negeb or “South Country,” originally assigned to Judah (Jos 15:31), but transferred to Simeon (Jos 19:5), and either never occupied by them or reconquered by the Philistines. Its site has not been identified, but was probably somewhere W. or N. W. of Beersheba, next to which it is mentioned in Neh 11:28.
Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day ] This note from the hand of the compiler indicates that the book was composed after the separation of the kingdom of Judah from the kingdom of Israel, and before the Captivity. Ziklag was, so to speak, one of the crown estates of the royal house.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Ziklag – This was properly one of the cities of Simeon within the tribe of Judah (marginal references), but it had been taken possession of by the Philistines. The exact situation of it is uncertain.
Unto this day – This phrase, coupled with the title the kings of Judah, implies that this was written after the revolt of Jeroboam, and before the Babylonian captivity.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
1Sa 27:6
Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day.
Gods restoring mercy
Throughout that season of declension and relapse (1Sa 27:1-12, Psa 10:1-18) the loving mercy of God hovered tenderly over Davids life. Gods restoring mercy was evident.
I. In inclining strong and noble men to identify themselves with Davids cause. Now these are they, says the chronicler, that came to David to Ziklag, while he yet kept himself close, because of Saul, the son of Kish; and they were among the mighty men, helpers in war (1Ch 12:1). And he proceeds to enumerate them. Some came from Sauls own tribe, experienced marksmen. Some came from the eastern bank of the Jordan, swimming it at the flood, mighty men of valour, men trained for war. Thine are we, David, etc. Evidently the spirit of discontent was abroad in the land. The people, weary of Sauls oppression and misgovernment, were beginning to realize that the true hope of Israel lay in the son of Jesse. They therefore went out to him without the camp, bearing his reproach. Thus, in silence and secrecy, loyal and true hearts are gathering around our blessed Lord, the centre of whose kingdom is not earthly but heavenly. Who then are willing to leave the tottering realm of the prince of this world, soon to be shattered on the last great battlefield of time, and identify themselves with the kingdom of the Son of David, which is destined to endure as long as the sun?
II. In extricating his servant from the false position into which he had drifted. The Philistines suddenly resolved on a forward policy. They were aware of the disintegration which was slowly dividing Sauls kingdom. When this campaign was being meditated, the guileless king assured David that he should accompany him. This was perhaps said as a mark of special confidence. It was, however, a very critical juncture with David. He had no alternative but to follow his liege lord into the battle; but every mile of those fifty or sixty which had to be traversed must have been trodden with lowering face and troubled heart. There was no hope for him in man. If by your mistakes and sins you have reduced yourself to a false position like this, do not despair; hope still in God. Confess and put away your sin, and humble yourself before Him, and He will arise to deliver you. You may have destroyed yourself; but in Him will be your help. An unexpected door of hope was suddenly opened in this valley of Anchor. When Achish reviewed his troops in Aphek, after the lords of the Philistines had passed on by hundreds and by thousands, David and his men passed on in the rearward with the king. This aroused the jealousy and suspicion of the imperious Philistine princes, and they came to Achish with fierce words and threats. What do these Hebrews here? etc. They pointed out how virulent a foe he had been, and how tempting the opportunity for him to purchase reconciliation with Saul by turning traitor in the fight. In the end, therefore, the king had to yield. It cost him much to inform David of the inevitable decision to which he was driven; but he little realized with what a burst of relief his announcement was received. He made a show of injured innocence: What have I done, and what has thou found in thy servant so long as I have been before thee unto this day, that I may not go and fight against the enemies of my lord the king? But his heart was not with his words; and it was with unfeigned satisfaction that he received the stringent command to depart from the camp with the morning light.
III. By the Divine dealings with him in respect to the burning of Ziklag. It was by Gods great mercy that the Philistine lords were so set against the continuance of David in their camp. They thought that they were executing a piece of ordinary policy, dictated by prudence and foresight; little realizing that they were the shears by which God was cutting the meshes of Davids net. As David was leaving the battlefield, a number of the men of Manasseh, who appear to have deserted to Achish, were assigned to him by the Philistines, lest they also should turn traitors on the field. Thus he left the camp with a greatly increased following. Here, too, was a proof of Gods tender thought, fulness, because at no time of his life was he in greater need of reinforcements than now. God anticipates coming trial, and reinforces us against its certain imminence and pressure. On reaching the spot which they accounted home, after three days exhausting march, the soldiers found it a heap of smouldering ruins; and instead of the welcome of wives and children, silence and desolation reigned supreme. The loyalty and devotion which he had never failed to receive from his followers were suddenly changed to vinegar and gall. But this was the moment of his return to God. In that dread hour, with the charred embers smoking at his feet; with this threat of stoning in his ears; his heart suddenly sprang back into its old resting place in the bosom of God. From this moment David is himself again, his old strong, glad, noble self. For the first time, after months of disuse, he bids Abiathar bring him the ephod, and he enquires of the Lord. With marvellous vigour he arises to pursue the marauding troop and he overtakes it. He withholds the impetuosity of his men till daylight wanes, loosing them from the leash in the twilight, and leading them to the work of rescue and vengeance with such irresistible impetuosity that not a man of them escaped. He was sweet as well as strong, as courteous as he was brave. (1Sa 30:26). The sunshine of Gods favour rested afresh upon his soul. (F. B. Meyer, B. A.)
Disaster and deliverance
To what fluctuations, what ebbs and flows of spiritual power, the same man is subject! Moral victories are often succeeded by terrible weaknesses. Days differ not so much as the men who live through them. Elijah flung himself beneath the juniper in unbelieving despondency directly after the fire from heaven had honoured his faith in God.
I. David nursing doubt. The pendulum of his faith has swung right back. His heroism, patience, and fortitude are gone. He turns his face and feet toward the enemies of Israel. Tides are not the sport of chance, nor is Davids declension. No man retreats before a conquered enemy unless there be reason and cause.
1. God is not consulted. David said in his heart (verse 1). He omitted to lay the case before God, and turned to commune with his own heart. He is simply a man moved by his fears and inclinations. How they shut us out from prayer! To the busy no time, to the perplexed no need, to the anxious no use. How hurriedly we move to obey these promptings when once admitted! If Davids inclinations tended towards Gath, he would not wish to ask God. Do not affect surprise; plunge the test right into your life. Are you afraid lest the answer from God should be against your inclinations?
2. Indifference to past mercies, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul. Unbelief finds voice here–open, blank, base, ungrateful unbelief! What reason had David to doubt Gods care for and over him?
3. Doubt thus led David to draw false conclusions. There is nothing better for me than that I should speedily escape into the land of the Philistines. The Seventh Psalm shows us how he suffered at this period of his life.
II. Distrust of God prepares the way for deceit. Doubt brought, forth deceit. Deceit led to cruelty (verse 11). He slew the Amalekites, so that none should tell the king.
1. Deceit producing difficulty. Achish tells David be must join with his people and fight against Israel (1Sa 27:1), and, moreover, appoints him captain of his bodyguard (verse 2). Deceit weaves difficulties which bind as chains. How could David go forward? Christian, you went with the multitude to do evil, and since then you have found the way of transgressors is hard.
III. Disaster following and yet producing deliverance. While David was away, the Amalekites, seizing their opportunity, pillaged and destroyed Ziklag. Home destroyed, wives and children gone, wounded where most susceptible in his affections, it was no wonder David was greatly distressed. If this was an hour of bitterness, it was also a blessed hour. Repentance does not always follow sorrow for sin–never, only in a gracious heart. Davids faith, chained down during these last sixteen months, sprang up through the gloom, and in the day of sorrow made itself heard. (H. E. Stone.)
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Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 6. Achish gave him Ziklag] Ziklag was at first given to the tribe of Judah, but afterwards it was ceded to that of Simeon, Jos 15:31; Jos 19:5. The Philistines had, however, made themselves masters of it, and held it to the time here mentioned; it then fell into the tribe of Judah again, and continued to be the property of the kings of Judah. This verse is a proof that this book was written long after the days of Samuel, and that it was formed by a later hand, out of materials which had been collected by a contemporary author. See the preface.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Gave him Ziklag; not only to inhabit, but to possess it as his own; which he did, to lay the greater obligations upon David, whom he knew so able to serve him.
Pertaineth unto the kings of Judah: it was given to the tribe of Judah before, Jos 15:31, and afterwards to the tribe of Simeon, Jos 19:5, whose inheritance was given them within the inheritance of the children of Judah, Jos 19.
1. But the Philistines kept the possession of it till this time, and were hitherto permitted to do so. And being now given by them to David, it now belonged not to the people of the tribe of Judah, to whom it was allotted before; but to the king of Judah, David and his heirs for ever.
Unto this day: this and some such clauses seem to have been added by some sacred writers after the main substance of the several books was written.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
6. ZiklagThough originallyassigned to Judah (Jos 15:31),and subsequently to Simeon (Jos19:5), this town had never been possessed by the Israelites. Itbelonged to the Philistines, who gave it to David.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day,…. A city which in the division of the land was given to the tribe of Judah, and after that to the tribe of Simeon, Jos 15:31; though it seems not to have been possessed by either of them, at least not long, but soon came into the hands of the Philistines, who kept it till this time, and now it returned to its right owners; according to Bunting g it was twelve miles from Gath:
wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day; not to the tribe of Judah, though it originally belonged to it, but to the kings of it, it, being granted to David, who quickly after this became king of Judah; and this was annexed to the crown lands, and ever after enjoyed by the kings, of the house of Judah; for this was not given for a temporary habitation, but for perpetual possession. This clause seems to be added by the continuator of this history, after the death of Samuel; who might be Gad or Nathan; some say Ezra, and Abarbinel that Jeremiah was the writer of it.
g Travels, &c. p. 136.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(6) Ziklag.In the days of Joshua this place fell to the lot of Simeon (Jos. 19:5). It was afterwards captured by the Philistines, not long before the time of David, and Keil thinks was left without inhabitants in consequence of this conquest. Its exact situation has never been clearly ascertained; it certainly lay far south, near the Amalekite borders.
Wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.These words supply us with a double note of time in the question of the date of this First Book of Samuel. They tell us that it was cast in its present shape after the revolt of Jeroboam, and certainly before the days of the carrying away of Israel to Babylon.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
6. Gave him Ziklag This town was situated in the extreme south of Palestine, (Jos 15:31; Jos 19:5.) but its exact location is unknown. A trace of the name may linger in the Wady Asluj, a day’s journey southwest of Beersheba. Near here are found the extensive ruins of Khalasah, identified by Robinson and Palmer with the Elusa of the Peutinger tables and of Jerome; but the ruins, says Palmer, are “so utterly destroyed that it is impossible to make out what the original ground plan might have been, though the course of one broad street can still be traced. The inhabitants of Gaza are in the habit of removing the stones for building purposes, and have thus nearly cleared the site, in many cases actually digging out the foundations of the houses.” May not this be the site of the ancient Ziklag?
Ziklag unto this day A remark inserted, probably, by a transcriber after the Book of Samuel was otherwise complete. See Introduction.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
1Sa 27:6. Ziklag Ziklag was situated on the southern frontiers of Judah, not far from Hormah. See Jos 15:30-31. Le Clerc conjectures from this verse, that the present book was written after the separation of the ten tribes; but it is easy to suppose, that this passage was added to the sacred text by some later hand, Jeremiah, or Esdras, or some other inspired writer. For the rest, it is certain, that before the separation of the ten tribes, Judah and Israel were distinguished from each other. Psa 76:1.
REFLECTIONS.Though there was now an apparent reconciliation wrought between them, David knew Saul’s temper too well, to believe that it would be of long continuance. We have here,
1. His fearfulness and unbelief. God’s promises, and his own past experience, cannot prevent melancholy apprehensions of his danger; he is, therefore, ready to despair after all his deliverances, and fears that he shall yet fall by the hand of Saul. Note; Many a poor trembling heart is exercised like David, and, from the sense of its numerous corruptions, is ready to give up all hope, and dishonour God’s faithfulness.
2. His resolution, hereupon, to fly into the land of the Philistines, hoping that Saul would then desist from any further pursuit. He accordingly fled to Achish, from whom he met with a kind reception. Probably, David had first acquainted him with his distress, and obtained his protection; and he can sooner rely on the word of a Philistine, than on the oath of Saul. His six hundred men accompanied him, with their households, and dwelt at first with Achish at Gath; but, finding many inconveniences there, he desires, and Achish consents to give him Ziklag for his abode. His abode in the royal city exposed him to envy, and the courtiers of Achish probably disliked the friendship that their king shewed him. Besides, there the public exercise of his religion was more offensive, and his men in greater danger of being corrupted. On every account, therefore, the motion was prudent, and the issue proved it so; for hither his friends could more easily resort to him; and by the present grant, the city became ever after annexed to the crown of Judah, as it had been in their lot before, though not occupied by that tribe. Here he abode, not a year and four months, but days, even four months, Saul being within that time slain, and David succeeding to the throne. Note; (1.) It is our duty to withdraw from temptation. (2.) We shall never lose by what we give up for the sake of God and our souls.
3. Saul now desisted from any further pursuit, which, it seems, he again intended, if David had not been gone out of his reach. Note; It is not by the want of will, but power, that the evil of many a wicked man is kept within bounds.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
1Sa 27:6 Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.
Ver. 6. Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day. ] Hungry Ziklag – augustia sextarii, so it signifieth, saith Pagnine – where David and his men were hard put to it for a poor subsistence; but it was fittest for his purpose, being an outter town, that he might forrage, and fetch in spoil undiscovered. And besides, it became a rendezvous for his friends out of Judea to resort unto him, as they did for his better advancement to the kingdom. 1Ch 12:1 ; 1Ch 12:22 But it was impoliticly done of Achish to assign him to such a city as belonged to Judea, Jos 15:31 and bordered thereon.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Ziklag. An outpost which protected Gath.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Ziklag: Ziklag was at first given to the tribe of Judah, but was afterwards ceded to that of Simeon; but as it bordered on the Philistines, if they had ever been expelled, they had retaken it. Eusebius simply says it was situated in the south of Canaan. 1Sa 30:1, 1Sa 30:14, 1Sa 19:5, 2Sa 1:1, 1Ch 4:30, 1Ch 12:1, 1Ch 12:20, Neh 11:28
Reciprocal: Jos 15:31 – Ziklag Jos 19:5 – Ziklag
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
1Sa 27:6. Achish gave him Ziklag Not only that he might inhabit it for the present, but possess it as his own in future. This Achish did, either out of his royal bounty, or on condition of some service which David was to perform. Or perhaps he thought hereby to lay the greater obligations on David, whom he knew to be so able to serve him. In the division of the country it was first given to the tribe of Judah, Jos 15:31; and afterward to that of Simeon, who had a portion out of the land given to Judah, Jos 19:5. But the Philistines kept possession of it, so that neither of them enjoyed it, till now, by the gift of Achish, it became the peculiar inheritance of David and his successors. Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day This and such clauses were evidently added after the substance of the books in which they are contained was written.