Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Kings 21:3
And Naboth said to Ahab, The LORD forbid it me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee.
3. The Lord forbid it me ] This verse is very interesting, because (1) it makes clear that Naboth was a worshipper of Jehovah and, in spite of the persecution of the prophets, did not shrink from making it known to the king by his language. Here was an example of one who had not bowed the knee nor given a kiss to Baal. And (2) the reason which he alleges for clinging to his inheritance shews that the teaching of the law of Moses (Num 36:7-8; Lev 25:27-28) concerning the sacredness of a paternal inheritance had taken firm hold of the minds of the people, so that Ahab did not think of venturing on harsh measures against one who put forward this religious plea as a bar to the royal desire.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
The Lord forbid it me – Or, Yahweh forbid it me. Naboth, as a worshipper of Yahweh, not of Baal, considers it would be wrong for him to comply with the kings request, as contrary to the Law (margin). His was not a mere refusal arising out of a spirit of sturdy independence, or one based upon the sentiment which attaches men to ancestral estates.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
1Ki 21:3
The Lord forbid that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee.
The reply of Naboth, and its lessons
I. The reply of Naboth.
1. It first assures us that he is a conscientious man, and a worshipper of Jehovah. No; but from a conviction of his duty to God as the Supreme Lawgiver: and, therefore, rather than offend Him, or violate His will, he would incur the anger and vengeful power of Ahab.
2. Hence the moral heroism of the reply–similar to that which distinguished the answer of the apostles, in after history, when forbidden by the magistrates to preach in the name of Jesus. These brave men recognised the Divine authority; and, basing their publication upon its evidence, they were ready to undergo any persecution, any torture, any death, rather than disobey God. And it was according to this spirit that Naboth uttered the words to Ahab.
3. In this reply of Naboth, there is also the recognition of an old fundamental law, unrepealed, among the Hebrews, respecting landed property: and this recognition stands out in direct opposition to the loose practices of Ahab, the priests, and all the followers of Baal.
II. Its lessons.
1. The great value which every professing Christian ought to set upon his inheritance, as purchased for him, and handed down to him by Christ, and that no man ought to part with it through the force of temptation.
2. We learn furthermore from the reply of Naboth the great importance of decision of character, or as it is directed towards a right purpose.
3. Naboth openly avowed his belief in God and His laws before Ahab, and a nation given up to idolatry. And thus we are taught not to be ashamed of confessing our faith in Christ. (W. D. Horwood.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
For God hath expressly, and for divers weighty reasons, forbidden the alienation of lands from the tribes and families to which they were allotted, Lev 25:15,23,25; Num 36:7; Eze 46:18. And although these might have been alienated till the jubilee, yet he durst not sell it to the king for that time; because he supposed that if once it came into the kings hand, especially to be made a garden of pleasure, and affixed to his palace, neither he nor his posterity could ever recover it again; and so he should both offend God, and wrong his posterity; which being, as it seems, a pious man, he durst not do.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
And Naboth said to Ahab, the Lord forbid it me that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee. The inheritances of families were not to be alienated to another family, or tribe, nor even to be sold, unless in extreme poverty, and then to return at the year of jubilee, Le 25:23. Now Naboth was a man in good circumstances, and under no necessity of selling his vineyard; and, if he sold it, he might reasonably conclude, it becoming a part of the royal demesnes, would never revert to his family; and therefore, both out of regard to the law of God, and the good of his family, would not part with it at any rate: this shows that he was a conscientious man, and therefore is thought to be one of those that would not bow his knee to Baal, and against whom Ahab had a grudge, and sought an opportunity against him.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
3. The Lord forbid it me Literally, Accursed to me from Jehovah from giving the inheritance of my fathers to thee. That is, I should be accursed or alienated from Jehovah by giving this inheritance away, or parting with it so as never to recover it again. So Naboth refused to sell his inheritance on religious grounds, for the law (Lev 25:23) said, “The land shall not be sold forever,” that is, so as to be cut off forever from the claim of the original possessor. For even if, through poverty, a man was obliged to sell a part of his possession, it would return to him again at the next jubilee.
Lev 25:25-28. But Ahab evidently wished to have Naboth make a final and irrecoverable disposal of his estate.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
1Ki 21:3. The Lord forbid it me, &c. Ahab’s request was inconsistent with the law, Lev 25:28 and therefore shewed an unbounded avarice, if not impiety in the king; for as, by means of the incorporation of the religious and civil societies which was the consequence of a theocracy, religious matters came under a civil consideration; so likewise civil matters came under the religious. See Div. Leg. vol. 4: Houbigant remarks, that Naboth very properly urges a religious motive; for it was part of his religion not to alienate a paternal inheritance, unless through poverty or necessity. They were to have the same sentiments concerning each particular inheritance, as concerning the possession of the land of Canaan itself; which contained the pledge of the divine promises of a better covenant. Besides, Naboth knew that his vineyard, if possessed by kings, would not return to him at the jubilee. So that he is not to be blamed for refusing a condition which would have been most dishonourable to any private man. Note; When we must offend God or man, there can need no hesitation to determine which.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
1Ki 21:3 And Naboth said to Ahab, The LORD forbid it me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee.
Ver. 3. The Lord forbid it me. ] The Lord had indeed forbidden it him. Lev 25:23 Num 36:7 Eze 46:18 And hence his loathness; for he feared God in that corrupt time, and this made him a martyr; and for this his blood cried the louder against Ahab and Jezebel.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
the inheritance of my fathers. Naboth respected the Law of God (Lev 25:23. Num 36:7, Num 36:8).
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
The Lord: Gen 44:7, Gen 44:17, Jos 22:29, Jos 24:16, 1Sa 12:23, 1Sa 24:6, 1Sa 26:9-11, 1Ch 11:19, Job 27:5, Rom 3:4, Rom 3:6, Rom 3:31, Rom 6:2, Rom 6:15, Rom 7:7, Rom 7:13, 1Co 6:15, Gal 6:14
I should give: Lev 25:23, Num 36:7, Eze 46:18
Reciprocal: 2Sa 23:17 – Be it far 1Ki 21:4 – I will not 1Ki 21:6 – I will not give