The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.
8, 9 (= Gen 10:6-7). The Sons of Ham
8. The sons of Ham ] Passing over for the present the Central “zone,” the writer now describes the Southern.
Cush ] The Heb. name here transliterated Cush is several times translated “Ethiopia” (e.g. 2Ki 19:9; Isa 18:1) no doubt rightly. On the inscriptions of Assur-bani-pal frequent mention is made of Ku-su (Ku-u-su) “Ethiopia” in connexion with Mu-ur “Egypt.” The Cushites were not Negroes but a brown race like the modern Nubians (Soudanese).
Mizraim ] is without doubt Egypt. In form the word seems to be dual, and it is generally said to mean the two Egypts, Upper and Lower. A singular “Mzr” is translated “Egypt” In 2Ki 19:24 (R.V.). Neither form is the native name of the kingdom.
Put ] In Gen 10:6 “Phut” (R.V. Put). This people is mentioned among the helpers of Egypt in Jer., in Ezek. (twice) and in Nahum; “the Libyans” A.V. In Eze 27:10 it appears among the auxiliary troops of Tyre; “Phut” A.V. In all these passages R.V. has “Put.” “Put” is probably the Punt of the Egyptian monuments, i.e. the Somali coast with the parts of the coast of Arabia nearest to it.
Canaan ] In Gen 9:25-27 “Canaan” is not the son of Ham, but takes Ham’s place among the sons of Noah. Canaan (“lowland”) is applied to the whole country W. of Jordan including the Hill Country of Judah and Ephraim, but perhaps the name was originally given to the sea-coast only. This coastland (including both Philistia and Phnicia) had close political connexions with Egypt, being indeed Egypt’s highway to the E., and hence Canaan is described as the brother of Mizraim, although no near ethnological relationship existed between the mass of the population of Canaan and the Egyptians.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Verse 8. The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim] “Arabia and Egypt.” – T.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
[See comments on 1Ch 1:5]
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
THE SONS OF HAM, THE DARK-SKINNED OR SWARTHY (1Ch. 1:8-16).
(8) Cush.The Greek Mero, Assyrian Miluhha, or Ksu, south of Egypt, in our Bibles often called Ethiopia (Isa. 19:1). The Arabic gives Habesh, i.e., Ethiopia.
Mizraim.The common Hebrew name of Egypt: strictly, the two Mirsi.e., Upper and Lower Egypt. But the name should rather be spelt Mizrimthe Egyptians; the form Mizraim being probably a mere fancy of the Jewish punctuators. The Assyrians wrote Muum, Muru, Muur. The Inscription of Darius has Miir. Mar was the name of the wall which protected Egypt on the north-east. Hence it gave its name to the whole of Lower Egypt.Cush and Muur are coupled together in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon and his son Assurbanipal.
Put.Perhaps the Egyptian Punt, on the east coast of Africa. King Darius mentioned Pta and Ksu as subject to him (Behist, Inscr.). Comp. Nah. 3:9; Jer. 46:9; Eze. 30:5. The Arabic has Kibtu, i.e., Coptland.
Canaan.There are many proofs of an early connection between Egypt and Canaan. The Philistines were colonists from the Delta (1Ch. 1:12), and Ramses II. (cir. 1350 or 1450 B.C. ) had wars and made alliance with the Hittites.
(9) Seba.Capital of Mero. The other names represent Arabian tribes and their districts.
Sheba.The famous Sabaeans, whose language, the Himyaritic, has quite recently been deciphered from inscriptions.
(10) Cush begat Nimrod.Micah (Mic. 5:6) speaks of the land of Nimrod in connection with the land of Asshur. The land of Nimrod is plainly Babylonia; and some have supposed the primitive inhabitants of Babyloniathe black-headed race (zalmat qayqadi) as they styled themselvesto have been akin to the peoples of Muur and Cush. At all events, Cush in this table of races appears as father of a series of mixed populations, ramifying from the north-west of the Persian Gulf in a southernly direction to the coast of Arabia. The Asiatic Cush represents that primitive Elamitic Sumerian race which occupied the north-west and north coast of the Persian Gulf; or rather that portion of it which attained to empire in Babylonia.
The name Nimrod appears to be identical with Merodach, the Accadian Amar-utu, or Amar-utuki, Assyrian Maruduk. Merodach was the tutelar deity of Babylon, as Asshur was of Assyria; and many Babylonian sovereigns bore his name. (Comp. Merodach-baladan, Isa. 39:1.)
He began to be.He was the first to become. Tradition made Nimrod the first founder of a great Oriental empire. The statement about his four cities (Gen. 10:10), the first of which was Babel (Babylon), is omitted here.
Mighty.Literally, a hero, warrior (gibbr); a title of Merodach.
(11, 12) The names in these verses are all in the masculine plural, and obviously designate nations. Mizraim, the two Egypts, is said to have begotten the chief races inhabiting those regionsa common Oriental metaphor. The Ludim are the Ludu, or Rudu, of the hieroglyphs (Prof. Sayce thinks, the Lydian mercenaries of the Egyptian sovereigns); the Anamim are perhaps the men of An (On, Gen. 41:50), Lehabim, the Lybians. The Naphtuhim seem to get their name from Noph, i.e., Memphis, and the god Ptah. Perhaps, however, the name is to be recognised in the town Napata.
(12) Pathrusim.The men of the south (Egyptian, pe-ta-res, the southland), or Upper Egypt.
Casluhim . . . Caphthorim.The men of Kaftra, or the Delta. (See Amo. 9:7 : Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Mizraim? and the Philistines from Caphtor? and comp. Deu. 2:23.) The Caluhim may have been a leading division of the Caphthorim.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
The genealogy of Ham is also introduced before that of Shem, that, perhaps, the sacred Writer having dispatched the two sons of Noah and their race, from whom the Messiah was not to spring, he might carry on the genealogy in the line of Shem, the other son of Noah, from whom after the flesh the Messiah was to spring.
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Cush. Recent discoveries at Pterium, in Cappadocia, show that the Babylonians called Cappadocia Kus. The great king of the Hittites had his palace there, and was called “king of Kus”. The river Gihon (classic, Pijramus) flows into the Mediterranean. Compare Gen 10:6, Gen 10:7. Isa 11:11.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
1Ch 1:8-16
1Ch 1:8-16
“The sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. And the sons of Cush: Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Ratama, and Sabteca. And Cush begat Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one in the earth. And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Naphtuhim, and Pathrusim, and Casluhim (from whence came the Philistines), and Caphtorim. And Canaan begat Sidon his first-born, and Heth, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashaite, and the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, and the Arvadite, and the Zimarite, and the Hamathite.”
E.M. Zerr:
1Ch 1:8-16. The inferior nations came from Ham, and some of the most noted ones will be identified in this paragraph. Cush originated the Ethiopians, the Canaanites and Philistines. Nimrod began to be mighty. A more specific reference to his power is given in Gen 10:10 where he is connected with the kingdom of Babylon. The several “ites” of the Bible history are shown to have originated with Canaan, son of Ham.
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
sons: Gen 10:6, Gen 10:7
Put: Gen 10:6, Phut
Reciprocal: Gen 9:22 – Ham Eze 27:10 – of Lud Eze 38:5 – Libya Nah 3:9 – Put