Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Chronicles 3:10
And Solomon’s son [was] Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,
10. Abia ] R.V. Abijah, as in 2Ch 13:1 ff. He is called Abijam in 1Ki 14:31; 1Ki 15:1 ff. Abia is the Greek form of the name; Mat 1:7 (A.V.).
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
10 16. The Line of Davidic Kings
Two things are to be noted in this list: (1) Johanan’s name is given in 1Ch 3:15, though he was never king, (2) Zedekiah’s name appears to be twice given, once among the sons of Josiah (1Ch 3:15) and again in his place according to the succession (1Ch 3:16).
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Abia – Rather, Abijah, as in 2 Chr. 1114, where the Hebrew word is exactly the same.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
10. Solomon’s son was Rehoboam,&c.David’s line is here drawn down to the captivity, through asuccession of good and bad, but still influential and celebrated,monarchs. It has rarely happened that a crown has been transmittedfrom father to son, in lineal descent, for seventeen reigns. But thiswas the promised reward of David’s piety. There is, indeed,observable some vacillation towards the close of this periodthecrown passing from one brother to another, an even from uncle tonephewa sure sign of disorderly times and a disjointed government.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Ver. 10-14. And Solomon’s son was Rehoboam,…. From hence to the end of the fourteenth verse, David’s successors are reckoned, according to the order of their reign, unto Josiah and his sons:
Solomon, Rehoboam, Abia, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Joram, Ahaziah, Joash, Amaziah, Azariah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Amon, Josiah, in all sixteen.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
The kings of the house of David from Solomon till the exile. – Until Josiah the individual kings are mentioned in their order, each with the addition , son of the preceding, 1Ch 3:10-14; the only omission being that of the usurper Athaliah, because she did not belong to the posterity of David. But in 1Ch 3:15 four sons of Josiah are mentioned, not “in order to allow of a halt in the long line of David’s descendants after Josiah the great reformer” (Berth.), but because with Josiah the regular succession to the throne in the house of David ceased. For the younger son Jehoahaz, who was made king after his father’s death by the people, was soon dethroned by Pharaoh-Necho, and led away captive to Egypt; and of the other sons Jehoiakim was set up by Pharaoh, and Zedekiah by Nebuchadnezzar, so that both were only vassals of heathen lords of the land, and the independent kingship of David came properly to an end with the death of Josiah. Johanan, the first-born of the sons of Josiah, is not to be identified with Jehoahaz, whom the people raised to the throne. For, in the first place, it appears from the statement as to the ages of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim in 2Ki 23:31, 2Ki 23:36; 2Ch 36:2, 2Ch 36:5, that Jehoahaz was two years younger than Jehoiakim, and consequently was not the first-born. In Jer 22:11 it is expressly declared that Shallum, the fourth son of Josiah, was king of Judah instead of his father, and was led away into captivity, and never saw his native land again, as history narrates of Jehoahaz. From this it would appear that Shallum took, as king, the name Jehoahaz. Johanan, the first-born, is not met with again in history, either because he died early, or because nothing remarkable could be told of him. Jehoiakim was called Eliakim before he was raised to the throne (2Ki 23:24). Zedekiah was at first Mattaniah (2Ki 24:17). Zedekiah, on his ascending the throne, was younger than Shallum, and that event occurred eleven years after the accession of Shallum = Jehoahaz. Zedekiah was only twenty-one years old, while Jehoahaz had become king in his twenty-third year. But in our genealogy Zedekiah is introduced after Jehoiakim, and before Shallum, because, on the one hand, Jehoiakim and Zedekiah had occupied the throne for a longer period, each having been eleven years king; and on the other, Zedekiah and Shallum were sons of Hamutal (2Ki 23:31; 2Ki 24:18), while Jehoiakim was the son of Zebudah (2Ki 23:36). According to age, they should have followed each other in this order – Johanan, Jehoiakim, Shallum, and Zedekiah; and in respect to their kingship, Shallum should have stood before Jehoiakim. But in both cases those born of the same mother, Hamutal, would have been separated. To avoid this, apparently, Shallum has been enumerated in the fourth place, along with his full brother Zedekiah. In 1Ch 3:6 it is remarkable that a son of Jehoiakim’s son Jeconiah is mentioned, named Zedekiah, while the sons of Jeconiah follow only in 1Ch 3:17 and 1Ch 3:18. Jeconiah (cf. Jer 24:1; shortened Coniah, Jer 22:24, Jer 22:28, and Jer 37:1) is called, as kings, in 2Ki 24:8. and 2Ch 36:9, Jehoiachin, another form of the name, but having the same signification, “Jahve founds or establishes.” Zedekiah can only be a son of Jeconiah, for the which is added constantly denotes that the person so called is the son of his predecessor. Many commentators, certainly, were of opinion that Zedekiah was the same person as the brother of Jehoiakim mentioned in 1Ch 3:15 under the name Zidkijahu, and who is here introduced as son of Jeconiah, because he was the successor of Jeconiah on the throne. For this view support was sought in a reference to 1Ch 3:10., in which all Solomon’s successors in the kingship are enumerated in order with . But all the kings who succeeded each other from Solomon to Josiah were also, without exception, sons of their predecessors; so that there throughout denotes a proper son, while King Zedekiah, on the contrary, was not the son, but an uncle of Jeconiah (Jehoiachin). We must therefore hold for a literal son of Jeconiah, and that so much the more, because the name differs also from , as the name of the king is constantly written in 2Ki 24:17. and in 2Ch 36:10. But mention is made of this Zedekiah in 1Ch 3:16 apart from the other sons of Jeconiah (1Ch 3:17 and 1Ch 3:18), perhaps because he was not led away captive into exile with the others, but died in Judah before the breaking up of the kingdom.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
10 And Solomon’s son was Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son, 11 Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son, 12 Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son, 13 Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son, 14 Amon his son, Josiah his son. 15 And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. 16 And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. 17 And the sons of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son, 18 Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. 19 And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei: and the sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister: 20 And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five. 21 And the sons of Hananiah; Pelatiah, and Jesaiah: the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shechaniah. 22 And the sons of Shechaniah; Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; Hattush, and Igeal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six. 23 And the sons of Neariah; Elioenai, and Hezekiah, and Azrikam, three. 24 And the sons of Elioenai were, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Dalaiah, and Anani, seven.
David having nineteen sons, we may suppose them to have raised many noble families in Israel whom we never hear of in the history. But the scripture gives us an account only of the descendants of Solomon here, and of Nathan, Luke iii. The rest had the honour to be the sons of David; but these only had the honour to be related to the Messiah. The sons of Nathan were his fathers as man, the sons of Solomon his predecessors as king. We have here, 1. The great and celebrated names by which the line of David is drawn down to the captivity, the kings of Judah in a lineal succession, the history of whom we have had at large in the two books of Kings and shall meet with again in the second book of Chronicles. Seldom has a crown gone in a direct line from father to son for seventeen descents together, as here. This was the recompence of David’s piety. About the time of the captivity the lineal descent was interrupted, and the crown went from one brother to another and from a nephew to an uncle, which was a presage of the eclipsing of the glory of that house. 2. The less famous, and most of them very obscure, names, in which the house of David subsisted after the captivity. The only famous man of that house that we meet with at their return from captivity was Zerubbabel, elsewhere called the son of Salathiel, but appearing here to be his grandson (v. 17-19), which is usual in scripture. Belshazzar is called Nebuchadnezzar’s son, but was his grandson. Salathiel is said to be the son of Jeconiah because adopted by him, and because, as some think, he succeeded him in the dignity to which he was restored by Evil-merodach. Otherwise Jeconiah was written childless: he was the signet God plucked from his right hand (Jer. xxii. 24), and in his room Zerubbabel was placed, and therefore God saith to him (Hag. ii. 23), I will make thee as a signet. The posterity of Zerubbabel here bear not the same names that they do in the genealogies (Mat 1:1-17; Luk 3:23-38), but those no doubt were taken from the then herald’s office, the public registers which the priests kept of all the families of Judah, especially that of David. The last person named in this chapter is Anani, of whom bishop Patrick says that the Targum adds these words, He is the king Messiah, who is to be revealed, and some of the Jewish writers give this reason, because it is said (Dan. vii. 13), the son of man came gnim gnanani–with the clouds of heaven. The reason indeed is very foreign and far-fetched; but that learned man thinks it may be made use of as an evidence that their minds were always full of the thoughts of the Messiah and that they expected it would not be very long after the days of Zerubbabel before the set time of his approach would come.
Fuente: Matthew Henry’s Whole Bible Commentary
Solomon’s Line, Verses 10-24
The time of the kings is given next, from Solomon to the sons of Josiah, then on to the time of writing of the Chronicles. All the kings of Judah in their order are enumerated to Josiah. Four of Josiah’s sons are named, two sons of Jehoiakim, then eight sons of Jeconiah (or Jehoiachin as he is also called). These are the generations at the fall of Jerusalem to Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of the exile in Babylon.
The line continues through Jeconiah’s son Pedaiah and his son, Zerubbabel. Zerubbabel is the Jewish prince who returned to Jerusalem with the remnant following the seventy years captivity (Ezr 2:2). Two sons and a daughter of Zerubbabel are named, then five more said to be his sons also. His son Hananiah continued the line, after the naming of whose sons the account becomes somewhat confusing, and it is difficult to ascertain how many generations are covered (see verse 21). The line continues with Shechaniah, through Shemaiah, then Neariah, ending with Elioenai and his seven sons.
It is interesting to note that there were eighteen generations from Soloman to Jeconiah, then at least eight more to the time of the compilation of the Chronicles. The problem of definite determination again is the result of properly understanding verse 21, which may refer to as many as two or three other generations. The main purpose appears to have been to show the distinction of David’s line right on through the exile and return of the Jews.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
II.The kings of the house of David, as otherwise known from the books of Kings (1Ch. 3:10-16).
(10) Rehoboam.So LXX. . Heb., Rhab-m (the Kinsman, i.e., God hath enlarged).
Abia.LXX., ; Heb., Abyh (Iah is father), of which Abijam (Abym) is a mimmated form.
Asa.Healer.
Jehoshaphat.Iahweh judgeth.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
The register from Solomon is here made in a correct succession, even to the time beyond the captivity. And it is remarkable how long, David’s race, the sceptre continued in his family. It was broken in upon, indeed, at the captivity; but I believe not before seventeen kings had sprung from him in a regular succession from father to son. The childish tradition of the Jews, that Anani, which is the last-mentioned name in this Chapter, meant the king Messiah, because the Prophet Daniel hath a similar expression when he saith, one like the Son of Man came in Anani (the clouds of heaven) Dan 7:13 , I should not have noticed, but with this view, only to show how much alive the Jews were in all ages of the church to the expectation of this king Messiah. And as this Anani was after the period of the captivity, doth it not imply that then it was the Jews looked for the coming of the Lord Jesus? Alas! what blindness must have happened to Israel, in rejecting the Lord of life and glory. Reader! what a sweet thought is that, when Jesus came unto his own, and his own received him not; to as many as received him (mark that, for doth it not include both Writer and Reader?) gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name. And pray observe further; which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of flesh, nor of the will of man but of God. Precious, precious consideration to every true believer in Christ. Surely, Reader! if the Lord hath given to you and to me to believe in his dear name, we may by happy faith say as the disciple did for himself and his few faithful brethren; The word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, and we have beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father full of grace and truth. Joh 1:11-14 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
1Ch 3:10 And Solomon’s son [was] Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son,
Ver. 10. Abia his son, Asa his son. ] These Books of Chronicles pursue the genealogy and history of the kings of Judah only: and yet are more sparing in relating the sins of David and Solomon. Those things which are here set down in this chapter were chiefly written in reference to the genealogy of Christ.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
1Ch 3:10-24
1Ch 3:10-24
“And Solomon’s son was Rehoboam, Abijah his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son, Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son, Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son, Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son, Amon his son, Josiah his son. And the sons of Josiah: the first-born Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. And the sons of Jeconiah, the captive: Shealtiel his son, and Malchiram, and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. And the sons of Pedaiah: Zerubbabel, and Shimei. And the sons of Zerubbabel: Meshullam and Hananiah; and Shelomith was their sister; and Ashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasachiah, and Jushab-hesed. And the sons of Hananiah: Pelatiah, and Jeshaiah; the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shecaniah. And the sons of Shecaniah: Shemaiah. And the sons of Shemaiah: Hattash, and Igal, amd Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six. And the sons of Neariah: Elioenai, and Hizkiah, and Azrikam, three. And the sons of Elioenai: Hodaviah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Delaiah, and Anani, seven.”
“Bathshua” (1Ch 3:5). This is obviously just another name for Bathsheba. The Septuagint (LXX) and the Vulgate render the word Bathsheba. Elmslie noted that, “This name is only a variant of the name Bathsheba.” Judging from the order of Bathsheba’s sons as listed here, Solomon was the youngest; and one may wonder if David selected him because he himself was the youngest of Jesse’s sons.
The appearance in this chapter of two sons of David named Elishama and two named Eliphelet was explained by Cook as, “Due to a corruption of the text in the first Elishama and to a confusion of the first Eliphelet with Elpelet (1Ch 14:5).” The real marvel is that there are so few such problems in lists which are as old as these. Perhaps an even better explanation is that of DeHoff: “It is generally supposed that the first two of those named Elishama and Eliphelet died in infancy and that the names were repeated for children born later.”
“And the sons of Shemaiah” (1Ch 3:22). These five words are the second phrase in 1Ch 3:22; and they apparently interrupt the enumeration of Shecaniah’s six sons. Elmslie stated that they should be omitted. Shemaiah would then be properly numbered among Shecaniah’s six sons.
“Most of these genealogies are incomplete with many breaks in the lists; but the main line is there.” The line of the Davidic dynasty as well as other significant genealogies pertaining to the religious history of Israel, is here. “These genealogies are thundering proof that the Bible is history and not myth or legend.”
E.M. Zerr:
1Ch 3:10-16 – I have made one group of these verses because of the interesting facts that they contain the complete blood line from Solomon to the end of the kingly descendants of Judah- It is a coincidence of interest that the same men who were in the pedigree through that period were also the kings of Judah, Zedekiah being the last man of the line ever to occupy a temporal throne- 1Ch 3:15 shows a break in the line as regards proper succession. Instead of the line running successively from father to son, etc-, three of the sons of Josiah occupied the throne. The transactions of this irregular arrangement are shown in the last chapter of 2 Kings.
1Ch 3:17-24. The account of activities of the people had to be made by the inspired men during the period covered by this paragraph, because they were in captivity in Babylon. Only a part of the line is shown here; for fuller information see Mat 1:11-16 and Luk 3:24-27 – Jeconiah is called also Coniah and Jehoiachin..
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
Rehoboam: 1Ki 11:43, 1Ki 14:31, 1Ki 15:6, Mat 1:7, Roboam
Abia: 1Ki 15:1, Abijam, 2Ch 13:1, Abijah
Asa: 1Ki 15:8, 2Ch 14:1
Jehoshaphat: 1Ki 15:24, 2Ch 17:1, Mat 1:8, Josaphat
Reciprocal: 1Ki 22:41 – Jehoshaphat 2Ch 10:1 – Rehoboam 2Ch 12:16 – Abijah