Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Timothy 1:10
For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine;
10. whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind ] breakers of the seventh commandment.
menstealers ] breakers of the eighth commandment, the grossest theft; punishable with death, Exo 21:16, by the Mosaic code, as also among the Greeks.
perjured persons] breakers of the ninth commandment. Cf. Lev 19:12.
and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine ] breakers of the tenth commandment as an inclusive summary embracing all sides and all aspects of each part of the duty to one’s neighbour, ‘not to covet nor desire other men’s goods, but to learn and labour truly to get mine own living and to do my duty.’ The mode of expression and the use of the particle are quite St Paul’s; cf. Rom 13:9, ‘and if there be any other commandment,’ Php 4:8, ‘if there be any virtue and any praise.’
sound doctrine ] With R.V. render the sound doctrine. The word for ‘doctrine’ occurs 15 times in these epistles, against seven times in the rest of the N. T.; a mark that the original simple concrete word ‘teaching’ is gradually becoming the settled abstract term ‘doctrine.’ But it is still too soon for the idea of this general abstraction which is conveyed to our mind by the phrase ‘sound doctrine.’ The insertion of the article (according to the Greek) gives us just an English equivalent of the middle stage which the phrase has reached.
The nearest to the use of the Past. Epp. is Eph 4:14, where we ought to read ‘every wind of the doctrine,’ the article referring to all the work of apostles, prophets, evangelists and teachers just spoken of.
sound ] ‘healthful,’ an epithet occurring with ‘doctrine’ or ‘words’ six times in these epistles and nowhere else; in contrast to a different form of error from any previously described, ‘the sickly (ch. 1Ti 6:4) and morbid (2Ti 2:17) teaching of Jewish gnosis,’ Ellicott.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
For whoremongers – Lev 19:29; Lev 20:5.
For them that defile themselves with mankind – Sodomites. See the evidence that this crime abounded in ancient times, in the notes on Rom 1:27. It was forbidden by the law of Moses, and was punishable with death; Lev 20:13.
For menstealers – The word here used – andrapodistes – occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. It properly means one who steals another for the purpose of making him a slave – a kidnapper. This is the common way in which people are made slaves. Some, indeed, are taken in war and sold as slaves, but the mass of those who have been reduced to servitude have become slaves by being kidnapped. Children are stolen from their parents, or wives from their husbands, or husbands from their wives, or parents from their children, or whole families are stolen together. None become slaves voluntarily, and consequently the whole process of making slaves partakes of the nature of theft of the worst kind. What theft is like that of stealing a mans children, or his wife, or his father or mother? The guilt of manstealing is incurred essentially by those who purchase those who are thus stolen – as the purchaser of a stolen horse, knowing it to be so, participates in the crime. A measure of that criminality also adheres to all who own slaves, and who thus maintain the system – for it is a system known to have been originated by theft. This crime was expressly forbidden by the law of God, and was made punishable with death; Exo 21:16; Deu 24:7.
For liars – Lev 6:2-4; Lev 19:11.
For perjured persons – Those who swear falsely; Lev 19:12; Lev 6:3; Exo 20:7.
And if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine – To sound or correct teaching – for so the word doctrine means. The meaning is, if there is anything else that is opposed to the instruction which the law of God gives.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 10. For whoremongers] . Adulterers, fornicators, and prostitutes of all sorts.
Them that defile themselves with mankind] . From , a male, and , a bed; a word too bad to be explained. A sodomite.
Men-stealers] . Slave-dealers; whether those who carry on the traffic in human flesh and blood; or those who steal a person in order to sell him into bondage; or those who buy such stolen men or women, no matter of what colour or what country; or those who sow dissensions among barbarous tribes in order that they who are taken in war may be sold into slavery; or the nations who legalize or connive at such traffic: all these are men-stealers, and God classes them with the most flagitious of mortals.
For liars] . They who speak for truth what they know to be false; and even they who tell the truth in such a way as to lead others to draw a contrary meaning from it.
For perjured persons] . From , against, and , an oath; such as do or leave undone any thing contrary to an oath or moral engagement, whether that engagement be made by what is called swearing, or by an affirmation or promise of any kind.
And if there be any other thing] Every species of vice and immorality, all must be necessarily included, that is contrary to sound doctrine-to the immutable moral law of God, as well as to the pure precepts of Christianity where that law is incorporated, explained, and rendered, if possible, more and more binding.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
The two next terms express violaters of the seventh commandment, whether by fornication, adultery, incest, sodomy, or any beastly lusts.
Men-stealers; the word signifieth such as carry men into captivity, or make slaves of them in the first place; it signifies also any stealing of men. It is probable the first of these is the man-stealing principally intended, being the most common sin by pirates at sea, and soldiers at land; yet not excluding any other stealing of men from their relations, which he instanceth in, as one of the highest violations of the eighth commandment. By
liars he meaneth such as knowingly speak what is false, especially to the prejudice of others. By
perjured persons he means such as swear falsely. And cause it would be too long to reckon up all kinds of sinners, he comprehends them all in a general phrase, and if there
be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine, that is, the holy and pure truth of God, that is not corrupted, but judges aright of good and evil: for these he saith the law is made, that is, to deter from such crimes, or to condenm for them; but not to terrify such who either never were guilty of such flagitious crimes, or if they have been guilty, yet are now washed, and sanctified, and justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of God, as the apostle speaks, 1Co 6:11. The law (as the apostle here saith) was never made to terrify, or to condemn and affright, these, for, Rom 8:1; There is no condemnation to those that are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
10. whoremongers, c.sinnersagainst the seventh commandment.
men-stealersthat is,slave dealers. The most heinous offense against the eighthcommandment. No stealing of a man’s goods can equal in atrocity thestealing of a man’s liberty. Slavery is not directly assailed in theNew Testament to have done so would have been to revolutionizeviolently the existing order of things. But Christianity teachesprinciples sure to undermine, and at last overthrow it, whereverChristianity has had its natural development (Mt7:12).
liars . . .perjuredoffenders against the ninth commandment.
if there be any otherthinganswering to the tenth commandment in its widest aspect.He does not particularly specify it because his object is to bringout the grosser forms of transgression; whereas the tenth isdeeply spiritual, so much so indeed, that it was by it that the senseof sin, in its subtlest form of “lust,” Paul tells us (Ro7:7), was brought home to his own conscience. Thus, Paul argues,these would-be teachers of the law, while boasting of a higherperfection through it, really bring themselves down from the Gospelelevation to the level of the grossly “lawless,” for whom,not for Gospel believers, the law was designed. And in actualpractice the greatest sticklers for the law as the means of moralperfection, as in this case, are those ultimately liable to fallutterly from the morality of the law. Gospel grace is the only truemeans of sanctification as well as of justification.
soundhealthy,spiritually wholesome (1Ti 6:3;2Ti 1:13; Tit 1:13;Tit 2:2), as opposed to sickly,morbid (as the Greek of “doting” means, 1Ti6:4), and “canker” (2Ti2:17). “The doctrine,” or “teaching, which isaccording to godliness” (1Ti6:3).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
For whoremongers,…. Fornicators and adulterers, who were transgressors of the seventh command, Ex 20:14 these God will judge, and such shall have their portion in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone:
for them that defile themselves with mankind; who are guilty of sodomy; such, according to the law, were to die, Le 18:22 the wrath of God was revealed from heaven in a very visible and remarkable manner against this abomination, by raining fire and brimstone upon Sodom and Gomorrah, and upon the cities of the plain, who defiled themselves in this way:
for men stealers; who decoyed servants or free men, and stole them away, and sold them for slaves; see the laws against this practice, and the punishment such were liable to, in Ex 21:16. This practice was condemned by the Flavian law among the Romans i, and was not allowed of among the Grecians k; the death with which such were punished was strangling, according to the Jews l:
for liars; who speak what is false, against their own knowledge and conscience, and with a design to deceive; who lie against their neighbours, and act falsely and deceitfully in trade and merchandise, as well as speak that which is not true; see Le 6:2
for perjured persons; who take a false oath on any account, and bear false witness against their neighbour. Now upon, and against all, and each of these, the law lies, as an accusing, threatening, and cursing law:
and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; the law lies against it, takes notice of it, charges with it, condemns and punishes for it: by “sound doctrine” is meant the doctrine of the Gospel, which is in itself pure and incorrupt, and is the cause of soundness and health to others; it is health to the navel, and marrow to the bones; its doctrines are the wholesome words of Christ, and by them souls are nourished up unto eternal life; when the errors and heresies of men are in themselves rotten and corrupt, and also eat as do a canker. Here it may be observed, that there is an entire harmony and agreement between the Gospel and the law, rightly understood and used; what is contrary to the one, is also to the other; the Gospel no more countenances sin than the law does; and whatever is repugnant to the Gospel is liable to be punished by the law.
i Pompon. Laetus de Leg. Rom. p. 154. k Philostrat. Vit. Apollon. l. 8. c. 3. l Misna Sanhedria, c. 10. sect. 1. & Maimon. Hilch. Geniba, c. 9. sect. 1.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
For abusers of themselves with men (). Late compound for sodomites. In N.T. only here and 1Co 6:9.
Men-stealers (). Old word from (from , man, , foot, to catch by the foot), to enslave. So enslavers, whether kidnappers (men-stealers) of free men or stealers of the slaves of other men. So slave-dealers. By the use of this word Paul deals a blow at the slave-trade (cf. Philemon).
Liars (). Old word, see Ro 3:4.
False swearers (). Old word (, , oath). Perjurers. Only here in N.T. For similar lists, see 1Cor 5:11; 1Cor 6:9; Gal 5:19; Rom 1:28; Rom 13:13; Col 3:5; Eph 5:5; 2Tim 3:2.
The sound doctrine ( ). Dative case after , for which verb see Ga 5:17 for the conflict between the Spirit and the flesh. “The healthful (, old word for being well, as Luke 5:31; 3John 1:2, in figurative sense in N.T. only in the Pastorals) teaching.” See Titus 1:9; 2Tim 4:3.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
Them that defile themselves with mankind [] . Only here and 1Co 6:9. o LXX, o Class.
Menstealers [] . N. T. o. Once in LXX Ellicott remarks that this is a repulsive and exaggerated violation of the eighth commandment, as ajrsenokoitein is of the seventh. The penalty of death is attached to it, Exo 21:16.
Perjured persons [] . N. T. o. Once in LXX, Zec 5:3. See Lev 19:12.
Is contrary to [] . Lit. Lies opposite to. Used by Paul and Luke. See Luk 13:17; Gal 5:17.
The sound doctrine [ ] . A phrase peculiar to the Pastorals. Ugiainein to be in good health, Luk 5:31; Luk 7:10; 3 James
1Ti 1:2o P. Quite frequent in LXX, and invariably in the literal sense. Often in salutations or dismissals. See 2 Macc 110; 9 19; 2Sa 14:8; Exo 4:18. In the Pastorals, the verb, which occurs eight times, is six times associated with didaskalia teaching, or logoi words, and twice with ejn th pistei or th pistei in the faith. The sound teaching (comp. didach teaching, 2Ti 4:2; Tit 1:9) which is thus commended is Paul ‘s, who teaches in Christ ‘s name and by his authority (2Ti 1:13; 2Ti 2:2, 8). In all the three letters it is called ajlh. qeia or hJ ajlhqeia the truth, the knowledge [] of which is bound up with salvation. See 1Ti 2:4; 2Ti 2:25; 2Ti 3:7; Tit 1:1. As truth it is sound or healthful. It is the object of faith. To be sound in the faith is, practically, to follow [] sound teaching or the truth. The subjective characteristic of Christians is eujsebeia or qeosebeia godliness or piety 1Ti 2:2, 10; 1Ti 3:16; 1Ti 4:7, 8; 1Ti 6:6, 11); and the teaching and knowledge of the truth are represented as kat’ eujsebeian according to godliness 1Ti 6:3; Tit 1:1). Comp. eujsebein to show piety, 1Ti 5:4. eujsebwv zhn to live godly, 2Ti 3:12; Tit 2:12; and bion diagein ejn pash eujsebeia to lead a life in all godliness, 1Ti 2:2. The contents of this sound teaching which is according to godliness are not theoretical or dogmatic truth, but Christian ethics, with faith and love. See 1Ti 1:14; 1Ti 2:15; 1Ti 4:12; 1Ti 6:11; 2Ti 1:13; 2Ti 3:10; Tit 2:2. Alhqeia truth is used of moral things, rather than in the high religious sense of Paul. Comp., for instance, Rom 3:7; Rom 9:1; 1Co 5:8; 2Co 4:2; 2Co 11:10; Gal 2:5; Eph 4:21, 24; and 2Ti 2:25, 26; 2Ti 3:7 (comp. 2Ti 5:1 – xciv. 3, 4; Tit 1:12 (comp. Tit 5:11, 15); Tit 2:4 (comp. 5 1, 3); Tit 3:1. Whoever grasps the truth has faith 2Ti 1:13; 2Ti 2:18; 2Ti 3:8; Tit 1:3 f.). That the ethical character of faith is emphasized, appears from the numerous expressions regarding the false teachers, as 1Ti 1:19; 1Ti 4:1; 1Ti 5:8, 12; 1Ti 6:10, 21. There is a tendency to objectify faith, regarding it as something believed rather than as the act of believing. See 1Ti 1:19; 1Ti 4:1; 1Ti 6:10, 21; Tit 1:4. In comparing the ideal of righteousness ver. 9) with that of Paul, note that it is not denied that Christ is the source of true righteousness; but according to Paul, the man who is not under the law is the man who lives by faith in Christ. Paul emphasizes this. It is faith in Christ which sets one free from the law. Here, the man for whom the law is not made (ver. 9) is the man who is ethically conformed to the norm of sound teaching. The two conceptions do not exclude each other : the sound teaching is according to the gospel (ver. 11), but the point of emphasis is shifted.
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament
1) “For whoremongers,” (pornois) “For fornicators,” those guilty of illicit sex relations.
2) “For them that defile themselves with mankind,” (arsenokaitais) “For human arsonists who exploit men and women for their own selfish sexual gratification, inclusive of all forms of improper and illicit sexual relations.
3) “For menstealers, for liars,” (andrapodistais pseustais) “For menstealers (kidnappers) and for liars.”
4) “For perjured persons,” (epioukois) “For perjurers,” one who tells the same thing in contradictory ways, so that at least one of the accounts is a lie.
5) “And if there be any other thing” (kai ei ti heteron) “And if there be any other kind of class of lawlessness.” Having itemized eleven things of lawless and arrogant acts of human sin Paul added that the Law was given to restrain them, too.
6) “That is contrary to sound doctrine;” (te hugiainouse didaskalia antikeitai) “That opposes healthful (wholesome) teaching or sound doctrine.” Thus the “Law was added because of transgression,” Gal 3:19; Rom 5:20; Rom 7:7; Rom 7:13.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
10 For robbers The Latin word plagium was employed by ancient writers to denote the carrying off or enticing the slave of another man, or the false sale of a freeman. Those who wish to obtain more full information on this subject may consult authors on the civil law, and especially on the Flavian Law.
Here Paul glances at several classes, which include briefly every kind of transgressions. The root is obstinacy and rebellion; which he describes by the first two words. Ungodly and sinners appear to denote transgressors of the first and second table. To these he adds the profane and impure, or those who lead a base and dissolute life. There being chiefly three ways in which men injure their neighbors, namely, violence, dishonesty, and lust, he reproves successively those three ways, as may be easily seen. First, he speaks of violence as manifested by manslayers and murderers of parents; secondly, he describes shameful uncleanness; and thirdly, he comes down to dishonesty and other crimes.
If there is anything else that is contrary to sound doctrine In this clause he maintains that his gospel is so far from being opposed to the law, that it is a powerful confirmation of it. He declares that by his preaching, he supports that very sentence which the Lord pronounced in his law, against “everything that is contrary to sound doctrine.” Hence it follows, that they who depart from the gospel, do not adhere to the spirit of the law, but merely pursue its shadow.
Sound doctrine is contrasted with frivolous questions about which he says (1Ti 6:3) that foolish teachers are in an unhealthy condition and which, on account of the effect produced by them, are called diseased. (16)
(16) “All vices are contrary to sound doctrine. For what is the advantage to be derived from the Word of God? It is the pasture of our souls; and, next, it is a medicine. We have bread and various kinds of food for the nourishment of our body: the word of God is of the same use for our souls. But it is more advantageous in this respect, that, when we are diseased with our vices, when there are many corruptions and wicked desires, we must be purged of them; and the Word of God serves us for various purposes, for purging, for blood-letting, for drink, and for diet. In short, all that physicians can apply to the human body, for healing its diseases, is not a tenth part of what the Word of God accomplishes for the health of our souls On that account Paul speaks here of sound doctrine. For inquisitive and ambitious persons are always in a diseased state; they have no health in them they are like those unhappy patients who have lost their appetite, and who suck and lick, but cannot receive any nourishment. But when the Word of God is applied in a right manner, there must be a contest; there was a war against every vice; and the Word of God must condemn them in such a manner that the hearts of men shall be touched and pierced — shall be humbled and laid low with sincere repentance to groan before God; and, if there be nothing else, that they shall at least be convinced, that they shall have remorse within themselves, that they may so be an example to all that are not altogether incorrigible. This is the way in which the Lord wishes that his word may be applied to a good use.” — Fr. Ser.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(10) For menstealers.After enumerating the transgressors of the Sixth and Seventh Commandments against murder and adultery, St. Paul speaks of a class well known in the Roman world of his dayperhaps the worst class of offenders against the Eighth Commandmentthe slave-dealers.
For liars, for perjured persons.In these inclusive terms St. Paul apparently reckons all who break the solemn Ninth charge given on Sinai, which forbade false witness against a neighbour. Among the sins which especially excite the hot wrath of the first inspired teachers of Christianity, want of truth appears singularly prominent. One after the other of the Apostles, in different language, express their deep abhorrence of this too common sin, which, in St. Johns fervid words, will suffice to exclude from the city of the blessed (Rev. 22:15).
And if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine.In this broad and general summary, with which St. Paul concludes his dreadful catalogue, the prohibition of the Tenth Commandment against covetousness is doubtless included. In the words sound doctrinean expression peculiar to this group of Epistlesa sharp contrast is suggested to the sickly and unhealthy teaching of the false teachers, with their foolish legends and allegoriesa teaching which suggested controversy and useless disputes, and had no practical influence at all upon life.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
10. Perjured Who either break a sworn engagement, or swear to a falsehood in point of fact.
Any other Stopping with the ninth commandment, the apostle generalizes against all that contradicts sound doctrine. Sound is literally healthful in opposition to diseased. So sound doctrine, 2Ti 4:3; and Tit 2:1. This is one of the phrases peculiar to the pastoral epistles. This arises from the fact that in Paul’s most truthful view the Jewish fables and genealogies and heresies, which were invading the Church, were mental imbecilities, arising from and resulting in a sickly state of mind. And against these brain diseases the healthful doctrine, the faithful saying, of the gospel were the corrective.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
1Ti 1:10. And if there be any other thing, &c. That was sound doctrine, in St. Paul’s account, which condemned wicked practices and evil tempers, and promoted holiness and love; that, therefore, must be unsound doctrine, which encourages the contrary practices, tempers, and experience: here then is a proper test or standard, given by an apostle, by which to judge of the soundness or unsoundness of any doctrine. Some read, To the sound doctrine, (1Ti 1:11.) which is according, &c.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine;
Ver. 10. For menstealers ] That steal away other men’s children; so those that steal other men’s books and writings, and set them out in their own name; as one dealt by Diagoras, who thereupon, out of discontent (because he that had done it was not presently stricken with a thunderbolt), became an atheist. (Diod. Sic.) So Fabricius stole Tremellius’ Syriac translation, Villa Vincantius stole Hyperius’ Treatise De ratione studii Theologici, and Possevinus recently translated Dr James’s Cyprianus redivivus into his Apparatus Theologicus, and made it his own doing. Sic vos non vobis.
And if there be any other thing ] For the apostle took no delight to mention more of this cursed crew; but leaves them to the law to handle and hamper them, as unruly beasts, dogs, lions, leopards, are chained and caged up that they may not do mischief.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
1Ti 1:10 . , plagiariis (Vulg.), includes all who exploit other men and women for their own selfish ends; as and include all improper use of sexual relations.
means the body of doctrine , the apostolic Summa Theologi . The noun is used absolutely, 1Ti 6:1 , or with varying epithets: , sana (here, 2Ti 4:3 ; Tit 1:9 ; Tit 2:1 ); , bona (1Ti 4:6 ); , secundum pietatem (1Ti 6:3 ); (2Ti 3:10 ); (Tit 2:10 ).
It means the act of teaching in Rom 12:7 ; Rom 15:4 , 1Ti 4:13 ; 1Ti 4:16 ; 1Ti 5:17 , 2Ti 3:16 , Tit 2:7 . The term occurs fifteen times in the Pastoral Epistles in a technical Christian sense. This is in the writer’s mind even in 1Ti 4:1 , . It is found four times in the other Pauline Epistles. Of these Rom 12:7 is the nearest approach to the special connotation here.
With (see reff.) compare (1Ti 6:3 ; 2Ti 1:13 ), (Tit 2:8 ), and ( ) (Tit 1:13 ; Tit 2:2 ).
The image is peculiar to the Pastoral Epistles; but it is not therefore un-Pauline, unless on the assumption that a writer never enlarges his vocabulary or ideas. Healthy, wholesome admirably describes Christian teaching, as St. Paul conceived it, in its complete freedom from casuistry or quibbles in its theory, and from arbitrary or unnatural restrictions in its practice. The terms as applied to false teaching (1Ti 6:4 ), and possibly (2Ti 2:17 ) were suggested by contrast. See Dean Bernard’s note on this verse.
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
them that, &c. Greek. arsenokoites. See 1Co 6:9,
men. Greek. andropodistes. Only here.
perjured persons. Greek. epiorkos. Only here
if App-118.
there be. Omit
other. App-124.
that. Omit.
sound. Greek. hugiaino, See Luk 5:31.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
1Ti 1:10. ) who make free men , slaves, by violence. They do not differ far from these, who do not levy (legally enlist) soldiers, but take them away by allurements, fraud, violence.-, any other thing) inconsistent with the ninth and tenth commandment.[9]- , to sound doctrine) So 2Ti 4:3; Tit 1:9; Tit 2:1; and wholesome words, ch. 1Ti 6:3; 2Ti 1:13; and to be sound in regard to believers, Tit 1:13; Tit 2:2. The contrary is, , morbid [doting], ch. 1Ti 6:4; a canker, 2Ti 2:17.
[9] i.e. Our tenth divided into two, ninth and tenth. The and answer to our ninth, Bengels eighth.-ED.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
1Ti 1:10
for fornicators,-Illicit intercourse of unmarried persons; also such intercourse of an unmarried person with a person of the opposite sex, whether married or unmarried.
for abusers of themselves with men,-Carnal copulation between male persons.-Sodomy.
for men-stealers,-Those who carry on a traffic in human flesh, or those who steal a person in order to sell him into bondage, or those who buy such stolen men or women, no matter of what color or what country. All these were men-stealers, and God classed them with the most flagrant mortals. The guilt of man-stealing was incurred essentially by those who purchased those who were thus stolen.
for liars,-They who speak for truth what they know to be false.
for false swearers,-Those who deliberately swear to that which is false, and then prove false to their oath.
and if there be any other thing contrary, to the sound doctrine;-The law of Moses with its penalties was given to restrain, check, and punish those guilty of these sins, and not to rule those delivered from sin by faith in Christ Jesus. [Sound admirably describes the teaching as Paul conceived it in its complete freedom from any doubt as to right and wrong according to the instruction given to them as he was moved by the Holy Spirit.]
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
whoremongers: Mar 7:21, Mar 7:22, 1Co 6:9, 1Co 6:10, Gal 5:19-21, Eph 5:3-6, Heb 13:4
defile: Gen 19:5, Lev 18:22, Lev 20:13, Rom 1:26, Jud 1:7
menstealers: Gen 37:27, Gen 40:15, Exo 21:16, Deu 24:7, Rev 18:13
for liars: Joh 8:44, Rev 21:8, Rev 21:27, Rev 22:15
perjured: Exo 20:7, Eze 17:16-19, Hos 4:1, Hos 4:2, Hos 10:4, Zec 5:4, Zec 8:17, Mal 3:5, Mat 5:33-37
contrary: 1Ti 6:3, 2Ti 1:13, 2Ti 4:3, Tit 1:9, Tit 2:1
Reciprocal: Exo 20:16 – General Lev 19:11 – lie one Deu 23:17 – sodomite Jos 9:20 – lest wrath 1Ki 22:46 – the remnant Psa 24:4 – sworn Jer 5:2 – though Jer 23:10 – because Rom 3:10 – none 1Co 7:35 – comely Eph 4:25 – putting Col 3:9 – Lie 1Ti 4:6 – good doctrine
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
1Ti 1:10. Even one act of unlawful sexual intimacy constitutes fornication or adultery and is a grievous sin. But a whoremonger is a man who makes it a common practice; especially one who patronizes a woman who receives men for money. In some extreme cases the original word applies to a man who engages in the business for money (such as described in Eze 16:30-34). Some lexicons define the original word as “a male prostitute.” Regardless of whichever phase of the crime is considered, it is one against God and man, surpassed perhaps only by that which is named by the words defile themselves with mankind. These italicized words are all from the one Greek w o r d ARSENOICOITES, which Thayer defines as follows: “One who lies with a male as with a female, a sodomite.” The wicked character that is described just preceding this one sometimes is defined “a sodomite.” However, when that is the case it is a man who permits another to use him instead of a female. The one now being considered is the man who so uses this other man instead of a female. The reader should see the comments on these two characters at 1Co 6:9. Menstealers is from ANDRAPODISTES, and Thayer defines the word as follows: “a slave-dealer, kidnapper, man-stealer.” He refers to the historical origin of the word and gives the following information: “As well one who unjustly reduces free men to slavery, as one who steals the slaves of others and sells them.” Liars, perjured persons. All perjured persons are liars also, but they are those who falsify under oath, or other form of legal testifying. The last clause of the verse is a generalization of the subject introduced at verse 3. Hence anything that is contrary to the doctrine taught by the apostles would be contrary to sound doctrine.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
1Ti 1:10. Sins against the seventh commandment, recognising the true division of natural and unnatural vices (defilers of themselves with males), came first; then the worst form of offence against the eighth, the kidnapping and man-stealing to which the prevalence of slavery naturally gave rise, and in the guilt of which Jews were probably known to be sharers; lastly, the two forms of evil forbidden by the ninth, falsehood, with, or without, the added guilt of perjury. It is significant that no reference is made (as in Rom 13:9) to the tenth commandment. The apostle prefers resting his case upon concrete evil acts, and does not enter on the less tangible region of desires.
Contrary to sound doctrine. Here for the first time we come across the word that more than any other is characteristic of the Pastoral Epistles (1Ti 6:3; 2Ti 1:13; 2Ti 4:3; Tit 1:9; Tit 1:13; Tit 2:1-2), occurring in this figurative sense in them and in them only. What it marks out is the tendency of the true doctrine to a healthy spiritual state, of all departure from the truth to a state morbid and unhealthy. The idea of health presupposed is that of clear perception, calm feeling, a will strong and stedfastthe mens sana, even though the corpus sanum be absent. Looking to the fact that when these Epistles were written St. Paul had been for years in intimate companionship with St. Luke, the beloved physician, it is not rash to conjecture that both the thought and term had been derived from him. The word, it may be noted, occurs three times in his Gospel (Luk 5:31; Luk 7:10; Luk 15:27), and not at all in the other three.
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
1Ti 1:10 For whoremongers, for them that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine;
The list breaks down into two categories.
AGAINST GOD
Lawless
disobedient
ungodly
sinners
unholy
profane
AGAINST GOD AND SOCIETY:
murderers of fathers and mothers,
manslayers,
whoremongers (this is term porno/fornicator according to Young’s concordance)
them that defile themselves with mankind (homosexuals)
menstealers (kidnapers – in Paul’s day it was for slavery)
liars
perjured persons
if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine
We want to take a look at these terms. They, are for the most part, kind of self-explanatory, but we might find some deeper understanding of them. If you have time to study on your own relate these to the ten commandments.
AGAINST GOD:
LAWLESS: Lawless is the opposite of the term used of law in these verses – without law or a transgressor.
2Th 2:8 mentions this word: “And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:”
The term Wicked is our term. This is speaking of Antichrist and his demise. The term is a little more descriptive now isn’t it?
The same term is also used of the actions of the Sodomites in 2Pe 2:7-8. They were lawless and wicked.
DISOBEDIENT: This term is used In Titus and is translated unruly.
UNGODLY: Thayer says of this term “destitute of reverential awe towards God, condemning God, impious. . . . ” Jude uses the term when he mentions Christ coming to judge the ungodly. Jud 1:15 “To execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard [speeches] which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.”
Simply it relates to those that do not worship God. They have no desire to know Him, nor to serve Him.
SINNERS: This term covers all sorts of sins – it is the normal word translated sin in the New Testament. Missing the mark set is the idea.
UNHOLY: Unholy or ungodly is the thought. 2Ti 3:2 is the only other occurrence of the word. It is translated unholy there also, and is in a long list of not very nice things.
PROFANE: Heb 12:16 mentions “Lest there [be] any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright.”
This is the same term translated profane. The term comes from a root which relates to the foot – “something common” according to Thayer. The attempt to make God common might give the proper thought.
Barnes says “A man who treats religion with contempt, mockery, or scorn, would correspond with the meaning of the word.”
AGAINST GOD AND SOCIETY:
When Paul lists murderers he distinguishes between types.
MURDERERS OF FATHERS: This Greek word actually is used of patricide or killing of ones father while murderers of mothers is a different Greek word for matricide or the killing of your mother. Then he uses another term for murder which is translated manslayers.
It is of interest that Paul uses three words here that are never used elsewhere in the New Testament. I suspect they may have been words known specifically by the Ephesians and possibly not widely used in other areas of the world at the time.
The murder of a father or mother was forbidden in the law. Exo 21:15 “And he that striketh his father, or his mother, shall certainly be put to death.”
Barnes mentions concerning killing your father “It is said to have been a crime which the Roman law did not contemplate as possible, and hence that there was no enactment against it. It is indeed, a crime of the highest order;”
MURDERERS OF MOTHERS:
Barnes mentions of murdering your mother: “A still more atrocious and monstrous crime, if possible, than the former. We can conceive nothing superior to this in atrocity, and yet it has been committed. Nero caused his mother to be murdered, and the annals of crime disclose the names of not a few who have imbrued their own hands in the blood of those who bare them.” Nero was mentioned – he fell in love with a young woman that talked him into killing mom and divorcing his wife so she could be queen.
Gill mentions something that might be of interest to us in relation to the murder of fathers and mothers. “According to the Pompeian (city in Italy – Pompey) law, one guilty of parricide was to be sewed up in a sack with a dog, a cock, a viper, and an ape, and cast into the sea, or into a river.”
MANSLAYERS: This would be the regular murder, which is forbidden in Exo 20:13 “Thou shalt not kill”
WHOREMONGERS: This term is basically a male prostitute. (this is the term pornos/fornicator according to Young’s concordance) Thayer suggests “a man who prostitutes his body to another’s lust for hire”
THEM THAT DEFILE THEMSELVES WITH MANKIND (HOMOSEXUALS): Paul seems to lay it right out there in detail so they won’t misunderstand him. Thayer suggests that this means “one who lies with a male as with a female, sodomite, homosexual” “It is translated abusers of themselves with mankind” in 1Co 6:9
This also was forbidden in the Old Testament. Lev 20:13 “If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood [shall be] upon them.”
While on this subject we mentioned in our past studies of those that hold out falsehood as truth – the vain jangling – the vain talkers – the empty words – there are churches today that teach that homosexuality is okay and that it is as normal as can be. This list as well as the I Corinthians list would suggest they speak with empty words.
A man that fits one of these sins (homosexual) and certainly is misleading if not deceptive about his lifestyle before writing the book – and he is invited into a fundamental church to participate in the service. I trust that you see the error of this action in light of the context we have before us in I Timothy.
MENSTEALERS: Menstealers is actually speaking of those that steal men to put them into slavery. This is in a list of not very nice sinners. To be quite honest I was not aware of this side to the Scriptures as they related to slavery. It is of note that the epistles have a lot to say of how a believing slave is to act toward an owner indicating that slavery was kind of neutral – that if you are a slave – live like a Christian. The master is also encouraged in certain manners toward his slaves, yet here we see that the ENSLAVER was a sinner of great magnitude. That might be a topic for further study when someone has time.
Again, as several times before, the law forbids this activity – no great surprise – God dislikes sin against Himself and His creation. Exo 21:16 “And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death”
LIARS: Joh 8:44 mentions that Satan is a liar. This is the same term used here – someone that is “a liar, one who breaks faith, or a false and faithless man” according to Thayer. (“Ye are of [your] father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it”) See Lev 6:2-4 also.
PERJURED PERSONS: We don’t think too much about perjury in our society – even the president does it with little punishment. God calls it a biggie sin. Isn’t that what one of the ten commandments is all about? Thou shalt not bear false witness. Exo 20:16 Paul puts it in the same list with a murderer! We in America should do no less. See Exo 20:7 also.
This was a major no-no in the culture. The Greeks in their mythology placed perjury on the same level with killing your parent!
“IF THERE BE ANY OTHER THING THAT IS CONTRARY TO SOUND DOCTRINE:” And if you think of anything else that is against sound doctrine stick it in this list too!
The term translated sound is the word we gain our word “hygiene” from. Soundness is something that is wholesome and good for us.
The idea seems clear that Paul didn’t want to leave anyone out in his listing. “any other thing” covers about everything that the list doesn’t cover.
Verse eleven connects back up with the first part of the sentence, “But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully;” … “According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God. . . .”
All of the sins are kind of a parenthesis to the main message that Paul is putting forth.