Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 2 Kings 17:3
Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents.
3. Shalmaneser king of Assyria ] This king according to the Assyrian monuments succeeded Tiglath-pileser, and was succeeded by Sargon. His reign lasted from b.c. 727 722.
and Hoshea became his servant ] Probably it was in this way that Hoshea made himself strong enough to attack Pekah, and to mount the throne. The wars of Israel in the days of Pekah must have weakened the kingdom excessively, and made external help a necessity for any one who came to the throne.
and gave [R.V. brought ] him presents ] The word for ‘presents’ is that which came to be used for the ‘meal-offering’ of the Israelites. It is used euphemistically here for a gift which, though given with the appearance of free will, was no doubt compulsory, and of the nature of tribute.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Of Shalmaneser, the successor of Tiglath-pileser in the Assyrian Canon, we know little from Assyrian sources, since his records have been mutilated by his successors, the Sargonids, who were of a wholly different family. The archives of Tyre mention him as contemporary with, and warring against, a Tyrian king named Elulaeus. The expedition, referred to here, was probably in the first year of Shalmaneser (727 B.C.). Its main object was the reduction of Phoenicia, which had re-asserted its independence, but (except Tyre) was once more completely reduced. Shalmaneser probably passed on from Phoenicia into Galilee, where he attacked and took Beth-arbel (Arbela of Josephus, now Irbid), treating it with great severity Hos 10:14, in order to alarm Hoshea, who immediately submitted, and became tributary (see the marginal rendering and 1Ki 4:21 note). Shalmaneser then returned into Assyria.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 3. Shalmaneser] This was the son and successor of Tiglath-pileser. He is called Shalman by Hosea, Ho 10:14, and Enemessar, in the book of Tobit, 1:2.
Gave him presents.] Became tributary to him.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Shalmaneser; the son or successor of Tiglath-pileser. The ancient Hebrew writers make him the same with Sennacherib, who eight years after this time invaded the kingdom of Judah; see 2Ki 18:10,13; it being very frequent in the eastern parts for one man to be called by several names, especially by the people of several countries. Josephus affirms that he met with his name in the Annals of the Tyrians, which were extant in his days. He came against him, either because he denied the tribute which he had promised to pay, or that he might make him tributary.
Gave him presents; swore fealty to him, and engaged to pay him a tribute.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
3. Against him came upShalmaneseror Shalman (Ho10:14), the same as the Sargon of Isaiah [Isa20:1]. Very recently the name of this Assyrian king has beentraced on the Ninevite monuments, as concerned in an expeditionagainst a king of Samaria, whose name, though mutilated, COLONELRAWLINSON reads as Hoshea.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria,…. Which some take to be the same with Tiglathpileser, see 1Ch 5:26 but he rather seems to be his son; his name was to be found, as Josephus w relates, in the archives of the Tyrians, against whom he had an expedition; his name is Salmanassar in Metasthenes x, who says he reigned seventeen years:
and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents, to depart from him; he became tributary to him, and agreed to pay him a yearly tax.
w Antiqu. l. 9. c. 14. sect. 2. x De Judicio Temp. fol. 221. 2.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
“Against him came up Salmanasar king of Assyria, and Hoshea became subject to him and rendered him tribute” ( , as in 1Ki 5:1). , (lxx), Salmanasar, according to the more recent researches respecting Assyria, is not only the same person as the Shalman mentioned in Hos 10:14, but the same as the Sargon of Isa 20:1, whose name is spelt Sargina upon the monuments, and who is described in the inscriptions on his palace at Khorsabad as ruler over many subjugated lands, among which Samirina (Samaria?) also occurs (vid., Brandis b. d. Gewinn, pp. 48ff. and 53; M. v. Niebuhr, Gesch. Ass. pp. 129, 130; and M. Duncker, Gesch. des Alterth. i. pp. 687ff.). The occasion of this expedition of Salmanasar appears to have been simply the endeavour to continue the conquests of his predecessor Tiglath-pileser. There is no ground whatever for Maurer’s assumption, that he had been asked to come to the help of a rival of Hoshea; and the opinion that he came because Hoshea had refused the tribute which had been paid to Assyria from the time of Menahem downwards, is at variance with the fact that in 2Ki 15:29 Tiglath-pileser is simply said to have taken a portion of the territory of Israel; but there is no allusion to any payment of tribute or feudal obligation on the part of Pekah. Salmanasar was the first to make king Hoshea subject and tributary. This took place at the commencement of Hoshea’s reign, as is evident from the fact that Hoshea paid the tribute for several years, and in the sixth year of his reign refused any further payment.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
(3) Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria.Shalmaneser IV. (Shalmnu-ushshir, Shalman be gracious!), the successor of Tiglath Pileser II., and predecessor of Sargon, reigned 727-722 B.C. No annals of his reign have come down to us in the cuneiform inscriptions, but a fragment of the Eponyra-list notes foreign expeditions for the three successive years 725-723 B.C. This agrees with what Menander states (Josephus, Ant. ix. 14, 2), according to whom Shalmaneser made an expedition against Tyre (and no doubt Israel, as the ally of Tyre), which lasted five yearsi.e., was continued beyond Shalmanesers reign into that of Sargon. Nothing is known of the death of Shalmaneser.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
3. Shalmaneser This Assyrian king and warrior seems to have been the regular and undisputed successor of Tiglath-pileser, and was therefore, probably, his son. The monuments bearing his records have been so mutilated by his successors that they shed very little light on his history. Josephus states, on the authority of Menander, that the name of this king was inscribed in the archives of Tyre, and that during the reign of one Eluleus he overran all Phenicia. But after his departure old Tyre rebelled, and the king of Assyria returned, and warred for five years against the city, but though he was assisted by many Phenicians, the Tyrians were more than a match for him, and his siege was unsuccessful. These wars with Phenicia were probably contemporaneous with those against Samaria.
Hoshea became his servant Became a vassal king, rendering presents, or tribute, to Shalmaneser as the great king. Some think that Hoshea had refused or neglected to pay tribute to Assyria, and this was the reason of Shalmaneser’s invasion; others think that this coming up of the Assyrian king was merely an expedition of conquest, growing out of the ambition of the new sovereign, and not from any provocation of Hoshea.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
2Ki 17:3. Shalmaneser king of Assyria Shalmaneser, who, in Hos 10:14 is called Shalman, and in Tob 1:2. Enemessar, was the son and successor of Arbaces, or Tiglath-pileser, and according to Josephus, who has quoted a passage from Menander, mention was made of him, and of his conquest over the land of Israel, in the history of the Tyrians.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
2Ki 17:3 Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents.
Ver. 3. Against him came up Shalmaneser. ] Son to Tiglathpileser, and father to Sennacherib; not the same with Sennacherib, as Eusebius maketh him. Under this Shalmaneser Tobias was carried captive, and he seemeth to be the same with that Shalman Hos 10:14 who “spoiled Betharbel” – famous afterwards for the overthrow of Darius there – “in the day of battle; the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children.”
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Shalmaneser: This was the son and successor of Tiglath-pileser: he reigned 14 years, from am 3276 to 3290. 2Ki 18:9, Hos 10:14, Shalman
king of Assyria: 2Ki 15:19, 2Ki 15:29, 2Ki 16:7, 2Ki 18:13, 2Ki 19:36, 2Ki 19:37, Isa 7:7, Isa 7:8, Isa 10:5, Isa 10:6, Isa 10:11, Isa 10:12
and Hoshea: 2Ki 16:8, 2Ki 18:14-16, 2Ki 18:31
gave: Heb. rendered
presents: or, tribute, 2Sa 8:2, 2Sa 8:6
Reciprocal: 1Ki 4:21 – brought 2Ki 15:20 – stayed not Neh 9:32 – since the time Isa 8:4 – the riches of Damascus Isa 8:7 – he shall come Eze 23:5 – on the Eze 23:9 – General Hos 7:11 – they call Hos 8:10 – for Hos 10:4 – swearing Hos 10:6 – a present Hos 11:5 – but Amo 3:11 – General Amo 6:6 – affliction Mic 5:6 – the Assyrian
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
2Ki 17:3. Against him came up Shalmaneser The son or successor of Tiglath-pileser. The ancient Hebrew writers made him the same with Sennacherib, who, eight years after this time, invaded the kingdom of Judah; it being very frequent, in the eastern parts, for one man to be called by several names. Josephus affirms, that he met with his name in the annals of the Tyrians, which were extant in his days. He came against him, either because he denied the tribute which he had promised to pay, or that he might make him tributary. And Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents Swore fealty to him, and engaged to pay him tribute. Thus the destruction came gradually, and they were, for some time, made tributaries, before they were made captives to the king of Assyria. And if the lesser judgment had prevailed to humble and reform them, the greater would have been prevented.