Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 2 Kings 5:2
And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; and she waited on Naaman’s wife.
2. had gone out by companies ] R.V. in bands. The idea is of plundering parties, who made forays upon their neighbours. So we have in 2Ki 6:23, ‘The bands of Syria came no more into the land of Israel’, and in 2Ki 13:20, ‘The bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year’. The LXX. has , in the sense of ‘girt up’, ‘lightly equipped’, ‘ready for warfare’.
a little maid ] These marauders carried away captives as well as spoil. The phrase ‘waited on’, which follows, is literally ‘was before’. Servants are said, when in their service, to ‘stand before’ their masters. See below, verse 25.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
No peace had been made on the failure of Ahabs expedition 1 Kings 22:1-36. The relations of the two countries therefore continued to be hostile, and plundering inroads naturally took place on the one side and on the other.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
2Ki 5:2-4
And the Syrians had gone out by companies.
The Hebrew maid
I. Her faith in God. Plainly she had very strong faith; and it was of the right sort. For there are wrong kinds of faith. Mere belief even of the truth may be perfectly powerless. The question is, what side does ]our belief make you take? It should be a living trust in a living person, a whole faith in the whole Saviour. Notice the beautiful signs of this girls faith. In that land of idols and idolaters she was not ashamed to own her Lord. And her charity proved her faith sincere. What wonder if she had nursed revenge, and said in spite, Im glad my master is a leper: it is Gods judgment upon him: it serves him right. How beautiful, how Christ-like her forgiving spirit! We should like to know how she became such a believing child of God. The people of Israel were then desperately wicked. It was the time of Elijah, of Ahab and Jezebel; and thousands had forsaken Jehovah for idols. But probably she had such a good mother as Timothy had. From her lips she learnt about the God of Abraham. Her mothers prayers were heard in heaven; and when sin rioted around, faith found a home in the heart of this dear child.
II. Her faithfulness. Faithfulness is more than faith. As the Word shows, it is the fulness of faith. She had so much of the true faith that it filled her whole nature, and made her faithful under terrible trials. It wrought in her loving loyalty to her loving God: it made her leal-hearted. Peter had faith, but not enough of it to make him faithful in the palace of the high priest. How sad that many who go to heathen countries are faithless to their religion. They act as if their religion should be shaped by the region where they happen to dwell; they are as the softest wax on which public opinion may set any stamp: men they are in this without manhood, who do not belong to themselves but to any owner who boldly claims them; they are tossed about like pitiable atoms in the centre of a whirlwind. We greatly value this unselfish loyalty to a cause that seems lost. The Bible is always pleading with us to be loyal to God, and true to our trust, whatever it may be.
III. Her fruitfulness. Nothing but leaves, cannot be applied to her. Seeming the meekest human being in Syria, she proved one of the mightiest. I am but one, but I am one. I cannot do much, but I can do something; and all that I can do I ought to do, and by Gods grace will do. Thus she became really a great apostle and missionary. By her the true religion was known and respected in Syria, and Naaman became a worshipper of Jehovah; and so she has been thought worthy of a large place in Gods book. But take care not to fall into a mistake here. You may fancy that you are to do good only by a great and happy effort once in a while. How long did you take to paint that picture for which you ask 100? a gentleman once said to a famous painter. Two days, he replied. And do you expect 100 for the work of two days? You forget, answered the painter, that my whole life was a preparation for the work of these two days. So a few words from this girl moved the household of Naaman; but it was her whole life that prepared her for giving these few words at the right time, and in the right way. (J. Wells.)
The little ladys maid
Syria was a kingdom near to Canaan. For some time a little girl lived in Syria. She may not have been more than eight or ten years old. We wish to say seven things about her.
I. This little girl was a Jewess. She belonged to the best land and the best people. What advantages she had! In this respect you are equal, yea, superior to her; Canaan and the Israelites then compared with England and the English now. A complete Bible and a Saviour who has come. To whomsoever much is given, of them much shall be required.
II. This little girl was a slave. Think on her sad condition. Forced away from her land, home, friends, and parents. Many children have been in the same circumstances–Rome, Greece, America. Some even in the present day–Madagascar and Africa. Slaves cannot breathe in England. Why? Education. Government. Above all, the Gospel. Should you not believe it and love it?
III. This little girl worked as a slave in the house of Naaman. She was in his house, and waited on his wife. A ladys maid. From this we learn that, though young, she was clever, and did all her work well. Imitate her in these things. Never be careless about what you do. Try to read, write, spell, etc., in the best way. In after-life you will then do things easily and well. This will be a great comfort to yourselves and others.
IV. This little girl was very kind. Here was kindness to one who had not been kind to her. This was the spirit of Jesus. Hear Him and see Him on the cross. It should be your spirit. You cannot have it without a new heart, any more than there can be a stream without a fountain. Because the little maid had the one, she had also the other. He who gave her a new heart will give you one. Ask Him for it.
V. This little girl was exceedingly intelligent. This is how she reasoned: Elisha, who, by the power of God, could raise a dead body to life, could also, if it pleased God, restore a diseased body to health. Wonderful reasoning for a little girl. Learn to put things together in your minds. Do this with your school lessons; when you are reading books, looking at persons, watching the birds flying, and the ships sailing. You will then be not dull, but clever, and so be able to push your way through the world.
VI. This little girl did a great amount of good. Naaman was delivered from his leprosy, and likewise from his heathenism. Besides, the whole narrative has been used by thousands to illustrate the Gospel, by which multitudes have been saved from sin to holiness. Similar results have been produced by a single book, tract, action, or word. You can all do good; do it every day.
VII. This little girl was highly honoured. By the attention she received from so many in Syria; by obtaining a place in the Bible; by having thousands speaking well of her, as we have been trying to do. Her case illustrates the text, Them that honour Me, I will honour. Go ye and do likewise. Speak for God, like her. Speak for others, and especially the suffering, like her. (A. MAuslane, D. D.)
The faith of a little maid
We are deeply attached to this impulsive officer, of sterling character but many faults, and to the little maid who, though a caged bird, sang so sweetly the songs of Zion that she led her master into the liberty of the sons of God.
1. See, then, one whom God determined to bless. Naaman was a heathen. Naaman was living in Damascus, a city which had stood for some 1100 years, and was enriched with the wealth and splendour of empires. God wanted a witness in that great city; and so this heathen general, dwelling in all the luxury of that great capital, became the object of Gods peculiar favour. He was certainly one of fortunes favourites. Everything had gone well with him. He was a man of many victories. By him the Lord had given deliverance unto Syria. This popular and successful man, who had gained all the world could give him, was the man God determined to bless.
2. But mark the mysterious means adopted. Strong measures were necessary, for such favourites of fortune are not easily won. First of all, Naaman was smitted with leprosy. What we think our greatest troubles often prove our chief mercies. But there was to be trouble and disaster in another quarter. A quiet country village on the borders of Palestine is disturbed by a sudden alarm. A band of Syrian horsemen is rapidly approaching. The peasants flee in terror and hide in the hills; but some are captured, and amongst them a little maid. And her friends, when they hear of it, wish that she were rather dead than the prey of the infidel. But God was working His purpose out. These two desolate homes were not a work of wantonness, but a part of the Divine programme of blessing.
3. Consider now the special instrument used. We love to dwell upon the scene in Naamans home. The little maid soon found out that there were sore troubles in the world besides her own, and her heart was at once drawn out in sympathy with her mistress. It must have seemed like a nightingales song from a distant grove, heralding the advent of spring. It was a gleam of sunshine breaking in upon a night of hopeless gloom. Naamans house was full of idols. Sacrifices and libations without stint had been offered to gain the favour of the Syrian gods. And all had been in vain. But now this Hebrew child tells of a prophet who can save, of certain healing to be had in her own land of Samaria. No one could doubt either the sincerity of her confidence or the genuineness of her sympathy. It was the candid, artless statement of a truthful child, and it carried conviction to all who heard it. It reached the ears of the King of Syria, and he determined to act upon it at once. We see here the permanent results of early religious training. This captive maiden, because she had been taught to know and trust God, was so strong in faith that she was the means of bringing salvation to the house of her captivity, and of raising up a testimony for God which rang through the whole land of Syria.
4. But see the peculiar character of a childs faith. It is concrete and objective. It was the prophet who filled her whole area of vision. Though she knew well all about Gods dealings in times past with her nation, her view of religion was summed up practically in this: the prophet that is in Samaria can raise the dead, heal lepers, or do anything. It is a splendid testimony to Elishas character and influence, that he had awakened such confidence in the soul of this little maid. There is something wrong in the teacher or preacher if he cannot enlist the enthusiastic love of children. How simple and how real a childs faith becomes when the substance of the teaching is the living Christ! It is specially easy, alas! to inculcate error–to develop superstition instead of faith–false confidence in images and relics and human priests, rather than trust in the unseen Saviour. When father and mother can do such wonders, it is obvious to their simple minds that God can do greater wonders still, dealing with laws, and touching secret springs of influence unknown to the wisest men. This little maid was confident that Elisha could and would heal her master. It was nothing to her simple, generous faith that his disease was incurable, and.. he himself outside Gods covenant. Surely a bigoted, sectarian child is one of the most unnatural and most odious monstrosities to be found on earth. Alas for England, if such a spirit ever prevails in those elementary and public schools which form the nursery of the nation. Oh for more of the child-spirit among Christians! One touch of nature makes the whole world kin. Genuine faith in a real God and a real heaven makes the whole Church one.
5. And notice how far-reaching may be the influence of the most insignificant child of God. This captive maid would have been looked upon as the least influential person in all Damascus. Her simple faith was the means of winning her master, who became a living witness to all Syria; and, by her bright faith, she has been preaching to millions of Bible students for nearly three thousand years. When Naaman left Damascus, he took with him treasures amounting to about 12,000 sterling. But he had with him also what was of infinitely greater value–the prayers of the little maid. Oh, children of God, live up to your high calling! In this, the land of your exile, you are only strangers and pilgrims. Confess it. Declare your faith in heaven, and your acquaintance with One who is able to save to the uttermost. (F. S. Webster, M. A.)
The captive maid
The rich and the poor meet together. The mighty and the ignoble, the monarch and the slave, are, after all, near companions on the pilgrimage of life. Naaman the Syrian, mighty and honourable, is a dweller beneath the same roof with the little captive maid of the land of Israel.
I. We notice, her recognition of God in providence. She might have looked at the dark cloud of adversity hanging over her, and failed to discern a gleam of light; but she believed that the God of providence was behind the cloud, and would disperse it in His own good time. She had the conviction that God had directed, and would still direct, her steps. Is not her example a pattern to believers? The captive maid does indeed reprove and exhort us, in our mistrust of God in providence. Christian experience may well be tested by the Christian precept which enjoins us, as believers, to be careful for nothing (Php 4:6). Afflictions, trials, disappointments, rightly regarded, would help us in the application of this test. We might safely reason thus: If we cannot commit the ordering of our earthly way to our Father, who hath loved us, and blessed us with all spiritual blessings in Christ Jesus (Eph 1:3); if we cannot confide in His wisdom, and trust in His goodness, under the trials and afflictions lie may send us, have we not reason to examine ourselves, whether we be in the faith at all? Assuredly the measure of our faith in the God of grace will find no uncertain index in the measure of our faith in the God of providence.
II. We notice, secondly, the usefulness of the captive maid in the humble position she occupied. We see in her an illustration of Gods employment of simple means to accomplish mighty ends. How great is their folly who despise the day of small things! There is no station so humble, but God is able to find in it those who may render valuable service in His Church. Humility of circumstance, when attended with humility of character, especially commends a man as a fitting co-worker with God. Not many wise men after the flesh, etc. (1Co 1:26-29). Let us beware of the delusive thought, which paralyses so much Christian exertion, that our station is too humble, our sphere of influence too circumscribed, to allow of Christian usefulness.
III. As a concluding remark on the history of the captive maid, we notice the inestimable value of her piety, both to herself and others. This lesson may be commended to us in a twofold form. It may remind us of the value of a pious servant in every household, and of the value of piety to every servant. It is recorded of the Rev. Henry Venn, that he often thanked God for a pious servant; and he once said to his children respecting her, Ruth is my servant here; but if your father is found at her feet at the Great Day his place will not be a low one. Happy the servant who, by a life of piety, so adorns the doctrine of God her Saviour, as to win from those whom she serves such a testimony of her worth! (C. Bullock.)
A young captive
In the story of this Syrian girl there are some things which may suggest thoughts of sympathy with girls nearer home.
I. The first suggestion is that of a childs helplessness. We often say, as helpless as a child. The child of our story was a girl–an orphan girl, so far at least as she was bereft of the parental care–and she was a slave-girl. Thus the child of the Syrian household stands before us in a situation so pathetic, and seems to plead for her little sisters of our own time.
II. The second suggestion of the text is of another kind, namely, a childs helpfulness. Helpless as she was, the little maid of the story helped her master to the recovery of health, and the knowledge of God. Now the basis of her helpfulness was her religious training. She could help man, because she knew God. When they carried her away captive she could sing them the Lords song in a strange land. This child knew the Psalms better than some of us know them, and some of Naamans servants got the girl now and then to chant them. The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want. It was as if they had brought an angel in their train when they carried that godly child to Syria. (Samuel Gregory.)
The little captive maid
I. God can do very great things by very feeble instruments. The cleansing of Naaman from bodily leprosy was a very great thing. By means of it he was converted to the worship of the true God–a far greater thing. But, in all likelihood, had it not been for the little captive maid he would have died a feller and a heathen.
II. God can make the sinful acts of men to praise Him. Bringing this little maid a captive out of her native country was a sinful act. But she was brought into the household of Naaman, and God made her a means of unspeakable good to him. Very likely, after his conversion, Naaman proved a blessing to others. If so, she had a share therein.
III. Whither-soever we go, we should take our religion with us. This little Israelitish maid, though she was living in a heathen household, was not ashamed to own herself to be a worshipper of Jehovah. Many who are attentive to the outward duties of religion at home act like those who make no profession when they go among strangers.
IV. We should love our enemies. This little maid was a captive in Naamans household. It would, therefore, have not been at all unnatural had she hated him. But, instead of that, she pitied him as a leper, and manifested her kindly feelings toward him by telling her mistress where he could obtain deliverance from his sad condition. The Lord, by His servant, the prophet Jeremiah, said to the captive Israelites in Babylon: Seek the peace of the city whither I have caused you to be carried away captives, and pray unto the Lord for it.
V. The mighty of the earth should not despise the lowly. The former do not know how greatly they may yet be indebted to the latter. No doubt, many a time Naaman, the commander-in-chief of the Syrian army, envied the robust health of a private. For that–could he have done it–he would cheerfully have given him his wealth and honours. But it was utterly impossible for him, in any way, to buy that unspeakable blessing. At length he obtained it, but he did so without money and without price. (T. Fenwick.)
A helpful girl
The keeper of a lighthouse on the coast of Cornwall went ashore one day, and was seized and held a prisoner by a band of wicked men. They thought that thus they would prevent the lighting of the light, and ships would be dashed upon the rocks, and then they could get the spoils. But they forgot the little daughter of the lighthouse keeper. When it came time, all alone and frightened as she was, she climbed the long stairs and lit all the lights. Many of Gods purposes are imposed in small agents for fulfilment. The Lord seems to delight in fulfilling His will by feeble instrumentalities. A childs hand can move the lever which launches a mighty ship.
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 2. The Syrians had gone out by companies] gedudim, troops. When one hundred or two hundred men go out by themselves to make prey of whatever they can get, that is called, says Jarchi, gedud, a troop. They had gone out in marauding parties; and on such occasions they bring away grain, cattle, and such of the inhabitants as are proper to make slaves.
A little maid] Who, it appears, had pious parents, who brought her up in the knowledge of the true God. Behold the goodness and the severity of the Divine providence! affectionate parents are deprived of their promising daughter by a set of lawless freebooters, without the smallest prospect that she should have any lot in life but that of misery, infamy, and wo.
Waited on Naaman’s wife.] Her decent orderly behaviour, the consequence of her sober and pious education, entitled her to this place of distinction; in which her servitude was at least easy, and her person safe.
If God permitted the parents to be deprived of their pious child by the hands of ruffians, he did not permit the child to be without a guardian. In such a case, were even the father and mother to forsake her, God would take her up.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Gone out by companies; making inroads into the land of Israel to rob and plunder, after the manner of those times. See 1Sa 30:8; 2Ki 13:21; 24:2.
She waited on, Heb. was before, i.e. stood before her, or ministered to her. Compare Deu 1:38.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
2-5. a little maidwho hadbeen captured in one of the many predatory incursions which were thenmade by the Syrians on the northern border of Israel (see 1Sa 30:8;2Ki 13:21; 2Ki 24:2).By this young Hebrew slave of his wife, Naaman’s attention wasdirected to the prophet of Israel, as the person who would remove hisleprosy. Naaman, on communicating the matter to his royal master, wasimmediately furnished with a letter to the king of Israel, and setout for Samaria, carrying with him, as an indispensable preliminaryin the East, very costly presents.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And the Syrians had gone out by companies,…. Not regular troops, but a sort of banditti of robbers, which made excursions into the land of Israel, to plunder and carry off what booty they could:
and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; for boys and girls were a part of the booty of such robbers, whom they could sell for money, see Joe 3:1. Jarchi and Kimchi say she was a girl of Naaron, a city so called:
and she waited on Naaman’s wife; being either made a present of to the general by those plunderers, or was bought by him of them for his wife’s service.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(2) The Syrians.Heb., Aram, the word rendered Syria in 2Ki. 5:1.
By companies.Or, in troops, referring to a marauding incursion made at some time prior to the events here recorded.
Brought away captive . . . a little maid.Comp. the reference in Joe. 3:6 to the Phnician traffic in Jewish slaves.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
2. By companies In troops; marauding parties that roved out in the Israelitish territory in quest of plunder.
A little maid Like Joseph in Egypt, and Daniel in Babylon, this captive girl becomes the instrument of making Jehovah known among the heathen.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Was there not an overruling providence in the captivity of this Israelitish damsel? Reader! look at the subject as it really is. The Lord had a mercy in store for Naaman. He causes, therefore, this daughter of his people to be taken into captivity. She tells of Israel’s prophet, and the wonders he had wrought. And at length, for the better accomplishment of God’s purpose, she is taken into Naaman’s family. How often doth the Lord do this in spreading the savor of his grace, and making his salvation known. The early knowledge this little maid had of Elisha and his miracles, may serve to give parents a profitable lesson by the way, how very speedily they ought to bring them acquainted with Jesus and his great salvation. Parents know not how soon their children may be sent out into life, or they themselves taken from them. Oh! that fathers and mothers, whose bowels yearn over their little ones, would seriously lay this to heart, and very early bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord! Eph 6:4 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
2Ki 5:2 And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; and she waited on Naaman’s wife.
Ver. 2. A little maid; and she waited on Naaman’ s wife.] The captivity of this poor Hebrew girl is a means to make Naaman, the greatest lord of Syria, a subject to God. a It is good to acquaint our children with the works of God, with the praises of his prophets. Little do we know how they may improve the knowledge, and whither they may carry it; perhaps the remotest nations may light their candle at their coal. Nicephorus tells b of a Christian maid carried captive into Spain, that by her piety and prayers she gained many there to Christ. Paul showeth that the very report of his bonds did a great deal of good in Caesar’s house. Mr Fox writeth c that by reading of Chaucer some were brought to the knowledge of the truth, &c.
a Bp. Hall.
b Nicep., lib. viii. cap. 34.
c Fol. 767.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
companies = marauding bands. Compare 2Ki 6:23.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
by companies: 2Ki 6:23, 2Ki 13:20, Jdg 9:34, 1Sa 13:17, 1Sa 13:18
waited on: Heb. was before, Psa 123:2
Reciprocal: 2Sa 4:2 – captains 2Ch 26:11 – went out Pro 27:18 – so Luk 7:2 – who Eph 6:7 – good 1Ti 6:1 – count
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
2Ki 5:2. The Syrians had gone out by companies Making inroads into the land of Israel, to rob and plunder, after the manner of those times. And had brought away captive a little maid The providence of God so ordering it for very important reasons. And she waited on Naamans wife Was preferred into Naamans family, where she published Elishas fame, to the honour of Israel and Israels God.