Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Amos 5:9
That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress.
9. That strengthened the spoiled against the strong &c.] that causeth devastation to flash forth (R.V. marg.) upon the strong, so that devastation cometh (R.V.) upon the fortress. From illustrations of Jehovah’s power as displayed in the physical government of the world, the prophet passes to examples supplied by the moral government of the world: He brings sudden destruction upon the mighty, so that even their strongest fortresses cannot save them. The word rendered strengtheneth occurs also Job 9:27; Job 10:20, Psa 39:13, and a cognate subst. in Jer 8:18. The meaning was forgotten by the Jews; and hence the mediaeval commentators, as David Kimchi, conjectured a sense to strengthen or become strong, more or less consonant with the context in the various passages where the word occurred, which was followed by the Auth. Version of 1611 (in Job and Jer. comfort myself, or take comfort [Lat. ‘ comfortare ’]; in Psalms 39 recover strength; and here strengtheneth). When, however, subsequently, Arabic was again studied, and compared (especially by Alb. Schultens) with the cognate Semitic languages, the true meaning of the word was speedily discovered: balija, the corresponding word in Arabic, is to have a clear, uncontracted brow, then figuratively, to have a bright, cheerful countenance, or more generally, to be joyous; applied to the dawn, or the sun, to be bright, shine brightly (see Schultens, Origines Hebracae, 1761, p. 19. f.; Lane, Arab. Lex. p. 245). One or other of these meanings suits all the passages in which the word occurs in Hebrew: accordingly in R.V. Job 9:27 is rendered be of good cheer, with marg. “Heb. brighten up ”; Job 10:20, Psa 39:13 the old renderings are retained, but the same margin is repeated: here the text (“bringeth sudden destruction”) is also a paraphrase, but the more literal rendering is given on the margin, “causeth destruction to flash forth.” The repetition of the same word in the two clauses is inelegant: the LXX. for the second (‘devastation’) read probably , destruction; cf. Isa 59:7; Isa 60:18.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
That strengtheneth the spoiled – (Literally, spoil English margin) probably That maketh devastation to smile on the strong. . The smile, in anger, attests both the extremity of anger, and the consciousness of the ease, wherewith the offence can be punished. They were strong in their own strength; strong, as they deemed, in their fortress ; strong with an evil strength, like one phrensied against his physician. But their strength would be weakness. Desolation when God willed, would smile at all which they accounted might, and would come against the fortress, which, as they deemed, cut off all approach.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 9. That strengtheneth the spoiled] Who takes the part of the poor and oppressed against the oppressor; and, in the course of his providence, sets up the former, and depresses the latter.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
That strengtheneth the spoiled; you have been exceedingly weakened and spoiled by your enemies; yet return, repent, seek God, for he can renew your strength, that you shall spoil your spoilers who are strong.
Against the strong; the mighty, victorious, and insolent.
The spoiled, those that had lost their strength, and were as conquered,
shall come against the fortress; shall rally, re-embody, and form a siege against their besiegers: so God, whom you should serve, will soon turn all from dark and dismal into light and pleasing unto you and yours; in your apostacy all will be misery and darkness, but in your return all shall be well and prosperous with you.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
9. strengtheneth thespoiledliterally, “spoil” or “devastation”:hence the “person spoiled.” WINER,MAURER, and the bestmodern critics translate, “maketh devastation (ordestruction) suddenly to arise,” literally,”maketh it to gleam forth like the dawn.” Ancient versionssupport English Version. The Hebrew is elsewhere used,to make, to shine, to make glad: and as English Versionhere (Ps 39:13), “recoverstrength.”
the spoiled shallcome“devastation,” or “destruction shall comeupon” [MAURER].English Version expresses that, strong as Israel fanciesherself after the successes of Jeroboam II (2Ki14:25), even the weakest can be made by God to prevailagainst the strong.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong,…. Such as have been taken by an enemy, who have been stripped of their armour, and spoiled of all their goods and substance, and have no friends nor allies, nor anything to help themselves with; the Lord can supply them with strength, furnish them with weapons, and send them helpers, so that they shall rise up against their conquerors and spoilers, and in their turn subdue them. The Targum is,
“that strengthens the weak against the strong;”
or causes the weak to prevail over the strong. A learned man, from the use of the word in the Arabic language, chooses to render it, “who intends”, or “designs, destruction to the strong” d; that is, in his secret purposes, and which he brings about in providence; though he is doubtful whether it may not have the signification of recreation and refreshment, and whether the construction and circumstances will admit of it; and some do so translate it, “who refreshes himself with destruction against the strong” e; takes delight and pleasure in it; it is a recreation to him:
so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress: lay siege to it and take it, in which the spoiler thought himself secure with the spoil and substance he had taken from the spoiled; such sudden changes and vicissitudes can God bring upon men when he pleases. Some apply this to the Romans strengthened against the Jews, and besieging their fortified city Jerusalem; but not very aptly.
d “qui intendit destinat destructionem forti”, Hottinger, Smegma Orientale, l. 1. c. 7. p. 129. e “Qui recreat se vastatione contra fortem [sive] robustum”, Junius & Tremellius, Piscator, Tarnovius. So Stockius, p. 136.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
The Prophet speaks not now of the ordinary works of God, in which his majesty, inspiring the highest reverence, as well as his dread power, shines forth; but he more closely urges the Israelites, who had become so hardened in their vices, that they were wholly inflexible. Here then the Prophet charges them with contumacy and says, “What, think you, will take place? Ye are strong; but God will stir up robbers against you, who will prevail, and beat down and chatter in pieces that obduracy, through which you now resist God.” Thus after having filled them with dread by setting before them the course of nature, he now holds forth this threats that they would themselves have to feel the power of God: for however callous they were, and though in their ferocity they dared to rise up against God, he declares that it would avail them nothing; inasmuch as there was in God’s hand a waster, who would prevail against their obduracy.
And a waster, he says, shall ascend on the very fortresses, or shall enter the fortresses. The Prophet here, in an indirect way, laughs to scorn the vain confidence which filled the Israelites, on observing that they were inclosed in fortified cities and had defenses and a powerful army. All this, he says, will be wholly useless to them when God will raise up strong depredators, who will penetrate through well fortified gates, and leap over walls, and enter strongly defended cities. We now apprehend what the Prophet had in view in these words.
It will now be easy to apply this doctrine to our own instruction: Whenever we are not suitably moved, either by the truth, or by warnings, or by threatenings, let this come to our minds which the Prophet teaches here, namely, that God cannot be mocked, and that hypocrites gain nothing by their delusive ceremonies, when they sacrifice and present their expiations, which by no means please God, — how so? We may indeed easily learn the reason from the nature of God himself. Hence, that we may not transform God, let us learn to raise up our eyes to behold him, and also to look on all things around us; and this will constrain us to adore and fear his great power. It follows —
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(9) That strengthened.The rendering should be who causeth desolation to gleam upon the strong (who were priding themselves on their immunity), so that desolation cometh on the stronghold.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Amo 5:9. That strengtheneth the spoiled Who darteth out destruction upon the mighty, and bringeth devastation upon the fortress. Schultens. We need not be surprised to find Amos, who was only a herdsman, speak here of the stars as an astronomer, Amo 5:8. In Arabia, and in the neighbouring countries, to this present day, not only the shepherds, but the men in general, the women and children, know the names of the stars. Sanctius assures us, that the shepherds in Spain know perfectly well the stars of Ursa Major, Orion, the Pleiades, &c. and that they generally measure the time of night by the courses of these stars.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Amo 5:9 That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress.
Ver. 9. That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong ] Victorem a victo superari saepe videmus. God can quickly change the scene, turn the scales, Jer 37:10 , though ye had smitten the whole army of the Chaldeans, and there remained but wounded men among them, yet should they rise up every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire. In a bloody fight between Amurath III, king of Turks, and Lazarus, despot of Servia, many thousands fell on both sides. In conclusion the Turks had the victory, and Lazarus was slain. Amurath, after that great victory, with some few of his chief captains, taking view of the dead bodies, which without number lay on heaps in the field like mountains, a Christian soldier, sore wounded and all blood, seeing him, in staggering manner arose (as if it had been from death) out of a heap of slain men, and making toward him, for want of strength fell down various times by the way as he came, as if he had been a drunken man. At length, drawing nigh unto him, when they which guarded the king’s person would have stayed him, he was by Amurath himself commanded to come nearer, supposing that he would have craved his life of him. Thus this half-dead Christian, pressing nearer unto him, as if he would, for honour’s sake, have kissed his feet, suddenly stabbed him in the bottom of his belly with a short dagger which he had under his coat; of which wound that great king and conqueror presently died. The name of this man was Miles Cobelite, who, before sore wounded, was shortly after in the presence of Bajazet (Amurath’s son), cut into small pieces. So in that memorable fight between the Swissers and the Dolphin, near to Basil, when Burcardus, monk, a nobleman and a great soldier, grew proud of the victory, and put up his helmet that he might behold what a slaughter they had made, one of the half-dead Swissers, rising up upon his knees, threw a stone at him, which, hitting right, gave him his death’s wound. At the battle of Agincourt, where our Henry V won the day, the French were so confident of a victory, that they sent to King Henry, to know what ransom he would give. Henry, comforting his army with a speech, resolved to open his way over the enemy’s bosom, or else to die. After which, such was the courage of the English, notwithstanding their great wants, as he that ere while could scarcely bend his bow is able now to draw his yard long arrow to the very head.
So that the spoiled (or spoil) shall come against the fortress] And take it by assault. Deus loca, quantumvis valida, vasta facit. There is no strength against the Lord, Pro 21:30 .
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong = that makes destruction to corns suddenly to flash upon the strong.
so that the, &c = and destruction will come upon the fortress.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
strengtheneth: 2Ki 13:17, 2Ki 13:25, Jer 37:10, Heb 11:34
spoiled: Heb. spoil
Reciprocal: 2Ch 14:11 – nothing Psa 8:2 – strength
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Amo 5:9. Strengtheneth the spoiled means to support the man who has been overcome by a stronger force, and enable him to turn against his oppressor successfully.