Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Esther 7:4

For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, although the enemy could not countervail the king’s damage.

4. we are sold ] She refers to the bribe which Haman had offered the king for permission to destroy her people, and of which Mordecai had told her (Est 3:9, Est 4:7).

although the adversary could not have compensated for the king’s damage ] The original text is obscure. The R.V. makes good sense, as meaning that Haman, by enslaving the Jews, would do the king an injury (by depriving him of the persons of so many of his subjects and of the revenues derived from them) for which it would be out of his power to make compensation. The fatal objection to this rendering is that it is impossible as a translation of the Heb. as it stands, inasmuch as the word rendered ‘although’ cannot have that sense, but must be rendered for, or because.

The margin of the R.V., retaining the Heb. consonants as they stand while slightly changing a vowel [74] ( for our affliction is not to be compared with the king’s damage), means, ‘the suffering which would be inflicted on us is a trivial matter compared with the loss to the king.’

[74] Reading for .

Other translations are ( a) (keeping the same change of vowel in the Heb.) ‘for such oppression would not be worth troubling the king about,’ or ( b) (without the change of vowel) ‘for the adversary (Haman) is not worth troubling the king about.’ But we are not justified in forcing the word properly translated ‘damage’ to mean ‘annoyance. [75] ’ The LXX. have ‘for the adversary is not worthy of the court of the king.’ [76]

[75] It may be noted that the word is a ‘loan-word’ from Aramaic, and occurs in this passage only of the Bible.

[76] (apparently reading over again as ) .

Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

The king now learned, perhaps for the first time, that his favorite was a Jewess.

Although the enemy … – i. e. although the enemy (Haman) would not (even in that case) compensate (by his payment to the treasury) for the kings loss of so many subjects.

Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible

Verse 4. To be destroyed, to be slain] She here repeats the words which Haman put into the decree. See Es 3:13.

Could not countervail the king’s damage.] Even the ten thousand talents of silver could not be considered as a compensation to the state for the loss of a whole nation of people throughout all their generations.

Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible

We are sold by the craft and cruelty of that man, who offered a great sum of money to purchase our destruction.

I and my people; for we are all given up to his malice and rage, without any exception of my own person.

To be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish: she useth variety of expressions to make the deeper impression upon the kings mind.

I had held my tongue, because that calamity had neither been irrecoverable, nor intolerable, nor yet unprofitable to the king, for whose honour and service I should willingly have submitted myself and people to any kind of bondage.

The enemy could not countervail the kings damage; his ten thousand talents, if paid into the kings treasury, would not repair the kings loss in the customs and tributes which the king receives from the Jews within his dominions.

Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole

4. we are sold, I and my people, tobe destroyedthat is, by the cruel and perfidious scheme ofthat man, who offered an immense sum of money to purchase ourextermination. Esther dwelt on his contemplated atrocity, in avariety of expressions, which both evinced the depth of her ownemotions, and were intended to awaken similar feelings in the king’sbreast.

But if we had been sold forbondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongueThough a greatcalamity to the Jews, the enslavement of that people might haveenriched the national treasury; and, at all events, the policy, iffound from experience to be bad, could be altered. But thedestruction of such a body of people would be an irreparable evil,and all the talents Haman might pour into the treasury could notcompensate for the loss of their services.

Es7:7-10. THE KINGCAUSES HAMANTO BE HANGEDON HIS OWNGALLOWS.

Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish,…. She makes use of these several words, to express the utter destruction of her and her people, without any exception; not only the more to impress the king’s mind with it, but she has respect to the precise words of the decree, Es 3:13 as she has also to the 10,000 talents of silver Haman offered to pay the king for the grant of it, when she says, “we are sold”, or delivered to be destroyed:

but if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue: should never have asked for deliverance from bondage, but have patiently submitted to it, however unreasonable, unjust, and afflictive it would have been; because it might have been borne, and there might be hope of deliverance from it at one time or another; though it is said, slaves with the Persians were never made free g; but that being the case would not have been so great a loss to the king, who would have reaped some advantage by their servitude; whereas, by the death of them, he must sustain a loss which the enemy was not equal to, and which he could not compensate with all his riches; which, according to Ben Melech, is the sense of the next clause:

although the enemy could not countervail the king’s damage; or, “for the enemy cannot”, c. the 10,000 talents offered by him, and all the riches that he has, are not an equivalent to the loss the king would sustain by the death of such a multitude of people, from whom he received so large a tribute but this the enemy regarded not; and so Jarchi interprets it, the enemy took no care of, or was concerned about the king’s damage; but there is another sense, which Aben Ezra mentions, and is followed by some learned men, who take the word for “enemy” to signify “distress”, trouble, and anguish, as in Ps 4:1 and read the words, “for this distress would not be reckoned the king’s damage” h, or loss; though it would have been a distress to the Jews to have been sold for slaves, yet the loss to the king would not be so great as their death, since he would receive benefit by their service.

g Alex. ab. Alex. Genial. Dier. l. 3. c. 20. h “adversitas”, Drusius, De Dieu; “angustia”, Cocc. Lexic. in rad. .

Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible

(4) We are sold.See above, Est. 3:9.

To be destroyed. . . .Literally, to destroy and to kill, and to cause to perish. The identical words used in the kings proclamation for the destruction of the Jews. Herein Esther at once makes confession of her nationality, and relying on the kings still recent gratitude to one of the race, aided by his present cordiality to herself, she risks, as indeed she can no longer help doing, the fate of herself and her race on the momentary impulse of her fickle lord. Happily for her, God has willed that these, perhaps at any other time untrustworthy grounds of reliance, shall suffice. The hearts of kings are in His rule and governance, and now the heart of one is disposed and turned, as it seemeth best to His godly wisdom.

Although the enemy. . . .The meaning of this clause is not quite clear. The literal translation is, although (or because) the enemy is not equal to (i.e., does not make up for) the kings hurt. This may mean (a) that Haman, though willing to pay a large sum into the royal treasury, cannot thereby make up for the loss which the king must incur by wholesale massacre being carried on in his realm; or (b) were we merely to be sold into slavery, instead of being killed outright, I should have said nothing, because the enemy was not one worth the kings while to trouble himself about. We prefer the former view. The word enemy is that translated adversary, in Est. 7:6, and properly means one who oppresses, afflicts, distresses. The word which is, literally, equal to, comparable with, has already occurred in Est. 3:8; Est. 5:13.

Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)

4. We are sold Allusion to Haman’s offer to pay into the king”s treasury ten thousand talents. Est 3:9.

Destroyed slain perish She quotes the very words of the fearful edict, (Est 3:13,) and thus gives a most telling point and emphasis to her plea.

Although the enemy This sentence is obscure, and, perhaps, Esther meant that it should be ambiguous. The common version conveys the meaning that if the Jews were all sold into slavery, their enemy, who brought that woe upon them, could not, by any payment into the king’s treasury, recompense him for the loss he would sustain. But the Hebrew seems to make this last sentence give a reason for Esther’s keeping silence; namely, because ( ) she does not consider the enemy worthy of the trouble and injury it must cost the king to punish him, and counteract the decree of death that has gone forth against the Jews. The enemy to whom she contemptuously refers is, of course, Haman.

Countervail , the Kal participal, meaning, to be equal with; to be compared with. , damage, may be here taken in the sense of injurious trouble, annoyance, vexation.

Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Est 7:4. But if we had been sold for bond-men, &c. Would to God we had been sold for bond-men and bond-women! then I would have held my peace: although our enemy is not of so much worth that damage should be brought on the king. Houbigant. Esther means, that Haman was not a man of such consequence as to countervail the infamy which would fall on the king, and the loss which his kingdom would sustain, by the sacrifice of a whole nation to his resentment.

Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke

Est 7:4 For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, although the enemy could not countervail the king’s damage.

Ver. 4. For we are sold ] i.e. Given up wholly into the power of the enemy, as that which a man hath bought with his money, is his own to dispose of. She refers, doubtless, to the sum proffered by Haman, Est 3:9 , not fearing the face of so potent an enemy, nor going behind his back to set him out in his colours; yea, though her discourse could not but somewhat reflect upon the king, who had given Haman his consent.

I, and my people ] She makes it a common cause, and saith to her countrymen, as once David did to Abiathar, 1Sa 22:23 , or as Charles V said to Julius Pestugius, who complained that he had been much wronged by the duke of Saxony, Have a little patience, thy cause shall be my cause, neither will I sit down till I have seen you some way righted. See Est 7:3 .

To be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish ] These were the very words of that bloody decree which she purposely maketh use of, that he might be sensible of what he had consented to, and might see that she complained not without cause. But what a case was Haman in at the hearing of this! and how did he now repent him, but too late, of ever having a hand in so bloody a business! His iniquity was now full, and the bottle of his wickedness, filled up to the brim with those bitter waters, was even about to sink to the bottom. His gallows was finished last night, and now it groaned hard for him, that he might be destroyed, slain, and made to perish.

– Neque enim lex iustior ulla est,

Quam necis artifices arte perire sua.

But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen ] Though it had been a hard and sad condition for a queen, especially (which yet was Hecuba’s case and Zenobia’s), yet it would not be grievous to them to sacrifice their liberty to the service of their life: the Gibeonites were glad they might live upon any terms, Jos 9:24-25 . Masters might slay their bondservants, but that was counted a cruelty, and when one did it at Rome, he was amerced by the censor; many times they were manumitted for their good service, and came to great estates.

I had held my tongue ] Silence is in some cases a crying sin. Taciturnity, I confess, is sometimes a virtue, but not at all where it tends to the betraying of a good cause, or the detriment of the labouring Church. “For Zion’s sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem’s sake I will not rest,” &c., Isa 62:1 . Terentius, that noble general, told Valens, the Arian emperor, that he had abandoned the victory and sent it to the enemy, by his persecuting God’s people, and favouring heretics (Niceph. 1. 11, c. 40). That was an excellent saying of Jerome to Vigilantius, Meam iniuriam patienter tul/i, &c., while the wrong thou didst reached only to myself I took it patiently, but thy wickedness against God I cannot bear with; so was that of Oecolampadius to Servetus (blaming him for his sharpness to the self-same purpose). And, lastly, that of Luther in a letter to his friend Staupicius, Inveniar sane superbus, &c., Let me be accounted proud, peremptory, passionate, or what men please, so that I be not found guilty of a sinful silence when called to speak for God.

Although the enemy could not countervail the king’s damage] q.d. It is not his ten thousand talents, Est 3:9 , nor all that he is worth, and ten more such as he is, that can make up the loss that the king is sure to sustain by the slaughter of the Jews, a people painful and prayerful (this Daxius made high account of, Ezr 6:16 ), useful and profitable, careful to maintain good works in St Paul’s sense, Tit 3:8 , that is, such as were noted to exceed and excel others in witty inventions, to be their craftmasters, and faithtul to their trust. Besides, if they be taken away, great damage shall redound to the king’s revenue, by non-payment of toll, tribute, and custom, as those malignants could allege, Ezr 4:12 , a thing that princes usually are very sensible Of. Or if there should be lucrum in arca, money in the box, yet there would be damnum in conscientia, damnation in the conscience, the foul blur of blood guiltiness would lie heavy, both upon the king’s conscience, and his name among all nations. The Vulgate rendereth this text thus, Nunc autem hostis noster est, cuius crudelitas reduadat in regem. And now he is our enemy, whose cruelty reflecteth upon the king. Tremellius thus, Sed non est hostis iste utilis, damnosus est regi; but now this enemy is no way profitable, but to the king disadvantageous. This the king considers not, and the enemy cares not, so that he may serve his own turn, and satisfy his murderous mind.

Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)

are = have been.

sold. Implying that a bargain had been made.

destroyed . . . slain . . . perish. Note the Figure of speech Synonymia (App-6), to emphasize the urgency of her petition. Compare Est 3:13.

perish. See note on Est 3:13.

countervail = make good, or compensate.

Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics

we are sold: Est 3:9, Est 4:7, Est 4:8, Deu 28:68, 1Sa 22:23

to be destroyed: etc. Heb. that they should destroy, and kill, and cause to perish, Est 3:13, Est 8:11, Psa 44:22, Psa 44:23

But if we: Gen 37:26-28, Deu 28:68, Jos 9:23, Neh 5:5, Joe 3:6, Amo 2:6

the enemy: Est 7:6, Est 3:9

Reciprocal: Ezr 4:22 – why should Est 2:10 – had not showed Est 8:3 – mischief Est 8:6 – the evil Est 9:10 – enemy Job 2:4 – all that Pro 12:6 – the mouth Ecc 3:7 – and a time to speak Isa 50:1 – or which Jer 25:10 – take from Jer 38:9 – these Dan 6:2 – and the

Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Est 7:4. For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, &c. By the cruelty of that man, who offered a great sum to purchase our destruction. We have not forfeited our lives by any offence against the government, but are sold to gratify the pride and revenge of one man. If we had been sold for bond-men and bond-women Sold merely into slavery; I had held my tongue I would not have complained, for in time we might have been ransomed and delivered. But it is not our liberty only, but our lives that are sold. Although the enemy could not countervail the kings damage His ten thousand talents would not repair the kings loss in the customs and tributes, which the king receives from the Jews within his dominions, nor the injury his kingdom would sustain, by the loss of so many industrious hands out of it. To persecute good people is as impolitic as it is impious, and a manifest wrong to the interests of princes and states, which are weakened and empoverished by it.

Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

7:4 For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, although the enemy could not {b} countervail the king’s damage.

(b) Haman could not profit the king by his malice as much he would hinder him by the loss of the Jews and the tribute which he had from them.

Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes