Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Exodus 12:18
In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.
18. The more precise determination of the ‘7 days’ of v. 15. They were to begin with the evening of the day on which the Passover was killed, and to last till the evening of the 21st day.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Until the one and twentieth day, inclusively. For otherwise they were obliged to eat unleavened bread eight days, viz. on the day of the passover, Exo 12:8, and seven days after, which is strictly and properly called the feast of unleavened bread, because in them they were tied to that ceremony only, except the two days of a holy convocation.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
In the first month,…. As it was now ordered to be reckoned, the month Abib or Nisan:
the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread; that is, at the evening following, the fourteenth of Nisan, and which was the beginning of the fifteenth day, the Jews beginning their day from the evening: hence the Targum of Jonathan is,
“on the fourteenth of Nisan ye shall slay the passover, in the evening of the fifteenth ye shall eat unleavened bread:”
unto the twentieth day of the month at even; which would make just seven days; the above Targum adds,
“on the evening of the twenty second ye shall eat leavened bread,”
which was the evening following the twenty first day. This long abstinence from leaven denotes, that the whole lives of those who are Israelites indeed should be without guile, hypocrisy, and malice, and should be spent in sincerity and truth.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Verses 18-20:
The prohibition regarding leaven included not only bread, but also leaven of any kind. The time included in this was one week, from the fourteenth day to the twenty-first day of Abib.
“Stranger” includes those who had become proselytes. Gentiles who accepted Israel’s God, embraced Israel’s law and worship, and thus became beneficiaries of Israel’s covenants. It is significant that God did not exclude Gentiles from the benefits of His gracious covenants, see Ge 12:3. There are many references in the Law to proselytes, see Ex 20:10; 23:13; Nu 35:15;
“Born in the land” refers to a native-born Israelite.
“Habitations” refers to the homes of the Israelites, in whatever country they dwelt. This includes Egypt, Palestine, Babylon, Assyria, Persia, or wherever their journeyings might take them. Orthodox Jews observe the Passover today, wherever they live.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
(18) In the first month.The Hebrew omits month by a not unusual ellipse. (Comp. Eze. 1:1.)
At even.The evening intended is not that with which the fourteenth day began, but that with which it closed, the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth day. (See Lev. 23:5-6.)
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
18-20. These verses repeat and emphasize the details of the ordinance .
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
If the Reader will calculate, he will find that the fourteenth day at even was the night of deliverance from Egypt. And the one and twentieth day perhaps was the day of their passage through the Red Sea. Exo 14:29 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Exo 12:18 In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.
Ver. 18. Until the one and twentieth day. ] As Augustine said of the feast of pentecost, might these of the passover, may we of the Gun Powder Plot; Gaudet produci haec solemnitas. It were well if this holiday were a double day.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Exo 12:1, Exo 12:15, Lev 23:5, Lev 23:6, Num 28:16
Reciprocal: Jos 5:11 – unleavened cakes 2Ch 30:3 – at that time Mat 26:17 – the first Mar 8:15 – the leaven of the Mar 14:12 – the first Luk 22:7 – General Act 20:6 – the days
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
12:18 In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month at {k} even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.
(k) For in ancient times they counted in this way, beginning the day at sunset till the next day at the same time.