Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Exodus 9:12
And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.
12. As Exo 7:13; Exo 7:22 b, Exo 8:15 b, 19 b) (all P). The result, as foretold in Exo 7:4 a (P). On God’s ‘hardening’ Pharaoh’s heart, see p. 53 f.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh,…. He having often, and so long hardened his own heart, God gave him up to judicial hardness of heart, to his own corruptions, the temptations of Satan, and the lying magicians about him, to make an ill use of everything that offered to him, and put a wrong construction on all that befell him, so that whatever was said to him, or inflicted on him, made no impression to any purpose:
and he hearkened not unto them; to Moses and Aaron, and to the Lord by them:
as the Lord had spoken to Moses; both that he would harden his heart, and he should not hearken to them; all this was no other than what the Lord had said should be, Ex 4:21.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(12) The Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh.The judicial punitive hardening of Pharaohs heart by God Himself now began. As with the heathen in later times, because they did not like to retain God in their knowledge. God gave them over to a reprobate mind (Rom. 1:28), so now with Pharaoh: because he had twice hardened himselfi.e., resisted an impression made upon him, and crushed his inclination to yield to it (Exo. 8:15; Exo. 8:32), God hardened him. (See the comment on Exo. 4:21.)
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
12. And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh That is, by sending this manifestation of his anger he made his heart more hard . Punishment always hardens if it does not soften . It is worthy of remark that now, for the first time in the history, it is said that “the Lord hardened,” although this result of his sin had been predicted, Exo 4:21. Exo 7:13 is no exception; see the note . Here, then, is another marked stage in the history of these judgments . By persistent disobedience Pharaoh has now so blunted his moral sense that it is morally certain that he will not repent; that is, he has reached that state where punishment will only harden. Yet God punishes still. Since he will not honour him by obedience he must do it through punishment.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Observe the change of expression. Upon several instances before, it is said that Pharaoh hardened his own heart: but here it is said, that the Lord hardened it. When God gives a man up to a judicial blindness such will be the consequence. The most awful state on this side eternity. See those very solemn scriptures, Hos 4:17 ; Rom 1:28 ; 2Th 2:11-12 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Exo 9:12 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.
Ver. 12. And the Lord hardened. ] See Exo 9:7 ; Exo 4:21 , &c.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
as = according as.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Exo 4:21, Exo 7:13, Exo 7:14, Psa 81:11, Psa 81:12, Rev 16:10, Rev 16:11, Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience.
Reciprocal: Exo 9:7 – the heart Exo 10:20 – General Psa 69:27 – Add Amo 4:10 – yet
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Exo 9:12. And the Lord hardened Pharaohs heart Before he had hardened his own heart, and resisted the grace of God; and now God justly gave him up to his own hearts lusts, to strong delusions, permitting Satan to blind and harden him. Wilful hardness is generally punished with judicial hardness. Let us dread this as the sorest judgment a man can be under on this side hell.