Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Ezekiel 18:13
Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.
13. shall surely die ] The formula common in the law, “shall surely be put to death,” Lev 20:11; Exo 21:15; Exo 22:18.
his blood upon him ] He shall suffer the death due to his own deeds, ch. Eze 33:4; Lev 20:9 ; 2Sa 1:16.
Eze 18:14-20. Third link in the chain of illustration: this unrighteous man on the other hand begets a son who, seeing his father’s iniquities, is deterred by them and lives righteously. This son shall not die for the sins of his father, but live because of his own righteousness.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Verse 13. Shall he then live?] Because his father was a righteous man, shall the father’s holiness be imputed to him? No!
He shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.] He shall suffer for his own crimes.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
See Eze 18:8.
Shall he then live? Do you think his fathers righteousness shall preserve him from the punishment his own unrighteousness deserveth, my law threateneth, and my justice inflicteth? Shall he not with other sinners be spoiled, besieged, die by the sword or famine, or languish in a long captivity, and there die?
He shall not live; a decisive answer to the former question; such a one shall not prosper, nor long escape the strokes of my justice; and the answer is parallel with that Eze 17:10.
He hath done all these abominations; is personally involved in the sins which are worthy of death, and which are so expressly threatened by law and prophets.
Done; not only winked at, or not hindered, but hath been a forward, voluntary, active doer of them.
All these that are here, and elsewhere in this prophet, and in others, charged on the Jews as the cause of their calamities at this day.
Abominations; great enormities, sins to be abominated and hated, not practised and justified by shameless sinners.
He shall surely die; most certainly die; or if you suppose such a one finally impenitent, he shall surely die under temporal judgments, and so by the first death fall under the second death also: dying he shall die; a Hebrew phrase, and very full.
His blood shall be upon him; Heb. it is plural, bloods: both the blood of the innocent which he murdered, and his own blood, which thereby he forfeited, the blood of his own soul and life, that is, the whole blame of his misery in time and eternity, shall lie upon himself, who brought all those sorrows on himself by his own wickednesses.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
13. shall he . . . live?becauseof the merits of his father; answering, by contrast, to “die forthe iniquity of his father” (Eze18:17).
his blood shall be uponhimThe cause of his bloody death shall rest with himself; Godis not to blame, but is vindicated as just in punishing him.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase,…. Contrary to the law of God; [See comments on Eze 18:8];
shall he then live? by virtue of his father’s righteousness and goodness, free from calamities, and in the quiet possession of the land of Israel, and the good things of it:
he shall not live; but go into captivity, and be destitute of the good things of life he has enjoyed; and, without repentance, shall never have eternal life:
he hath done all these abominations; before mentioned; theft, murder, idolatry, adultery, oppression of the poor, and usury, sins against both tables of the law:
he shall surely die; the death of affliction, or undergo temporal punishment; and not only die corporeally, but eternally too, if grace prevent not: “in dying he shall die” f; as in the Hebrew text; he shall die both the first and second death; his father’s goodness shall not save him from either:
his blood shall be upon him; or “bloods” g; the innocent blood he has shed, which he must answer for being guilty of, and shall not escape righteous judgment, and his own blood, the destruction of himself; he shall be the cause of his own ruin, and bring just punishment on his own head.
f “moriendo morietur”, Pagninus, Montanus. g “sanguines ejus”, Montanus.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(13) Hath done all these abominations.This expression is collective, while that in Eze. 18:10 is partitive. This is not because he who commits one sin is considered as having committed all, but because he who willingly commits any sin thereby puts himself into the class of sinners, of those who do not wish or intend to abide by the Divine will, but choose rather to do their own. Such a man places himself among the enemies of God. (Comp. Jas. 2:10.)
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
13. He shall surely die, etc. The legal sentence (Exo 21:15; Exo 22:18; Lev 20:11).
His blood shall be upon him He is responsible for his own death (Eze 33:4; Lev 20:9; 2Sa 1:16; Mat 27:24-25).
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Eze 18:13. His blood shall be upon him “He hath drawn down upon himself the utmost distress by his sin; which can be imputed to no other than himself.” The Chaldee renders it, He is condemned to die.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Eze 18:13 Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.
Ver. 13. He hath done all these abominations. ] Or, If he have done but one of them, and undo it not again by true repentance.
He shall surely die.
His blood shall be upon him.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
his blood shall be upon him. Reference to Pentateuch (Lev 20:9, Lev 20:11, Lev 20:12, Lev 20:13, Lev 20:16, Lev 20:27). App-92.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
given: Eze 18:8, Eze 18:17
shall he: Eze 18:24, Eze 18:28, Eze 18:32
blood: Heb. bloods, Eze 3:18, Eze 33:4, Lev 20:9, Lev 20:11-13, Lev 20:27, Act 18:6
Reciprocal: Gen 2:17 – surely Lev 25:36 – usury Deu 23:19 – General 2Sa 1:16 – Thy blood 1Ki 2:37 – thy blood 1Ki 8:32 – condemning 2Ki 8:10 – he shall surely die Neh 5:10 – leave Psa 12:5 – oppression Pro 28:8 – unjust gain Jer 4:1 – put away Eze 18:20 – soul that Eze 22:12 – thou hast Hos 12:14 – therefore Mal 2:11 – and an
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Eze 18:13. It was unlawful under the law of Moses to exact usury (interest) of a Jewish brother. Instead, if a loan was made to him, the lender could require a pledge in the form of some article of value, but even that must be returned at sundown.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
18:13 Hath given forth upon interest, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; {c} he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.
(c) He shows how the son is punished for his father’s sin: that is, if he is wicked as his father was and does not repent, he will be punished as his father was, or else not.