Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Ezra 4:17
[Then] sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and [to] Shimshai the scribe, and [to] the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and [unto] the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.
17. an answer ] Another Persian word in the original, ‘pithgama’, used also in Est 1:20, a ‘decree’, and Ecc 8:11, ‘sentence’. The LXX. omits. Vulg. ‘verbum’. Here = a royal rescript.
Rehum &c.] see Ezr 4:9.
that dwell in Samaria ] A detail not mentioned with such directness in Ezr 4:10. A comparison with that verse shows that the city, not the district, is intended.
unto the rest beyond the river ] So margin of R.V. R.V. text in the rest of the country beyond the river. See Ezr 4:10, where the application of the word ‘rest’ is clearly the same. There it follows after the verb ‘set in’ (lit. ‘cause to dwell’), here after the verb ‘dwell’. The district or territory, not the population, is referred to.
and at such a time ] R.V. and so forth. Cf. Ezr 4:11.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Ezr 4:17-24
Them sent the king an answer.
The temporary triumph of the wicked
I. Examine the letter of the king. This letter suggests–
1. That the subtlety of the wicked frequently obtains a temporary triumph over the good.
2. That one generation frequently suffers through the sins of another and earlier one. The Jews smarted for their sins of Jehoiakim and Zedekiah.
3. That the cause of God is frequently reproached and hindered by the evil conduct of some of its adherents. The rebellions of Jehoiakim and Zedekiah were now made use of to asperse the Jews and to stop the work of God. All who love the gospel should therefore walk circumspectly.
II. The action of the Samaritans. Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes letter was read, etc. Their action was–
1. Prompt.
2. Personal.
3. Powerful.
Learn:
1. That the temporary triumph of a cause or a party is not a proof of its righteousness. The death and burial of Christ.
2. That we are not competent to judge the relation of the present events to the purpose and providence of the great God. (William Jones.)
Unto the rest beyond the river, Peace.
Peace beyond the river
I. The advent message of the church to sinners is, Beyond the river, Peace!, She tells of a promised land and arouses the slaves of sin.
II. Christ is come and with Him peace, but we must go to meet Him.
III. The road thither is hard–We must cross the river of self-denial. A legend says that once a wanderer went to a city, and the first man he met said to him, Of course you come to see our famous statue? and each one he met in that town told him of the famous statue; and, moreover, each one prided himself in having something to do with it: this one to guard it; that one to keep it clean, and so forth. As the traveller stood before it he asked, Who is this? Oh! weve forgotten his name, was the reply, but thats no matter, it is a splendid statue, and the glory of our town. Sadly the wanderer turned away, and do you know, dear people, as he went out of the gate some little children cried, Why, that is the man our famous statue was put up to! Is it not still possible for men and women to be church-goers and church-workers, to be proud of their Church, and yet the Living Christ passes by unknown? (The Literacy Churchman.)
.
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 17. Peace, and at such a time] The word ucheeth is like that which we have already considered on Ezr 4:10, and probably has the same meaning.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe,…. This affair, upon examination, being found to be of importance, the king of Persia thought fit to send an answer to the above letter, which was doing them an honour, and gave them the power and authority they wished to have:
and to the rest of their companions that dwelt in Samaria; in the kingdom, province, and cities of Samaria:
and unto the rest beyond the river; the river Euphrates, the rest of the nations before mentioned, Ezr 4:9.
Peace, and at such a time: that is, all health and prosperity, &c.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
17 Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time. 18 The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me. 19 And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. 20 There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them. 21 Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me. 22 Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings? 23 Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes’ letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power. 24 Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.
Here we have,
I. The orders which the king of Persia gave, in answer to the information sent him by the Samaritans against the Jews. He suffered himself to be imposed upon by their fraud and falsehood, took no care to examine the allegations of their petition concerning that which the Jews were now doing, but took it for granted that the charge was true, and was very willing to gratify them with an order of council to stay proceedings. 1. He consulted the records concerning Jerusalem, and found that it had indeed rebelled against the king of Babylon, and therefore that it was, as they called it, a bad city (v. 19), and withal that in times past kings had reigned there, to whom all the countries on that side the river had been tributaries (v. 20), and that therefore there was danger that if ever they were able (which they were never likely to be) they would claim them again. Thus he says as they said, and pretends to give a reason for so doing. See the hard fate of princes, who must see and hear with other men’s eyes and ears, and give judgment upon things as they are represented to them, though often represented falsely. God’s judgment is always just because he sees things as they are, and it is according to truth. 2. He appointed these Samaritans to stop the building of the city immediately, till further orders should be given about it, Ezr 4:21; Ezr 4:22. Neither they, in their letter, nor he, in his order, make any mention of the temple, and the building of that, because both they and he knew that they had not only a permission, but a command, from Cyrus to rebuild that, which even these Samaritans had not the confidence to move for the repeal of. They spoke only of the city: “Let not that be built,” that is, as a city with walls and gates; “whatever you do, prevent that, lest damage grow to the hurt of the kings:” he would not that the crown should lose by his wearing it.
II. The use which the enemies of the Jews made of these orders, so fraudulently obtained; upon the receipt of them they went up in haste to Jerusalem, v. 23. Their feet ran to evil, Prov. i. 16. They were impatient till the builders were served with this prohibition, which they produced as their warrant to make them cease by force and power. As they abused the king in obtaining this order by their mis-informations, so they abused him in the execution of it; for the order was only to prevent the walling of the city, but, having force and power on their side, they construed it as relating to the temple, for it was that to which they had an ill will, and which they only wanted some colour to hinder the building of. There was indeed a general clause in the order, to cause these men to cease, which had reference to their complaint about building the walls; but they applied it to the building of the temple. See what need we have to pray, not only for kings, but for all in authority under them, and the governors sent by them, because the quietness and peaceableness of our lives, in all godliness and honesty, depend very much upon the integrity and wisdom of inferior magistrates, as well as the supreme. The consequence was that the work of the house of God ceased for a time, through the power and insolence of its enemies; and so, through the coldness and indifference of its friends, it stood still till the second year of Darius Hystaspes, for to me it seems clear by the thread of this sacred history that it was that Darius, v. 24. Though now a stop was put to it by the violence of the Samaritans, yet that they might soon after have gone on by connivance, if they had had a due affection to the work, appears by this, that before they had that express warrant from the king for doing it (ch. vi.) they were reproved by the prophets for not doing it, Ezr 5:1; Hag 1:1, compared with Ezr 5:1; Hag 1:1, c. If they had taken due care to inform Cambyses of the truth of this case, perhaps he would have recalled his order but, for aught I know, some of the builders were almost as willing it should cease as the adversaries themselves were. At some periods the church has suffered more by the coldness of its friends than by the heat of its enemies; but both together commonly make church-work slow work.
Fuente: Matthew Henry’s Whole Bible Commentary
Work Stopped, Verses 17-24
Rehum eventually got the answer the Samaritans wanted from the king. The king had complied with their suggestions in examining the archives concerning Jerusalem. He had found what they claimed to be true, about former kings. The findings of more recent history had shown how that the wicked sons of Josiah had repeatedly rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar until he was compelled to raze the city and carry the inhabitants into captivity. The Jews then in Jerusalem, and purportedly rebuilding it, were less than a century removed from that event, and this doubtless served as a reason for precautionary measures by the emperor.
As the new king of Persia extended his search to earlier times he discovered, as his informers suggested, that the land beyond the Euphrates had once been dominated by mighty kings ruling from Jerusalem, and that the people then living in those lands had to pay tribute and toll to them. These kings, of course, were David and Solomon, whose regal majesty was unsurpassed. If such could occur in past times there might be possibility that it may again be done. Of course, to truly think such an event possible exhibited shortsightedness and ignorance on the part of the king, for most of the Jews were still in Persia, and only a few thousand in Jerusalem. Neither did the king realize that Israel’s past glory was accomplished through the power of God. It must be that the chief reason for stopping the building was a hatred for the Jews and extreme bias against them from the king down.
The commandment was that the building should cease entirely,
until further instruction from the Persian king that possible damage and hurt to him might be avoided. Rehum and his cohorts were to go in haste to Jerusalem and force the Jews to stop building. The command for haste was hardly necessary for these eager henchmen of the Devil. They did not delay in carrying out the king’s command, and the work on the temple was stopped not to be commenced for a period of years, when Darius had consolidated himself on Persia’s throne. It is the constant purpose of Satan to bring the work of God’s people to a halt (2Ti 4:14-15).
These important lessons should be emphasized: 1) Triumph over Satan in one matter will not keep him from attacking elsewhere; 2) false religionists can make their intent look good and innocent to the unwary, but Christians need to be prepared to unveil their real purpose by a knowledge of God’s will; 3) the Devil always has prominent persons ready and anxious to do his bidding against the Lord’s people; 4) past mistakes will hinder the testimony of God’s servants in the future; 5) it is easy to convince the ungodly to act against the faithful servants of the Lord.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
3. Artaxerxes replies and orders the work stopped.
TEXT, Ezr. 4:17-22
17
Then the king sent an answer to Rehum the commander, to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their colleagues who live in Samaria and in the rest of the provinces beyond the River: Peace. And now
18
the document which you sent us has been translated and read before me.
19
And a decree has been issued by me, and a search has been made and it has been discovered that that city has risen up against the kings in past days, that rebellion and revolt have been perpetrated in it,
20
that mighty kings have ruled over Jerusalem, governing all the provinces beyond the River, and that tribute, custom, and toll were paid to them.
21
So, now issue a decree to make these men stop work, that the city may not be rebuilt until a decree is issued by me.
22
And beware of being negligent in carrying out this matter; why should damage increase to the detriment of the kings?
COMMENT
Ezr. 4:17 is the heading and salutation of the letter. Rehum and Shimshai (cf. Ezr. 4:8) are identified with the lands of Samaria and its neighbors. Peace (Shelam) would be the common greeting of their culture. Here again is the And now separating the salutation from the body of the letter.
Ezr. 4:18 acknowledges receipt of the Samaritans letter. There is no mention of any defense offered by or sought from the people of Jerusalem. The handling of this case by Artaxerxes, who accepted the letter from Jerusalems enemies at face value and did not go beyond the walls of his palace to check it for factual accuracy or to gather information from the other side, reveals something of the character of this man who had no legitimate claim to the throne but who pretended to be someone whom he was not.
Ezr. 4:19-20 give us the results of the search. Usually when one looks for something long enough, he can find it; so evidence of Jerusalems rebellious character was uncovered. It would be hard to find a record of any city in history which at some point had not resisted its conquerors.
The record of Jerusalem is unfortunate, however, in that much of the resistance and rebellion had been useless and ill-advised. The Prophets, and specifically Jeremiah, had cautioned against it from the times of Jehoiakim to Zedekiah (Jer. 21:8-9; Jer. 27:1-22). Their disobedience to God at that point surely added to their burden now. More than a half century has passed, and Gods people still pay a price for the sins of their leaders. In truth, it had been the failure of Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah to keep their words to their conquerors that had caused their city to be totally reduced to rubble. (2Ki. 24:1; 2Ki. 24:12; 2Ki. 24:20).
The mighty kings of Ezr. 4:20 most likely were David and Solomon. It is interesting that Babylon had noticed and recorded the extensiveness of their reigns. Apparently the Persian king believed that David and Solomons collecting tribute, custom and tolls justified the charge made in Ezr. 4:13, that a healthy Jerusalem would endanger his ability to collect these for himself from this whole territory.
Ezr. 4:21-22 order the official issuance of the command to stop all work, and require strict compliance in carrying it out.
TEXT, Ezr. 4:23-24
4. The work comes to a halt.
23 Then as soon as the copy of King Artaxerxes document was read before Rehum and Shimshai the scribe and their colleagues, they went in haste to Jerusalem to the Jews and stopped them by force of arms.
24 Then work on the house of God in Jerusalem ceased, and it was stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.
COMMENT
Ezr. 4:23 speaks of the total stoppage of work by force of arms. It was now 520 B.C.; judging from Ezr. 4:4 f., it had virtually stopped a minimum of nine years before.
In Ezr. 4:24 it is the cessation of work on the Temple that is spoken of specifically; yet it was the wall and the city that were mentioned in the complaint. Gods enemies often work by indirection and by subterfuge. Fortunately, it was but a few months till Darius, a more worthy king, ascended the throne. By the second year of his rule, his character would be known by his subjects even in Jerusalem, setting the stage for the events of the next chapter.
WORD STUDIES
1.
ENEMY: Tsar: Ezr. 4:4; the basic idea in the word is to exert pressure: hence, to press in on, or oppress. It is the word used in Psa. 23:5. Of course, most of the people who do this are our enemies; but even our friends or relatives, consciously or unconsciously, can add pressure to us. Many of Israels most bitter enemies were peoples most closely related to her. God prepares a table (provides) for us in the midst of all these situations.
2.
DISCOURAGE: Meraph Yadim: Ezr. 4:4; literally, as in KJV, weaken the hands. It means to make the hands hang down, to relax, let fall, or weaken: thus, to discourage, The word is in the repetitive participial form indicating continuity of action; they continuously again and again weakened the hands.
3.
TRIBUTE: Mindah: Ezr. 4:13; has the basic idea of a gift, i.e., the kind of a gift measured out; it is always used of another nation, for example to avoid military attack.
4.
CUSTOM: Belo: Ezr. 4:13; payment in kind; i.e., a portion of the crops. This tax would usually be paid by a nations own citizens.
5.
TOLL: Halak: Ezr. 4:13; privilege to walk; hence, payment for passage through a land.
6.
SALT: Melach: Ezr. 4:14. Possibly it means to be rubbed small, or pulverized. Since salt is used to preserve, it was used as a symbol of an enduring, permanent agreement, forever sacred and inviolable. Salt must always accompany offerings (Lev. 2:13), as a symbol of a perpetual bond of friendship and loyalty.
SUMMARY
In chapter four, the Samaritans and other neighbors of Jerusalem offer their assistance to rebuild the Temple, but their help is refused. They therefore seek to interrupt the project by using influence in the Persian court, especially by having a deceptive letter written. Their complaint was that the people were rebuilding walls as a threat of rebellion; they made no mention that the Temple was being built. This resulted in a sixteen-year period of progressively intensified delay, and the eventual order to stop all work. The report of the stoppage in Ezr. 4:24 may be intended to cover more than one single incident; it was the objective of the continued efforts throughout the time period of this chapter, and was the result of all these incidents. Thus matters stood till the second year of Darius reign.
Fuente: College Press Bible Study Textbook Series
(17) Peace, and at such a time.Salutation, and so forth. The account of the reply and the beginning of it are strangely blended, as before.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
17. An answer The original word ( ) conveys the idea not only of an answer, but also of a decree: an edict.
Peace, and at such a time Rather, peace, and so forth. This expression denotes that the customary formularies of introduction are omitted. See note on Ezr 4:11.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
EXPOSITION
Ezr 4:17
Then sent the king an answer. The complaint made was of such importance that an answer was returned without delay. It was addressed both to Rehum and Shimshai, since they were independent authorities.. Peace, and at such a time. “Peace” (sheldm) is the ordinary Oriental salutation. The other word, uk’eth, is taken by our translators to refer to the date; but it really means, like uk’eneth (Ezr 4:10), “and so forth,” or “et cetera.”
Ezr 4:18
The letter hath been plainly read before me. Despatches are read to, not by, Oriental sovereigns, who have often no literary education. (Compare Est 6:1.)
Ezr 4:19
I commanded, and search has been made. The Pseudo-Smerdis, who was a fanatical adherent of Magism, which disallowed temples altogether (Herod; 1.130), and who had already destroyed the temples of Ormuzd in Persia (‘Behistun Ins.,’ col. 1. par. 14, 5), was naturally willing enough to do as the Samaritans desired, and stop the restoration of the Jewish temple. Accordingly, he had a search made among the state records, and found, as they had expected he would, evidence of insurrections on the part of the Jews against the foreign countries to which they had been subject, as Assyria (2Ki 18:7) and Babylon (2Ki 24:1; Jer 52:3), and also proof of the formidable power possessed by certain Jewish or Israelite kings; upon which he thought himself justified in complying with the Samaritan request, and ordering the work that was going on at Jerusalem to cease (see Ezr 4:21).
Ezr 4:20
Mighty kings. David and Solomon best answer to this description, possessing as they did a kingdom which extended from the Euphrates to the borders of Egypt (1Ki 4:21, 1Ki 4:24), and drawing tribute from the various petty princes or chiefs of the nations dwelling within those limits (2Sa 8:6-12; 1Ki 10:14, 1Ki 10:25). Josiah had perhaps, more recently, possessed an almost equally extensive sway.
Ezr 4:21
Until another commandment shall be given. It can scarcely be supposed that the Pseudo-Smerdis had any intention of issuing “another commandment;” but, since “the laws of the Medes and Persians,” as a general rule, “altered not” (Est 1:19; Dan 6:15), it may well be that the clause before us was one inserted as a matter of form in most decrees, to prevent them from being irrevocable.
Ezr 4:23
They went up in haste. The “adversaries” lost no time. Having obtained the decree which forbad further building, they proceeded with it to Jerusalem, and by a display of force compelled the Jews to submission. No doubt resistance might have been made, but resistance would have been rebellion.
Ezr 4:24
Then ceased the work until the second year of the reign of Darius. The interval of compelled inaction was not long. The Pseudo-Smerdis reigned, at the utmost, ten months; after which a revolution occurred, and the throne was occupied by Darius, the son of Hystaspes. If the work was resumed early in this monarch’s second year, the entire period of suspension cannot have much exceeded a year and a half. King of Persia. There is probably no intention of distinguishing the Darius of this book from “Darius the Mede” (Dan 5:31; Dan 6:1). “King of Persia” is appended to his name merely out of respect and honor, as it is to the names of Cyrus (Dan 1:1, Dan 1:2, Dan 1:8), Artaxerxes I. (Dan 4:7), and Artaxerxes II. (Dan 6:14). Such a superfluous attachment to his name of the style and title of a monarch is common throughout the Old Testament, and generally marks a distinct intention to do the individual honour (see Gen 41:46; 1Ki 3:1; 1Ki 9:11, 1Ki 9:16; 1Ki 11:18; 2Ch 36:22, etc.).
HOMILETICS
Ezr 4:6-16
The work maligned.
Besides “hiring counsellors,” as mentioned in Ezr 4:5; or, it may be, in order to provide these counsellors with documents to present and act on; we are here told that the Samaritan “adversaries” sent various letters to the Persian kings against the temple builders at Jerusalem. One of these, sent to a king here styled Ahasuerus, is merely referred to as an “accusation.” Another and more successful one, sent “in the days of Artaxerxes,” is described at full length. With many commentators of note and of various schools (see Wordsworth, in loc.), we shall assume these two kings, notwithstanding the apparent diversity of their names, to be Cambyses and the Pseudo-Smerdis, the son and pretended son, and two next successors, of Cyrus. In any case the latter-named letter (verse 33), if not an exact copy, may be regarded as a fair sample, of what was sent. Looked at thus from the Jewish side of the question, it was a most formidable production:equally so whether we now consider, on the one hand, its writers; or, on the other hand, its contents.
I. THE WRITERS. Much of the importance of a letter turns, of course, on this point. Were they
(1) persons of note? It is evident that they were in this case. “Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel”(Ezr 4:7) were clearly well-known names at that time. No one then required to be told who they were. It is also evident that they were
(2) persons of much acuteness. They had their letter written in the Syrian or Aramaic language and characters, as being those used (Lange) in Western Persia in all official documents. Such a plan, of course, would give their letter all the better chance of perusal. Further, it was so contrived that some of those signing the letter should be
(3) men of rank. Every Persian governor (so Herodotus, quoted by Rawlinson) was accompanied to his province by a royal secretary, having an independent authority of his own. These correspond in this instance to the “chancellor” and the “scribe” who are described in Ezr 4:8 as writing the “letter against Jerusalem.” Bish-lam, etc; in all probability, were its concocters and framers; Rehum and Shimshai its official senders. Both sets appear also to have been
(4) men of much influence. Mention is made both of them and their “companions.“ They acted for others besides themselves; for others who could be named, but are not. At the same time, there were others named by them, as persons joining with them in sending this letter, whose names were such as to give it much additional weight. These were men, for example, who, in the matter of origin, represented very various cities, provinces, and races in the wide empire of Persia; such as ancient Erech (Gen 10:10), mighty Babylon, royal Susa, and others. Yet they were men, again, who, as to recent history and present position, represented only the province from which the letter came, having been brought long ago to where they were by the same kind of imperial authority as that to which they appealed (Ezr 4:10). All these things made them the right persons to address the ruler of the whole empire respecting a matter affecting the welfare of the whole empire, yet arising exclusively in that province of it in which they all dwelt. Not only so, these same individuals, as a matter of fact, represented the whole of that province. With the exception of those they wrote about, they were able to speak of themselves as all “the men on that side the river.” In a word, numbers, rank, influence, authority, character, origin, situationthe writers of the present letter had all these things on their side. It was, indeed, a great league; reminding us of what we read of in Psa 83:3-8, and Act 4:27, and (as something to happen hereafter) in Rev 20:7-9. In the presence of such a league the temple builders were like the two flocks described in 1Ki 20:27; or like the disciples when the Saviour said to them as in Mat 10:16.
II. THE CONTENTS of the letter. These also were very formidable, because both weighty and well put. They comprised
1. A severe accusation. The returned Jews were described as rebuilding a city always notorious for its evil nameJerusalem “the rebellious” (Mat 10:12). Such a charge no chief governor could afford to pass by. Such a charge, also, in this instance, had a very plausible look. Situated as the temple was, at the eastern edge of the city heights, the building of its foundation and enclosures (the real work of the men of Jerusalem) might easily be misrepresented as a “making ready” of the “walls” of the “city” itself.
2. A plain warning. “In the judgment of us who live on the spot, this thing is even worse than it seems. The building of this city means, in reality, the building of a fortress against the king; and that means, in turn, serious loss of revenue; for no taxes of any sort will that city pay, whether in money, or kind, or for using the highways.”
3. A skilful apology. Why do we refer at all to so unpleasant a contingency? Simply as a matter of duty, and because of our loyalty. Having eaten of the king’s salt (margin), being his dependents and subjects (possibly also his covenanted servants, 2Ch 13:5), we could not see even such possibility of hurt without speaking.
4. An appeal to history. Besides, the king can judge for himself on this subject. He has only to inquire for himself in the government records, and see what has always been said there about this city. Why, in fact, if not thus “rebellious,” was it ever destroyed?
5. An appeal to reason. If things be thus, what must be the consequencethe inevitable consequence of such a city being again established? Has our warning gone far enough, in reality? There will not only be rebellion here, but a rival sovereignty; not only some revenue, but a whole province, lost. Such, at any rate (so we assure the king), is our fear.
This subject illustrates
1. The perilous nature of Christian warfare. All the neighbours of the Jews were against them; all that could be urged was urged against them, and in the very best way. It would be difficult to improve the letter before us, considering the purpose in view. So many, so powerful, so subtle always are the enemies of the Church. (Comp. Mat 24:9; Luk 21:16, Luk 21:17; Act 28:22.) Consider also, in a different sphere, Job 1:9-11; Job 2:4-6; Rev 12:10; and the very meaning of the name Diabolus.
2. The secret of Christian vitality. How has the Church survived all this except by help from above? Could Jerusalem have survived this present league and letter if left to itself? Comp. “I have reserved to myself,” in Rom 11:4; 1Ki 19:18.
3. The proper direction of Christian trust. With such enemies, with such accusers, to whom must we look for defence? Not to other men, not to ourselves, but only to the appointed “Advocate, Jesus Christ the righteous” (1Jn 2:1). He is more than all that are against us (Num 14:9; Psa 27:1-3; Psa 118:6). Also, being our “propitiation” (1Jn 2:2), he can say more for us than they against us. (Comp. “I have prayed for thee,” in Luk 22:31, Luk 22:32; and see Rom 8:33, Rom 8:34; Heb 7:25.)
HOMILIES BY J.S. EXELL
Ezr 4:4-16
The world’s opposition to the Church.
We observe, in reference to the world’s opposition to the Church
I. THAT IT OFTEN SEEKS TO HINDER USEFUL ENTERPRISE, These Samaritans sought to “trouble them in building” (Ezr 4:4). As Israel was employed in rebuilding the ruined temple, so the Church is engaged in erecting a great spiritual temple; this noble enterprise is hindered by the varied enmity of the world. The moral building is hindered as well by the pleasures as by the enmity of men: how sinful to hinder the work of God.
II. THAT IT COMBINES A VARIED AGENCY.
1. Costly. “And hired counsellors against them” (Ezr 4:5). The world often expends much time and money in its opposition to the work of God; it always has “counsellors” ready to take its unprofitable pay. The Church opposes with the unsearchable riches of Christ.
2. Numerous. The enemies of the Church are legion; but more are for it than all that can be against it.
3. Competent. The men here named were capable of the most effective method of obtaining their end; the enemies of the Church are often socially great and mentally gifted. Learning is sometimes arrayed against the Church. But God hath chosen the weak things of the earth to confound the mighty.
4. Influential. These men have influence with the king, and stay the work of Israel. But a faithful Israel has power with God, and shall prevail. Strange are the intellectual and social elements allied against the Church.
III. THAT IT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF POLITICAL CHANGES. “And in the reign of Ahasuerus” (Ezr 4:6). During the former reign the Samaritan enmity did not obtain much favour; but it is more successful with the new king. This opposition is
1. Persistent. Kings may die, but it continues.
2. Vigilant. It is ever on the outlook for new opportunity.
3. Flattering. Thus it seeks to win its way with the new monarch. The Church must remember that Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, to-day, and ever; his purpose standeth sure.
4. An appeal to self-interest. “En-damage the revenue of the kings” (Ezr 4:13).”
IV. THAT IT MAKES A CUNNING USE OF MISREPRESENTATION. “They will not pay toll” (Ezr 4:13). The worldly opposition represents the Church of God as injurious to the state.
1. Rebellious. “Building the rebellious” (Ezr 4:12). That the Church will obey God rather than the king; true if their laws come into collision; but are not Christians the most law-abiding subjects?
2. Defrauding. “They will not pay toll.” But does not the Church render unto God the things that are his, and to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s?
3. Hypocritical. They build not the walls of Jerusalem for God, but to shut out the king.
4. Wicked. They designate Jerusalem a “bad city.” Thus the world maligns the Church; it spoke evil of Christ; it will undervalue his followers.
V. THAT IT MAKES THE PRETENCE OF A DISINTERESTED MOTIVE. “It was not meet for us to see the king’s dishonour” (Ezr 4:14). The world will not allow that its opposition is angry or jealous. The most wicked plans seek the aid of righteous pleas. This opposition appears
1. Disinterested. It does not seek its own, but the king’s welfare.
2. Loyal. They had “the king’s maintenance,” and therefore inform the king of his peril.
3. Open. They will tell the king plainly of the matter, and he can decide. Thus would the world conceal its hatred to the Church.
VI. THAT IT PUTS A FALSE INTERPRETATION UPON NATIONAL HISTORY. “That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers” (Ezr 4:15).
1. The historical record. The history of the Church is blended with the history of the world; the Divine and human records move together.
2. The historical argument.
3. The historical perversion. History, rightly interpreted, is on the side of the Church.
4. The historical vindication. We justify Israel now and condemn the Samaritans; time will surely vindicate the Church.E.
HOMILIES BY W. CLARKSON
Ezr 4:6-24
Three thoughts from old documents.
The determined attempts made by the Samaritans to prevent the Jews from building the temple and the walls of Jerusalem are well illustrated in the correspondence between them and the king of Persia. Documents passed between the two of which we have the superscription and contents in these verses. They remind us
I. THAT MEN MAY TAKE AN IMMENSITY OF TROUBLE TO DO OTHER PEOPLE HARM AND MAKE THEMSELVES INFAMOUS. These men, “in the days of Artaxerxes” (Ezr 4:7), secured the sympathy and co-operation of the Persian “chancellor” and “scribe” (Ezr 4:8); also of their “companions,” various Persian colonists then living in Samaria (Ezr 4:9), with “the rest of the nations” whom “Asnapper brought over and set in their cities” (Ezr 4:10): with their aid and through their medium they gained access to King Artaxerxes, and induced him to listen to a long statement of complaint. They had a momentary success, as the king granted their prayer and arrested the work; but in the end their evil designs were defeated, and those against whom they plotted gained their end. All that these malignant Samaritans did was to annoy and delay without defeating their neighbours, while they have earned for themselves a most unenviable immortality. This document is only read now by those who will condemn their conduct. How often do we see men putting forth patient energy, expending great ingenuity and labour, to compass that in which it is best for them to fail, of which they will live to be ashamed. If there be a sense in which “all labour is profit” (Pro 14:23), it is also painfully true that thousands of men are laboriously engaged in doing work which will perish, and had better perish; in making a name and repute which they would be glad afterwards to hide. Well for those who are doing that which really serves, that which will stand, that for which other generations will not rebuke but bless them.
II. THAT A TIME OF SPECIAL ACTIVITY WILL PROBABLY PROVE A TIME OF UNUSUAL ENDURANCE (Ezr 4:12-16). The Jews at this time were actively engaged in buildingnot merely in erecting stone walls, but in rebuilding a nation, in relaying the foundations of the kingdom and cause of God. Thus employed, they found themselves exposed to bitter hostility and deadly machination. Their nearest neighbours were plotting against them; and now they were doing that which is always found very difficult to endurethey were misrepresenting and maligning them; they were reporting them to the king as a “rebellious and bad city” (Ezr 4:12), bent on refusing to “pay toll, tribute, and custom” (Ezr 4:13), “hurtful unto kings and provinces,” intending to break off their allegiance, so that the king “would have no portion on this side the river.” Though not incapable of turbulence, and not indisposed to throw off a foreign yoke when that should be possible, the Jews were not cherishing any purpose of this kind; they had been faithful subjects when in Persia, and they had honourable and loyal intentions now. This “accusation” (Ezr 4:6) was essentially false; it was a malignant misrepresentation. When men are actively engaged in building the kingdom of Christ, they may expect Samaritan misrepresentations. Things will be said-by the ill-disposed which, as here, may have a colouring of truth, but which are essentially false. We must not mind misrepresentation when we are doing earnest and faithful work. The very excellency of our effort will bring down the hatred and opposition of those who are enemies of the truth, and our work and ourselves will be slandered; we may find ourselves members of a “sect everywhere spoken against.” We shall not, then, forget who it was that was charged with sedition, and so far from being surprised that “the disciple is not above his master,” we shall rejoice that we are counted worthy to “partake of the sufferings of Christ.” No truly great work has ever been wrought which has not been covered at times with black clouds of misrepresentation.
III. THAT SELFISHNESS AND JUSTICE ARE SELDOM ASSOCIATED TOGETHER. The king listened to those who seemed so desirous of serving him; he was inclined to believe those that were anxious his “revenue should not be endamaged” (Ezr 4:13), who did not wish to “see the king’s dishonour” (Ezr 4:14), and who took measures that he should not lose his “portion on one side the river” (Ezr 4:16). And search being made, it was easy to find some incidents which might be construed in the sense of these complainants: the city “of old time had made insurrection,” etc. (Ezr 4:19); there had been “mighty kings” to whom “toll, tribute, and custom” had been paid, etc.there might be some possible danger too in the future; let the work cease for the present (Ezr 4:21), for “why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?” (Ezr 4:22). Rather send bitter disappointment to the holiest hopes of a province than endanger the prosperity of kings. Thus does self-interest pervert justice. To save themselves from slight, remote, and contingent harm, men will cause much present and certain injury to their fellows. Selfishness is unfair and o
HOMILETICS
Ezr 4:17-24
The work stopped.
The ostensible object of the letter to Artaxerxes (Ezr 4:11-16) was to stop the building of the walls of Jerusalem. Its real object was to put a stop to the building of God’s house. In this for a time it succeeded, as our present passage records. Two things are to be especially noticed in the story of this grievous success. The weapon obtained was most efficient; the use made of it was most effectual.
I. As EFFICIENT AID IS AS EVIL PLAN. This the Samaritans found provided for them in the reply of King Artaxerxes. Besides the bare fact of having a reply at all, which was satisfactory so far as showing that their accusation had reached headquarters (as they had planned), the reply itself, when examined, turned out all they could wish. For example, its language showed that their representations had met
(1) with most favourable attention. The number and character of those making them (as noted in our last) had been duly observed (Ezr 4:17). Their friendly object in doing so was acknowledged by the usual friendly salutation (“Peace,” etc. ) in return. Also, the contents of the letter had been submitted carefully to the notice of the king (Ezr 4:18; comp. Est 6:1). As a beginning, therefore, what could be better? Next, we find that the recommendations of the letter had met
(2) with most ready compliance. The suggested “search” had been formally ordered, and properly instituted and carried out. Further, the result of that search had proved such as to give their words of warning
(3) most ample support. All that they had said was found true. Jerusalem,was found described in the government archives as “seditious,” and that “of old (Ezr 4:19). Also their fears as to the loss of revenue, and even of the province, had been fully justified by the search. Jerusalem, so it was found, had formerly both ruled and taxed all “beyond the river;” and might do so again, of course, if rebuilt (Ezr 4:20). Not only so, but it may perhaps be noticed that, so far as the search went, nothing of an adverse nature had been found; or, at any rate, if found, had not been referred to. Est 6:2, Est 6:4 are at least sufficient to show how different a complexion the results of this search might have had, if thorough and earnest. Also, that, had it been so, the designs of the Samaritans would probably not have met, as we find them doing,
(4) with such signal success. For example, the builders at Jerusalem were to be made to “cease,” the very upshot wished for. Not only so, they were not to begin again, except by express permission for it from the king himself. This “commandment” was to continue binding until there should be “another commandment” in its place. Added to which, the Samaritans themselves were not only at liberty, as though by a kind of “permissive legislation,” to see to the execution of this decree of the king, but they were strongly urged, and almost entreated in fact, to prevent its infraction. One can see, in that concluding remonstrance, how well their (mis)-representations had told; and how fully they had succeeded in alarming and arousing the jealous covetousness of the king. “Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the king?” Must they not have read this language with a smile of triumph as well as joy? Here was the king, in urging his own desires, forwarding theirs even more. Here was that which could be used against the Jewish elders at their only. strong pointas it seemed. The one thing, as noted before, which appeared to give any strength to the builders of the temple, was the edict of Cyrus. Here was a similar edict, still more urgent and quite as explicit, on the exactly opposite side. Surely the means of success, if not success itself, was now placed in their power.
II. AN EFFICIENT AID IN AN EVIL PLAN EFFECTUALLY EMPLOYED. Were the Samaritans able to use the aid thus placed in their hands? Were they satisfied with merely obtaining so welcome a decree? Unless a weapon is effectually wielded, it might as well remain hanging up in the armoury. Unless a decree is made known and enforced, it differs nothing from one not yet passedso far, at any rate, as its results are concerned? The Samaritan leaders and council, to whom came, in the first instance, the above-described decree of the king, seem to have been fully alive to these truths. They appear to have met together (verse 23) in order to hear its contents. It was doubtless “read before” them with all proper state. After this, there was
(1) no delay. They proceeded to take action on it “in haste.” They determined to strike, as we say, while the iron was hot. Also, they did this, we find,
(2) in person; not deputing action, it seems, on so pressing a matter, to any kind of subordinates. “They” themselves, who had thus received the letter, and heard it read, at once proceeded to act. May we not notice, too, in what way they did so? Namely, on the one hand,
(3) as to place. They went to Jerusalem, the city in question, the place which the king’s letter and their wishes had both so plainly in anew. Also, on the other hand,
(4) as to persons. They went “to Jerusalem to the Jews,” it is stated; i.e; as we take it, to the Jewish rulers and elders (so the expression “the Jews” is constantly used by St. John in his Gospel); in other words, to those men at Jerusalem who were actually engaged in directing and overseeing the erection of the temple, and so were those really responsible, in fact, for the whole of that work. Nor is this quite all we are told. We are told, further, of these Samaritan authoritiesand the point being expressly mentioned seems worthy of a special note, at least, in passingthat they “made” the Jewish authorities “to cease” from their work; and that they did so, also, “by force and power”that is to say, no doubt, with a very considerable exhibition of ill-usage and threat. In a word, it is as though, with this decree from Shushan in their hands, they had rushed all the way from Samaria and struck these Jerusalem Jews as they worked; and that with so much force and such a degree of skill as to deprive them of all power to go on. Nothing, in fact, could be better aimed, nothing more effectual, than this their stroke. It utterly destroyed the thing struck; at any rate for so long a time, and so completely, that there was nothing more to be said. “Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem.” Not till a year and a half have passed by, not till a new king and even a new dynasty have appeared on the scene, shall we hear of it again!
See, therefore, in this matter
1. The mystery of God‘s ways. The omnipotent God himself allowed his own work to be stopped l Not merely his own workmen. That is another thing, and often the case. Even such a stoppage, however, is, not uncommonly, a sufficiently mysterious thing in our eyes. The Baptist, apparently, felt this himself (Mat 11:2-6). Who, again, without marvel, can see the glorious sunrise of Stephen’s ministry (Act 6:8-13) so suddenly set before men (Jer 15:9; Act 7:59). But this phenomenon of the cessation of the work itself is more marvellous still, because it appears at first hardly consistent with God’s own attributes and nature. Does it mean that he has changed his purposes (1Sa 15:29; Rom 11:29; Jas 1:17)? Or that he cannot carry them out? Especially may we ask thus where the work in question is one for which he has done so much and so triumphantly, as in this instance (see chaps, 1.-3; almost throughout). And still more where the cessation of the work is brought about by the enemies of himself and his people, and that with such a spring-tide of success as our eyes have just seen. The greatest things and the smallest (so our attention to some of the very minutiae of this case has served to show us), the “stars in their courses” and the dust of the desert have seemed in league here with God’s foes And the end has beenwhat? The open failure, in the eyes of his enemies, and in the eyes of his friends as well, of the undertaking on which he had set his heart. That is what that deserted temple enclosure, with its manifestly interrupted labours, and its sorry wealth of unused materials, seemed to say for so long. It was like the flag of the enemies of Jehovah waving triumphantly over the very citadel of his strength (Psa 74:7)!
2. The mercy of God‘s ways. After all, the case was not desperate. There was just a gleam of light in the darkness; a gleam, it is possible, that would never have been noticed unless the surrounding darkness had been so extreme; a gleam, however, all the more worthy of notice on that very account. Why that singular suggestion of a possible second “commandment” in the (otherwise) unfaltering royal decree of this chapter? Does Scripture tell us of anything like it in any other document of this nature (comp. Ezr 1:2-4; Ezr 6:6-12; Ezr 7:11-26; Dan 3:29; Dan 6:25-27)? Considering, indeed, the almost excessive value attached by the ancient Persian government to the idea of “finality” in its legislation (Dan 6:1-28. throughout), is not this curious hint in the exactly opposite direction a feature of most singular note? And may we not believe, therefore, with all reverence, that we see in it the special handiwork and the special mercy of God himself? Often does he give such dim but priceless glimmerings of hope to those on the very verge of despair (see Jdg 13:22, Jdg 13:23; 2Sa 24:12-14; Jer 4:27; Jer 5:9, Jer 5:10, Jer 5:18; Luk 8:49, Luk 8:50; Luk 24:17, Luk 24:32; Act 20:9, Act 20:10). This is equally true of his Church (Psa 12:1), and of souls (Psa 27:13). So often may it be said of both of them, as in 2Co 4:8, 2Co 4:9.
ften cruel. To be
HOMILIES BY J.S. EXELL
Ezr 4:17-24
Man hindering the work of God.
I. THAT MEN ARE CAPABLE OF HINDERING THE WORK OF GOD. “Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded” (Ezr 4:21).
1. Presumptuous. “Then ceased the work of the house of God.” How could presumption be greater than to stop the work of God; let men pluck the stars from the heavens, but let them not injure the Church of Christ.
2. Perplexing. Is it not a mystery that the Eternal will allow frail and sinful men to impede the work of his people?
3. Prejudicial. The walls of Jerusalem required restoration. The temple must be built and the old worship restored. This hindrance is injurious to the Jewish commonwealth. How do men prejudice great interests by staying the beneficent ministries of the Church.
4. Permitted. These hindrances were allowed for a time, that new energy might be stimulated, that the mercy of God might be seen in the aid given to the dejected workers, and his glory in the final defeat of all enemies.
5. Preparatory. To greater success; the pent-up stream will soon flow on more rapidly.
6. Patient. The work of the Church is patient; it will outlive all enmity.
II. THE METHODS WHICH ARE MOST CALCULATED TO HINDER THE WORK OF GOD. The letter to the king caused the work to cease. The impediments to Church work are
1. External. The political may hinder the moral; unjust law, civil persecution, and the force of circumstances may sometimes cause the work of God to cease
(1) Haste.
(2) Force (verse. 23).
2. Internal. The work of God is more often hindered by a low spiritual condition, by a quarrelsome temper, by a critical spirit, by the thoughtless word; it is indeed sad to cause moral work to cease from within. See the responsibility of conduct, when a word may, like this letter to the king, stay the work of God.
III. THE CONSEQUENCES WHICH FOLLOW WHEN THE WORK OF GOD IS HINDERED.
1. Disappointment. After the generous edict of Cyrus how disappointing this order to cease work. How often is the Church disappointed in her best efforts.
2. Complaint. No doubt many Israelites would indulge a complaining spirit. The Church should not grumble when its work is hindered, but pray.
3. Sorrow. That the good work should be unfinished.
4. Hope. That God will yet undertake their cause.E.
true and just one must be disinterested.C.
HOMILIES BY A. MACKENNAL
Ezr 4:24; Ezr 5:1
Hindrances.
These two verses suggest the two sorts of hindrances which, immediately after the foundation of the temple, interfered with the progress of the building of it Circumstances were adverse to the Jews; these are recorded in Ezra
4; and are illustrated in the Persian history of the time. There crept over the people a growing indifference to the work; they became unready for the self-denial which it demanded; their spiritual unfitness for it was increased by the presence of the external obstacles: to understand this we must turn to the prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah. This is the right way to study all history. The issue of events cannot be understood apart from the moral condition of the men who are affected by them; men’s moral condition, again, and their actions are profoundly affected by circumstances. The Divine Providence ordains and permits events; in the use we make of them our character reveals itself, here our responsibility lies. The letter of Artaxerxes effectually prevented the progress of the building: “then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem.” No prophet rebuked the people during this period; rebukes of inaction, when activity is impossible, only fret and wear out the soul. There is “a time to keep silence,” as well as “a time to speak.” With the accession of Darius, work, though it might be arduous, became possible; and then Haggai and Zechariah did not spare their words. God gives us men as well as times and seasons. He gives also men of different qualifications according to different needs: the preacher as well as the workman; him who has insight into the springs of human conduct as well as him who can lend activity. Haggai and Zechariah are henceforth joined with Zerubbabel and Jeshua as builders of the temple (Ezr 5:2; Ezr 6:14).
I. THE OUTWARD HINDRANCES.
(a) The jealousy of the surrounding heathen (Ezr 4:1-3). These were the people mentioned in 2Ki 17:24-41, sent to occupy the northern kingdom when the Israelites were carried away into Assyria. They were superstitious (2Ki 17:26), followers of the lustful and cruel worship, to contend against which the Hebrew nation was raised up (2Ki 17:29 -31). They had no conception of Deity but that of polytheism (2Ki 17:26, 2Ki 17:32, 2Ki 17:33, 2Ki 17:41). It was impossible for the Jews to admit their partnership in building the temple. It would have been treason to the object for which Cyrus had sent them back; it would have been a denial of their own faith; it would have been a new provocation of God. Our age, which understands that truth is one and indivisible, ought to be able to see that not intolerance, but fidelity, prompted their refusal. These people, from whom the leaders of the Jews expected trouble at the first, (Ezr 3:3), and whom they counted “adversaries” (Ezr 4:1) directly opposed them and intrigued against them at the court of Persia.
(b) No direct appeal was made to cyrus to countermand the proclamation which was the charter of the Jews’ return. “The law of the Medes and Persians altereth not.” But no protection was afforded them. The history of the later years of Cyrus is obscure. “The warlike prince,” says Rawlinson, “who conquered the Persian empire did little to organise it.” He was pursuing schemes of conquest to the last. The Jews were left in their feebleness to execute his original decree in their favour as best they could.
(c) The troubled history of Cambyses, the Ahasuerus of Ezra, enables us to understand why he too was indifferent to a local quarrel in a distant province. His jealousy of his brother was his first engrossing care. Then came his schemes of conquest, necessitating his absence from his capital; and, finally, the revolution which placed the Pseudo-Smerdis (Artaxerxes) on the throne. We can understand the indecisive character of Ezr 4:6.
(d) The whole character of the Persian rule was changed on the accession of Artaxerxes. A usurper, he had no loyalty to the purpose of Cyrus. A “Magian,” he was out of sympathy with the Zoroastrianism of his great predecessor. Appeal was made to political jealousy alone; the history of the Jews had shown they were too strong to be tolerated (Ezr 4:12-16). The appeal was successful: “then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem.”
II. THE MORAL HINDRANCES. The people were reluctant to resume work when the accession of Darius made it possible. Darius was a second Cyrus; “the greatest of the Persian monarchs.” He was a strong man, a conqueror. He knew the need of good government, and organised his empire. He abolished tributary kingships, and placed in every district an officer directly responsible to the supreme authority. Such a man would not tolerate petty local jealousies; he was worthy of trust. Hence Haggai and Zechariah began to urge on the work of building; and Zerubbabel and Jeshua began to build. Then appeared the old vices of the people, testified against by many a prophet; they were also demoralised by their enforced inaction.
(a) They were dispirited. Haggai urges them “be strong.” God is with them: “my spirit remaineth among you, fear ye not.” All resources are his, “the silver and the gold? He can make all nations serve them. “The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former” (Hag 2:1-9). Zechariah’s prophecy glows with encouragement and hope. God loves his people (Zec 1:14-17; Zec 2:8, Zec 2:10-12). Jeshua and Zerubbabel are his chosen servants (Zec 2:1-13; Zec 3:1-10.). The prosperity of Jerusalem is assured (Ezr 8:1-8).
(b) They were worldly. The force of character native to the Jews, diverted from the work of building, had found a channel in agriculture and trade. Some were rich, dwelling in “celled houses” (Hag 1:4); they were very active (Hag 1:6). And they were hypocritical, making professed regard for God’s word an excuse for their unreadiness. They had begun too soon; the “seventy years” of Jeremiah were not completed: “the time is not come, the time that the Lord’s house should be built.”
(c) They were selfish. The old sins of oppression were rife (Zec 7:8-10), side by side with sanctimoniousness (verses 1-7). They were careless of justice and truth (Ezr 8:16, Ezr 8:17). They were dishonest and perjured (v. 4). These are the very vices that a time of adversity is likely to foster. One of the perils against which we ought to be on our guard when a check is imposed on our prosperity, and we find ourselves unable, for a time, to execute a noble purpose, is that we drop into an altogether lower mood. A few men can mould circumstances; there are more, but still few, who are indifferent to them; most men are profoundly affected by them. Practical lessons:
1. Since circumstances so intimately affect our moral and spiritual life, the sphere of circumstance is a sphere for prayer. “Give me neither poverty nor riches.” To limit the use of prayer to personal character is impossible; for among the influences affecting personal character are the order of nature, and the course of events.
2. Let all circumstances be rightly used by us. There are virtues, as well as vices, fostered by special seasons. Prosperity may nourish the generous virtues; a liberal habit acquired in prosperity may help to preserve us from a craven, niggardly spirit in times of care. Adversity may give us an opportunity for patience, meekness, and faith; and, by teaching us to be indifferent to personal ease, may fit us to consecrate returning prosperity to God and our fellows.
3. Our responsibility for the use we make of varying circumstances. These may master us or we may master them. Our ability to read the “signs of the times” is an indication of our moral character. Contrast the Jews’ perversion of the “seventy years'” prophecy (Hag 1:2) with the prophets’ quick perception, so soon as the second year of Darius, that here was a man on whom they could rely, and that the time was come to resume work. Compare also our Lord’s solemn denunciations of the Pharisees (Mat 16:1-4). It is thus, by events working upon and revealing character, that time is preparing our eternity.M.
HOMILIES BY W. CLARKSON
Ezr 4:24; Ezr 5:1, Ezr 5:2
Spiritual amendment.
It is quite true that the building of the house of the Lord ceased in consequence of the opposition of the Samaritans; it is also true that this cessation continued because of their animosity and opposition. Yet this does not express the whole truth. Here, as elsewhere, if not everywhere, different causes combined to produce the one result. The long inactivity on the part of the returned Jews was partly due to their own moral deficiency; there was with them some
I. SLACKNESS. “Then ceased the work,” etc. (verse 24). We have here the great advantage of being able to compare one book of Scripture with another, and (what is more) a historical with a prophetical book. Comparing Hag 1:1-15. with Ezr 5:1-17; we conclude that, under the pressure from without, the first zeal of the liberated captives cooled, and that they allowed themselves to be too much affected by the unfriendliness of their neighbours. If it was really necessaryas perhaps it wasto lay down their weapons at the first, they might have resumed them much sooner than they did. They permitted nearly two years to pass without venturing to take up that which they laid down. Meantime the first ardour abated, and priests and people, taking their tone from the governor and the high priest, settled down into satisfaction when they should have been filled with eagerness and anxiety. A noble aspiration was rapidly giving way to an ignoble contentment. This is but too frequently recurring a page in the history of human goodness. First an all-consuming ardour, an intensity of heat which promises to shine with utmost brilliance and burn up everything which is impure; then, after a while, the light dies down, the spirit cools, and only a few sparks, with a little smoke, are left. First devotion, which thinks the hours of worship all too short; zeal which longs to multiply its labours; consecration which prefers the post of danger and the field of difficulty. Then languor, laziness, love of ease; the hours of worship are too long; the duties too heavy; the perils too great. The sanctuary is passed by, the vineyard deserted, the enterprise abandoned.
II. REPROOF (Ezr 5:1). “Then the prophets prophesied,” etc. How vigorously, after the manner of a Hebrew prophet, Haggai reproved and incited Zerubbabel and Jeshua, we may read in both chapters of that book of prophecy. “Is it time for you to dwell in your cieled houses, and this house lie waste?” is the burden of the Lord which Haggai delivered. These men of Godfor he was joined by Zechariahmust have sought the praise of God rather than that of man; their one care was to be faithful to him in whose name they spoke, and so to “deliver their soul.” They did not “prophesy smooth things,” but rough, hard, trying things. Not only those whose chief vocation and profession it is to speak for God, but all who fear his name and call themselves his disciples, must be ready, on occasion, to declare the “burden of the Lord,” to speak the word which is unpalatable, which wounds and troubles the soul. Sometimes it is our duty, like the Master, to send men away “sorrowful” (Mat 19:22). Sometimes we must receive in grief rather than anger the reproaches of our friends. “Faithful are the wounds of a friend.”
III. RECOVERY. “Then rose up Zerubbabel and Jeshua, and began to build” (verse 2). The Jewish leaders hearkened to the voice of God speaking to them through the prophets, and they regained their lost devotedness. “Then they rose up, and began to build.” They heeded the admonitions given, and cheerfully co-operated with those who gave them. They had the wisdom to perceive that they were wrong; they frankly owned it, and they promptly and energetically set themselves to rectify their ways. Here is true manliness as well as wisdom. It is a weak and foolish thing for a man to go on in a false course when he sees that he is in the wrong. There is nothing which more
(1) honours our manhood than to submit at once to the known will of God, whether by pursuing our path, or by returning in our way, or by holding our hand. There is nothing which more
(2) conduces to our own spiritual elevation and dignity. Before honour is humility; if we humble ourselves, when wrong, we begin at once to enter the path which leads to true exaltation. There is nothing which more
(3) conducts to lasting usefulness and joy. If Zerubbabel had rejected the counsel of the Lord, he would certainly have suffered. As it was, he was honoured and enriched of heaven.C.
Fuente: The Complete Pulpit Commentary
The accomplishment of their wicked purpose may serve to show us how the Lord is pleased sometimes, for the exercise of faith in his people, to let the enemy triumph. And when the short-lived victories of our deadly foes have this blessed effect upon our hearts to make us more sensible of our nothingness, and to make Jesus and his fulness more precious; even our foes become instruments in the Lord’s hand to his glory and our greater good. When the Jews had nailed Jesus to the cross, how distressed must have been the minds of all his followers. But behold, that cross soon after became his people’s glory, and now it is the everlasting joy of all his followers, and will be the song of redemption in heaven with all the ransomed of Jesus forevermore.
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Ezr 4:17 [Then] sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and [to] Shimshai the scribe, and [to] the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and [unto] the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.
Ver. 17. Peace, and at such a time ] As the Latins saluting say, Ave, or Salve, the Greeks , so the Hebrews and Syrians say, Shalom lach, that is, Peace be to thee (Hieron.). The Turks’ salutation at this day also is, Salaam aleek, the reply, Aleek Salaum, peace is a complexive blessing (Blount).
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: Ezr 4:17-22
17Then the king sent an answer to Rehum the commander, to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their colleagues who live in Samaria and in the rest of the provinces beyond the River: Peace. And now 18the document which you sent to us has been translated and read before me. 19A decree has been issued by me, and a search has been made and it has been discovered that that city has risen up against the kings in past days, that rebellion and revolt have been perpetrated in it, 20that mighty kings have ruled over Jerusalem, governing all the provinces beyond the River, and that tribute, custom and toll were paid to them. 21So, now issue a decree to make these men stop work, that this city may not be rebuilt until a decree is issued by me. 22Beware of being negligent in carrying out this matter; why should damage increase to the detriment of the kings?
Ezr 4:20 This is a purposeful overstatement which continues the provocative flavor of this letter. Neither David nor Solomon ruled over the entire area west of the Euphrates River (but Solomon was close to doing so).
Ezr 4:21 It is surprising that Artaxerxes responded positively to these letters (i.e., Ezr 4:7 & Ezr 4:8-16), since he is the very one who allowed Ezra to return and bring others with him and also responded so positively to Nehemiah’s request to go and rebuild the walls of the city of Jerusalem.
Fuente: You Can Understand the Bible: Study Guide Commentary Series by Bob Utley
answer. Chaldee. pithgam = an order or decree. A Persian word. Occurs only here and Ezr 5:5, Ezr 5:11; Ezr 6:11. Dan 3:16; Dan 4:17.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
companions: Chal, societies, Ezr 4:7, Ezr 4:9
Peace: Ezr 5:7, Ezr 7:12, Luk 10:5, Act 23:26, Rom 1:7
at such a time: Ezr 4:10, Ezr 4:11
Reciprocal: Gen 43:23 – Peace Ezr 4:23 – Rehum Dan 4:1 – Peace Dan 6:25 – Peace Oba 1:19 – the fields of Ephraim
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
4:17 [Then] sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and [to] Shimshai the scribe, and [to] the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and [unto] the rest beyond the river, {l} Peace, and {m} at such a time.
(l) Or Shalom, salvation or greeting.
(m) Or, Cheeth, also called Cheeneth as in Ezr 4:10.