Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Genesis 42:11
We [are] all one man’s sons; we [are] true [men], thy servants are no spies.
11. true men ] Lit. “straight,” i.e. genuine and above suspicion.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Gen 42:11-17
We are true men
True life
I.
THE MISTAKEN ESTIMATE. We are true men. Were they? They spoke for themselves, they spoke for one another; but had they a good report of the truth itself? You know better than that–they were not true men, anything but true men. How came it to pass that they formed such a mistaken estimate of themselves? How comes it to pass that men now-a-days form similarly false estimates of themselves?
1. They dwelt on their superficial goodness, and forgot their deeper wickedness. We are no spies. No; they felt hurt by the very suspicion; they would have scorned the thing. But there are worse things than going forth to see the nakedness of the land, worse men than spies. And these very men were guilty of far greater wickedness (see Gen 37:2; Gen 37:4-5; Gen 37:11; Gen 37:18; Gen 37:20). They were guilty of malice, falsehood, treachery, murder. Their conduct was unmanly, unbrotherly, unfilial. They were not spies, but they were liars, impostors, kidnappers, fratricides, monsters. But they ignored the profound wickedness, and dwelt fondly upon a goodness which was not very good. Is not this a very common method with us still? We think how blameless we are in matters on the very surface of life, and forget how guilty we are in the weightier matters of the law.
2. They dwelt on their exceptional goodness, and forgot their prevailing wickedness. We are no spies. They were right here, but in how many respects were they wanting? How many base characteristics they had we have just seen. But is not this seizing on some creditable trait of character, and ignoring all the bad traits a constant source of self deception? Says the prodigal son, listening to some story of covetousness and meanness, Well, anyhow, nobody can charge me with money-grubbing! And the man who is a walking lie, a mass of selfishness, full of egotism and pride, will reply, when some one is convicted of tippling, Well, thank heaven, I never was a beast! People think sometimes that the Pharisee is only found in the Church among seemingly good people; but the Pharisee is in the world also, in the most outrageous stoners, and it is often curious to hear the sanctimonious accent in the hiccup of the drunkard, and to see the broad phylactery showing through the finery of the harlot. The apostle says, If we offend in one point we are guilty of all, but we argue as if to keep one point was to be innocent of all. True men. They are true all round, the soundness of their hearts discovering itself in the harmony and beauty of their whole life. But, alas I we judge ourselves by some phase of exceptional goodness, and because we are not spies conclude ourselves saints.
3. They dwelt on their present goodness and forgot their past wickedness. We are no spies. They were right in that matter, right at that time, but what of the past? The moral insensibility and forgetfulness exhibited by these men is simply surprising. So it is with ourselves. Nothing is more startling than our moral unconsciousness and forgetfulness. We easily believe time sponges out all disagreeable records, and presents us with a clean state. True men. We are not true men until we are purged from our old sins.
II. THE PAINFUL EXPOSURE. How wonderfully God can cleave to our very heart, and show us what spirit we are of, no matter how profoundly we may have been disguised from ourselves. Many years ago in Brazil a slave found what was supposed to be a diamond of nearly a pound weight. It was presented to the emperor, constantly guarded by soldiers, and was supposed to represent millions of money. But an English mineralogist produced a cutting diamond, and scratched the supposed mammoth prize. One scratch was enough, if it had been a real gem it would not have taken a scratch, it was no diamond at all, the millions vanished in a moment into thin air. So God detects and exposes character. It was thus in the narrative before us. And Joseph said unto them the third day, This do, and live; for I fear God: if ye be true men bring your youngest brother unto me. That single scratch spoiled all the string of diamonds. And they said one to another, We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us. The true men were found out, they knew themselves to be frauds. So God finds us all out one day or the other, one way or other. We notice sometimes with our friends how they suddenly stand revealed to us in a light most unexpected; they flash upon us in a character hitherto wholly unsuspected by us. And so our true self is long concealed from ourself, but at last God by His Spirit makes us know our true self, and we are filled with astonishment and distress. By Christ the thoughts of many hearts are revealed. By the Spirit of Christ the world is convinced of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment. The Pharisee at last becomes a publican, and smiting on his breast, cries, God be merciful to me a sinner. A true man. Is not that the very grandest character you can give a man? How eloquent it is! A true man. Is not that the very grandest epitaph you can write over the dead? Rich man, successful man, great man, gifted man, no, none of these are to be compared with a true man. We all covet that inscription far more than sculptured urn or animated bust. And yet many of us are painfully conscious that we are not true men. Oh! no, far from it. How full we are of weakness, hypocrisy, confusion, misery. False and full of sin I am. But we may be all made true men. Jesus was the true man, the Son of Man, as Luther calls Him, the Proper Man. Oh! how brave, noble, majestic, tender, pure, true, was the ideal Man. How grand is man when he reaches the full conception of his nature! And Christ can make us true men, that is His mission. (W. L. Watkinson.)
Searchings of heart
I. PAINFUL SUSPENSE.
II. PANGS OF REMORSE.
III. A PERPLEXING INCIDENT (Gen 42:27-28).
IV. A PLAINTIVE LAMENT (Gen 42:36; Gen 42:38). (W. S. Smith, B. D.)
The accusation
Far be it from us to say that Joseph had attained absolute perfection when he was on earth, although his virtues were far beyond those of most other men. It will not be easy, or rather it will be impossible, to exempt him from the charge of dissimulation, when he alleged that his brethren were spies. His words are not to be considered as an assertion, but they express a suspicion, which certainly did not enter into his mind. His design was good. He meant to humble them for their good, but good intentions will not excuse a departure from truth. He knew that they were not spies come to see the nakedness of the land, but he wished, without discovering himself to them, to be informed of the welfare of his father and of his fathers house. It is to be remembered that Joseph lived before the law was given. The light which discovers sin and duty shone less brightly in his days than in ours, and therefore the limits between what is lawful and what is unlawful would not be so easily discerned. It is likewise to be feared that Josephs station as Prime Minister in the court of Pharaoh led him into connections, and placed him in circumstances, unfavourable to progress in virtue. He held fast his integrity, and would not let it go amidst great temptations, but human infirmity discovered itself in some parts of his conduct. (G. Lawson, D. D.)
The answer
It could not be supposed that one man would suffer ten of his sons to engage at once in a business so full of perils as that of spies, or that so many brethren should risk the almost total extirpation of their fathers house at one blow. It requires a very daring spirit for a man to venture his own life in an office so desperate; but who would venture at once his own life and the life of almost all that are dear to him along with his own? Clear proof, at least, is requisite before belief can be given to an accusation so improbable as this which was laid against Josephs brethren, when it was known that they all belonged to the same house, and that there was only one brother left at home with a father sinking under the burden of age. We are true men, we are no spies. We are what we pretend to be, and have assumed no false character. The business of a spy is not in all cases unlawful. It is a business, however, so full of temptations to falsehood that an honest man will not rashly undertake it. (G. Lawson, D. D.)
Put to the test unconsciously
The whole treatment of his brothers by Joseph was meant to prove their characters, and see whether they had or had not repented of their sin against him, and whether they had or had not changed their disposition and mode of life. They did not know that he was thus experimenting on them, but the result satisfied him, and led to his revelation of himself to them. Now it is often similar with men and their fellows. When Gideon led his army to the brook, and saw his soldiers drink, they had no idea that he was picking out his three hundred for his midnight attack on the Midianitish camp. But so it was; for those who did not care luxuriously to go down on hands and knees to put their mouths to the stream, but who simply lapped the water up with their hands as a dog laps up with his tongue, showed thereby that they had the qualities of rapidity, dash, and hardihood which were specially needed for the service on which he was bent, and therefore they were selected for it. Even so men have been watched by others when they were not thinking of anything of the kind, and the diligence, energy, integrity, and amiability which they have shown has commended them to those interested for some situation of trust, honour, and emolument. Young man, your employer is testing yon when you do not know it, therefore see that you are faithful and obliging even in that which is least, that you may approve yourself worthy of something greater. Many incidents might here be narrated to prove that men have risen from comparative obscurity to eminence simply because they had been tested, unwittingly to themselves, by others who were on the outlook for the agents that would most effectually serve their purpose. When they rose, envious people prated about luck, but they who knew best spoke about character manifested by faithfulness in that which was least, and saw in their promotion the earthly miniature of the doing of the last Judge, who shall say to him whom He approves, Thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord. (W. M. Taylor, D. D.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 11. We are all one man’s sons] We do not belong to different tribes, and it is not likely that one family would make a hostile attempt upon a whole kingdom. This seems to be the very ground that Joseph took, viz., that they were persons belonging to different tribes. Against this particularly they set up their defence, asserting that they all belonged to one family; and it is on the proof of this that Joseph puts them, Ge 42:15, in obliging them to leave one as a hostage, and insisting on their bringing their remaining brother; so that he took exactly the same precautions to detect them as if he had had no acquaintance with them, and had every reason to be suspicious.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
We are all one mans sons, and therefore not spies; for it is not likely either that a father would venture so many sons upon so hazardous an employment, or that such a work would have been trusted in the hands of one family only.
We are true men, who honestly and truly mean what we pretend, and have no other design in our coming hither.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
We [are] all one man’s sons,…. Therefore not likely to be spies; it could hardly be thought that a single family should engage in such an affair; or that one man would, send his sons as spies, and especially all of them, it being a dangerous affair, and they being liable to be taken up and put to death; and as more families than one must be concerned in such an enterprise, it is reasonable to suppose, that if they had been spies they would have been of different families, and also not together, but in different parts of the kingdom, to observe the fittest place to enter in at and execute their design:
we [are] true [men]: that spoke truth when they said they came to buy corn; were honest, upright, and sincere in what they said, nor would they, nor durst they, tell a lie:
thy servants are no spies; this they expressed in the strongest terms, and with the fullest assurance they could, detesting the charge and character of being spies.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(11) We are all one mans sons.Josephs brethren had probably expected this accusation, and their answer, as Abravanel points out, is a sound one: for no man would send his whole family on so dangerous an errand. And thus they press their family relations as a proof of their being true, that is, honest, just men, with no evil designs; and Joseph, who was glad in this way to obtain intelligence of his father and Benjamin, finally, after persisting in the accusation until he had learned all he wished to know, accepts their argument as valid.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Gen 42:11. We are all one man’s sons Their answer here was very pertinent; for it was not probable that a father would have sent his sons, and much less all of them, in one company, upon so dangerous an exploit; nor that one particular person, or family, would have formed a design against so capital a kingdom as that of AEgypt.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Gen 42:11 We [are] all one man’s sons; we [are] true [men], thy servants are no spies.
Ver. 11. We are all one man’s sons.] Therefore no spies; for what one man would hazard all his sons at once upon so dangerous a design?
We are true men.
a De Christo, lib. i. cap. 4.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
We are, &c. Hebrew “all of us the sons of one man [are] we”.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
We are: etc. We do not belong to different tribes; and it is not likely that one family would make a hostile attempt upon a whole kingdom; nor, if any serious design had been intended, that one man would have sent his sons on so hazardous an expedition.
true men: Gen 42:19, Gen 42:33, Gen 42:34, Joh 7:18, 2Co 6:4
Reciprocal: Gen 42:13 – Thy servants Gen 42:31 – true Gen 43:27 – Is your father well Gen 43:29 – of whom