Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Genesis 43:26
And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which [was] in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth.
26. bowed down themselves ] A second fulfilment of Joseph’s dreams: see Gen 42:6, Gen 44:14; cf. Gen 37:5-11.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Gen 43:26-34
And he took and sent messes unto them from before him.
Joseph and his brethren at the banquet
Consider this incident–
I. As IT ILLUSTRATES SOME USEFUL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL LIFE.
1. That we should not set up the pretence of loving all alike. Benjamin was specially honoured (Gen 43:34), and greeted with loving words (Gen 43:29).
2. That it is wise to observe the established customs of society when they are not morally wrong.
II. AS IT ILLUSTRATES THE SECRET AND THE OUTWARD LIFE.
1. In the case of the brethren.
2. In the case of Joseph. (T. H. Leale.)
Josephs banquet
1. The banquet of Josephs joy, of his hope, of his trying watch.
2. The feast of reviving hope in Josephs brethren.
3. Their participation without envy in the honouring of Benjamin.
4. An introduction to the last trial, and a preparation for it.
5. The successful issue in the fearful proving of Israels sons. (J. P.Lange.)
The dinner designed to make Joseph known
And now, I apprehend, it was Josephs wish to discover himself m his brethren, or rather to enable them to discover him. There are three things in particular while they were at dinner, each tending to this end, and as I conceive, designed for it.
1. The order of the tables. One for himself, one for the strangers, and one for the Egyptians. The design of this was to set them a thinking of him, and who he was, or could be? That the Egyptians and Hebrews should eat apart they could easily account for: but who, or what is this man? Is he not an Egyptian? Yet if he be, why eat by himself? Surely he must be a foreigner . . .
2. The order in which they themselves were seated; it was before him, so that they had full opportunity of looking at him; and what was astonishing to them, every man was placed according to his age. But who can this be that is acquainted with their ages, so as to be able to adjust things in this order? Surely it must be some one who knows us, though we know not him. Or is he a diviner Who or what can he be? They are said to have marvelled one at another, and well they might. It is marvellous that they did not from hence suspect who he was.
3. The peculiar favour which he expressed to Benjamin, in sending him a mess five times more than the rest. There is no reason to suppose that Benjamin ate more than the rest; but this was the manner of showing special favour in those times. It was therefore saying in effect, I not only know all your ages, but towards that young man I have more than a common regard Look at all this, and look at me Look at me, my brother Benjamin. Dost thou not know me? But all was hid from them. Their eyes, like those of the disciples towards their Lord, seem to have been holden, that they should not know him. Their minds however are eased from an apprehensions, and they drank, and were cheerful in his company. (A. Fuller.)
Lessons
1. Gracious hearts, however sometime they may deal severely, yet they desire their peace.
2. Providence sometimes orders peaceable entertainment, where worse is feared.
3. Nature itself, much more grace, inquire of and desires the peace of parents. He asked of their father, and meaneth his own (Gen 43:27).
4. It is equal that peaceable inquiries should have due answers.
5. In answering for others, Providence orders the accomplishment of his will The sunbows, &c.
6. All humility becomes their answers who are in fear of foreign powers (Gen 43:28.)
7. Sight of near relations moveth to inquire of their condition.
8. Natural affection desires to know its near relations for good.
9. Grace puts souls upon blessing relations as well as knowing them.
10. The best blessing is the grace of God procured upon souls.
11. Brethren may be fathers in blessing the fruit of the same womb (Gen 43:29). (G. Hughes, B. D.)
Lessons
1. Natural affection may speed to vent itself, after gracious benediction.
2. Natural bowels may burn in gracious souls to their relations.
3. Gracious wisdom teacheth to seek time, place, and measure of expressing affection to relations.
4. Secret venting of affections is best at some opportunities (Gen 43:30). (G. Hughes, B. D.)
Benjamins mess
I. PRESENTS FROM HOME. Those made to Joseph by men who little thought what feelings they might excite.
1. They were from his father. He would think of them as being selected by him. An act of homage.
2. They were peculiar to his native country and immediate neighbourhood. How often when a boy had he collected similar gums and nuts. They would take him back to the old time.
3. The presents we may receive from home have more of love in them than homage. We like them the better for that.
4. These presents were the gifts of poor men, who were the poorer by reason of the famine. Presents not to be valued by their intrinsic worth, but by the circumstances under which they were selected, and the feelings with which they are offered.
5. Every good gift is from above. God the author and giver of every good and perfect gift.
6. There is one unspeakable gift, made to us, suited to us; have we accepted this gift?
II. INQUIRIES ABOUT HOME.
1. They are asked concerning their welfare (see Exo 18:7). Such inquiries from us often mean only the welfare of the body, or relate to temporal things. Family greetings pleasant. Should include an interest in highest and best things.
2. They soon regarded the absent. His father in particular, the old man. It was about twenty-two years since he had seen his father. Is he yet alive? A few years work great changes in families. Return to your native town after an absence of twenty-two years, and note the different names, and the vast changes. The father was poorer than when he saw him last by reason of the famine; the son was richer than when he left home to look after the shepherds in Shechem. The coat of many colours exchanged for a robe of state. The shepherd boy become a prince. Absent friends to be remembered.
3. Benjamin specially addressed.
III. THE BANQUET.
1. The president of the feast. Joseph at a raised table by himself. His state and grandeur. Perhaps the presents from home were placed before him. His knowledge of the guests, and their ignorance of him. Jesus at &he last supper knew all, and was little known; after the resurrection He was known in the breaking of bread.
2. The officers of his household. They would show the respect and honour in which he was held.
3. The Israelites. The arrangement of their places at the table. Whence hath this man this knowledge? Benjamins mess. What could this mean? Whether they liked it or not, their fathers regard for the younger son, whether Joseph or Benjamin, was to be respected. They needed to be taught this lesson. And we must honour our parents. As they thus sat and feasted with the prince, did they think of the time when they sat down to eat bread by the side of the pit where Joseph was once imprisoned? Joseph returned good for evil. Learn: Let us remember home, especially the heavenly home. (J. C. Gray.)
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Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
And when Joseph came home,…. In order to dine, it being noontime:
they brought him the present which [was] in their hand into the house; everyone took a part of it in his hand, and brought it to Joseph in the parlour where he was, and delivered it to him as a present from their father, or from themselves, or it may be as from both:
and bowed themselves to him to the earth; in the most prostrate and humble manner, now again fulfilling his dream, and more completely than before, for now all his eleven brethren were together, signified by the eleven stars in the dream, that made obeisance to him, see
Ge 37:9.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
When Joseph came home, they handed him the present with the most reverential obeisance.
Gen 43:27-29 Joseph first of all inquired after their own and their father’s health ( first as substantive, then as adjective = Gen 33:18), whether he was still living; which they answered with thanks in the affirmative, making the deepest bow. His eyes then fell upon Benjamin, the brother by his own mother, and he asked whether this was their youngest brother; but without waiting for their reply, he exclaimed, “ God be gracious to thee, my son! ” for as in Isa 30:19 (cf. Ewald, 251 d). He addressed him as “my son,” in tender and, as it were, paternal affection, and with special regard to his youth. Benjamin was 16 years younger than Joseph, and was quite an infant when Joseph was sold.
Gen 43:30-31 And “his (Joseph’s) bowels did yearn” ( lit., were compressed, from the force of love to his brother), so that he was obliged to seek (a place) as quickly as possible to weep, and went into the chamber, that he might give vent to his feelings in tears; after which, he washed his face and came out again, and, putting constraint upon himself, ordered the dinner to be brought in.
Gen 43:32-33 Separate tables were prepared for him, for his brethren, and for the Egyptians who dined with them. This was required by the Egyptian spirit of caste, which neither allowed Joseph, as minister of state and a member of the priestly order, to eat along with Egyptians who were below him, nor the latter along with the Hebrews as foreigners. “ They cannot (i.e., may not) eat (cf. Deu 12:17; Deu 16:5; Deu 17:15). For this was an abomination to the Egyptians.” The Hebrews and others, for example, slaughtered and ate animals, even female animals, which were regarded by the Egyptians as sacred; so that, according to Herod. ii. 41, no Egyptian would use the knife, or fork, or saucepan of a Greek, nor would any eat of the flesh of a clean animal which had been cut up with a Grecian knife (cf. Exo 8:22).
Gen 43:33-34 The brothers sat in front of Joseph, “ the first-born according to his birthright, and the smallest (youngest) according to his smallness (youth);” i.e., the places were arranged for them according to their ages, so that they looked at one another with astonishment, since this arrangement necessarily impressed them with the idea that this great man had been supernaturally enlightened as to their family affairs. To do them honour, they brought ( , Ges. 137, 3) them dishes from Joseph, i.e., from his table; and to show especial honour to Benjamin, his portion was five times larger than that of any of the others ( lit., hands, grasps, as in Gen 47:24; 2Ki 11:7). The custom is met with elsewhere of showing respect to distinguished guests by giving them the largest and best pieces (1Sa 9:23-24; Homer, Il. 7, 321; 8, 162, etc.), by double portions (e.g., the kings among the Spartans, Herod. 6, 57), and even by fourfold portions in the case of the Archons among the Cretans ( Heraclid. po lit., 3). But among the Egyptians the number 5 appears to have been preferred to any other (cf. Gen 41:34; Gen 45:22; Gen 47:2, Gen 47:24; Isa 19:18). By this partiality Joseph intended, with a view to his further plans, to draw out his brethren to show their real feelings towards Benjamin, that he might see whether they would envy and hate him on account of this distinction, as they had formerly envied him his long coat with sleeves, and hated him because he was his father’s favourite (Gen 37:3-4). This honourable treatment and entertainment banished all their anxiety and fear. “ They drank, and drank largely with him, ” i.e., they were perfectly satisfied with what they ate and drank; not, they were intoxicated (cf. Hag 1:9).
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
26 And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth. 27 And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive? 28 And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance. 29 And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake unto me? And he said, God be gracious unto thee, my son. 30 And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there. 31 And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread. 32 And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, which did eat with him, by themselves: because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians. 33 And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men marvelled one at another. 34 And he took and sent messes unto them from before him: but Benjamin’s mess was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.
Here is, I. The great respect that Joseph’s brethren paid to him. When they brought him the present, they bowed themselves before him (v. 26); and again, when they gave him an account of their father’s health, they made obeisance, and called him, Thy servant our father, v. 28. Thus were Joseph’s dreams fulfilled more and more: and even the father, by the sons, bowed before him, according to the dream, ch. xxxvii. 10. Probably Jacob had directed them, if they had occasion to speak of him to the man, the lord of the land, to call him his servant.
II. The great kindness that Joseph showed to them, while they little thought it was a brotherly kindness. Here is,
1. His kind enquiry concerning Jacob: Is he yet alive?–a very fit question to be asked concerning any, especially concerning old people; for we are dying daily: it is strange that we are yet alive. Jacob had said many years before, I will go to the grave to my son; but he is yet alive: we must not die when we will.
2. The kind notice he took of Benjamin, his own brother. (1.) He put up a prayer for him: God be gracious unto thee, my son, v. 29. Joseph’s favour, though he was the lord of the land, would do him little good, unless God were gracious to him. Many seek the ruler’s favour, but Joseph directs him to seek the favour of the ruler of rulers. (2.) He shed some tears for him, v. 30. His natural affection to his brother, his joy to see him, his concern at seeing him and the rest of them in distress for bread, and the remembrance of his own griefs since he last saw him, produced a great agitation in him, which perhaps was the more uneasy because he endeavoured to stifle and suppress it; but he was forced to retire into his closet, there to give vent to his feeling by tears. Note, [1.] Tears of tenderness and affection are no disparagement at all, even to great and wise men. [2.] Gracious weepers should not proclaim their tears. My soul shall weep in secret, says the prophet, Jer. xiii. 17. Peter went out and wept bitterly. See Matt. xxvi. 75.
3. His kind entertainment of them all. When his weeping had subsided so that he could refrain himself, he sat down to dinner with them, treated them nobly, and yet contrived every thing to amuse them.
(1.) He ordered three tables to be spread, one for his brethren, another for the Egyptians that dined with him (for so different were their customs that they did not care to eat together), another for himself, who durst not own himself a Hebrew, and yet would not sit with the Egyptians. See here an instance, [1.] Of hospitality and good house-keeping, which are very commendable, according as the ability is. [2.] Of compliance with people’s humours, even whimsical ones, as bishop Patrick calls this of the Egyptians not eating with the Hebrews. Though Joseph was the lord of the land, and orders were given that all people should obey him, yet he would not force the Egyptians to eat with the Hebrews, against their minds, but let them enjoy their humours. Spirits truly generous hate to impose. [3.] Of the early distance between Jews and Gentiles; one table would not hold them.
(2.) He placed his brethren according to their seniority (v. 33), as if he could certainly divine. Some think they placed themselves so, according to their custom; but, if so, I see not why such particular notice is taken of it, especially as a thing they marvelled at.
(3.) He gave them a very plentiful entertainment, sent messes to them from his own table, v. 34. This was the more generous in him, and the more obliging to them, because of the present scarcity of provisions. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but here they were feasted. Perhaps they had not had such a good dinner for many months. It is said, They drank and were merry; their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, concluding they were now upon good terms with the man, the lord of the land. If God accept our works, our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Yet when we sit, as they here did, to eat with a ruler, we should consider what is before us, and not indulge our appetite, nor be desirous of dainties, Prov. xxiii. 1-3. Joseph gave them to understand that Benjamin was his favourite; for his mess was five times as much as any of theirs, not as if he would have him eat so much more than the rest, for then he must eat more than would do him good (and it is no act of friendship, but rather an injury and unkindness, to press any either to eat or drink to excess), but thus he would testify his particular respect for him, that he might try whether his brethren would envy Benjamin his larger messes, as formerly they had envied himself his finer coat. And it must be our rule, in such cases, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have.
Fuente: Matthew Henry’s Whole Bible Commentary
Verses 26-34:
Joseph arrived home for the noon meal with his brothers. He first inquired of their father, and received assurance of his good health. Then he looked to Benjamin, and inquired if this were the younger brother of whom they spoke. Strong emotion welled up in Joseph’s soul, and he quickly retired to a private chamber where he wept. When his tears had subsided, Joseph returned to the dining room for the meal with his brothers.
The seating arrangement was unique, but was in strict keeping with protocol, Joseph ate alone, as befitted his royal station. The brothers ate at a table to themselves. The Egyptian courtiers and servants ate at a separate table, because of a taboo forbidding them to eat at the same table with an Hebrew. There was a strict caste system in Egypt. Shepherds were at the bottom of the social scale, and were “untouchables,” so far as the native Egyptians were concerned.
Joseph prescribed the seating arrangement for his brothers, in a manner startling and mystifying to them. He placed them in the order of their birth, with the eldest at the head of the table, on down to the youngest at the foot. The brothers were mystified by this, having no idea that their host knew the proper order of their birth.
All the events so far were leading to the time that Joseph could be sure of his brothers’ change of heart, so he could reveal himself to them. He was willing to move in God’s own time and trust Him to work out the details according to His perfect plan.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
CRITICAL NOTES.
Gen. 43:27. Is your father well?] Heb. Is there peace to your father?
Gen. 43:28. Thy servant, our father, is in good health, he is yet alive?] Heb., Peace to thy servant our fatherhe yet lives.
Gen. 43:29. God be gracious to thee, my son.] Benjamin was only about a year old when Joseph was sold, as he was sixteen years the younger.(Jacobus.)
Gen. 43:32. And they set on for himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians which did eat with him, by themselves; because the Egyptians might not eat with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians.] The law of caste separated different ranks of Egyptians to different tables. And Herodotus mentions the unwillingness of the Egyptians to have any familiar intercourse with foreigners. The Egyptians were prevented from eating with the Hebrews because the latter slew and ate animals which the former regarded as sacredthe cow, the ox, etc. Besides, the Hebrews did not practise the same religious ceremonies at meals as the Egyptians.(Jacobus.)
Gen. 43:34. And he sent messes unto them from before him.] It was the practice in the East to honour guests in this manner. (1Sa. 9:23.) Five times as much as any of theirs. The number five seems to have been in especial regard in Egypt. (Gen. 41:34; Gen. 45:22; Gen. 47:2; Gen. 47:24; Isa. 19:18.) The reason is stated to have been, that the Egyptians recognized only five planets.(Alford.)
MAIN HOMILETICS OF THE PARAGRAPH.Gen. 43:26-34
JOSEPH AND HIS BRETHREN AT THE BANQUET
Consider this incident:
I. As it illustrates some useful principles of social life.
1. That we should not set up the pretence of loving all alike. When Joseph thus liberally provided for these men he intended it to be a feast of brotherhood, and yet he made a marked difference between them. His brother Benjamin was specially honoured (Gen. 43:34), and greeted with loving words. (Gen. 43:29). All were not treated alike. The possession of an universal lovea love which does not discriminate is an unreality, a mere sentiment, and nothing more. We should not say that Benjamin, who has offended little and loved much should only receive the same as the rest. Surely those who are most like Christ are the most dear to God, and, therefore, these should be held the most dear to all who are the children of God.
2. That it is wise to observe the established customs of society when they are not morally wrong. In this feast differences of rank were respected, established social customs were not broken through. The Hebrews sat at a table by themselves, the Egyptians also by themselves. Joseph occupied a separate table by himself, for he was governor, and, therefore, of superior rank to the other Egyptians. (Gen. 43:32.) Egyptian customs demanded such an arrangement. The equality of Christian brotherhood is quite consistent with this state of things. Christianity teaches principles that tend to make man equal, but in the meantime it does not rudely attack established customs which have a natural propriety in their favour. The pure and elevated principles of Christs religion are under present disadvantage in contending with the imperfections of human nature. But they shall prevail in the end, not by declaring a war of extermination against social customs which are not perfect, but by raising and ennobling the idea and the true purpose of life. It was thus that slavery was uprooted in the early ages of the Christian Church; not by declaiming directly against it, but by teaching those principles, which, if they prevailed, would render slavery impossible.
II. As it illustrates the secret and the outward life.
1. In the case of the brethren. Everything outwardly now tended to make them happy. The suspicious circumstances had been cleared up. They had the assurance that those with whom they were dealing feared God. They were treated with a generous hospitality. Joseph sustains throughout the character of an Egyptian nobleman. But he is more than this, he is a tender and considerate man. He remembers what they had said about a venerable old man, and not satisfied with asking in general of their welfare, he adds, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive? (Gen. 43:27.) He is moved to tenderness at the sight of Benjamins youth. (Gen. 43:29.) Thus they were received with kindness, indulged with feasting, and their outward circumstances were such as would render them happy. Yet with all this they had no peace, for the deep foundations of it had not yet been laid in the reconciliation of enmities, and in the complete healing of the past. In the midst of outward enjoyment, they must have felt a conflict of painful emotions within. The conduct of Joseph was, after all, strange and perplexing. They could not help wondering what it all meant. They had their fears. The secret and the outward life are also illustrated.
2. In the case of Joseph. In this conference with his brethren Joseph was getting on tender ground, and could only with difficulty control his feelings. (Gen. 43:30). Think of the scene in his chamber, and how he tries to obliterate the traces of it afterwards. (Gen. 43:31). He was one man in that chamber, and quite another man in the banqueting room. How great is the difference between the man whom God sees and the man whom the world sees! In human life we have sometimes this double part to play, weeping in the chamber and refraining ourselves below. Joseph had secretly indulged in a sorrow which he could not reveal. There are occasions of sorrow in which we have no need to disguise our feelings, and for these we can find comfort in the sympathy of others. But there are secret sorrows which we must disguise. Such are often the sorrows of the affections. Joseph could not yet declare himself to his brethren, and yet all the while his heart was consuming itself with love. How much anguish in families is often felt on account of love unreturned or unregarded. There are also secret sorrows arising from our anxiety concerning the souls of others. A parents anxiety about the spiritual state of a favourite son, wilful disobedience in children, signs of incipient intemperance in husband or wife; and yet, in the midst of all, the face is constrained to wear a smile, and may not tell the tale. There are also spiritual sorrows which are personal. They arise from a sense of imperfection, from the thought of blessings yet unattained. These are the sorrows of the purest and holiest of men, and may not be made known to the stranger. Josephs conduct was mysterious to his brethren, but his secret life, had they known it, would explain all. And so many strange characteristics and habits in others might be thus explained. That irritability of temper, that irregularity of spirits, that heaviness, that sullen silencethese might be well accounted for if we only knew all. This fact of human nature should teach us to judge tenderly and considerately of others. Some consuming care, or inward trouble, or self-reproach, some sorrow of the mind we know not of, may account for all that which seems to us so strange. Even where there is outward cheerfulness the chamber may have a sad tale to tell of weeping, watching, doubt, and fear. Jesus bore our griefs and carried our sorrows; and we should learn to bear one anothers burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.
SUGGESTIVE COMMENTS ON THE VERSES
Gen. 43:26. This was an exact fulfilment of one of his early dreams, when the sun, moon, and eleven stars bowed down before him. But Joseph was now changed; he had been too much saddened by misfortune, and was far too much accustomed to Egyptian homage to find any real pleasure in this, from which he had formerly expected so much. For us this is a pregnant example of the illusiveness of human life. Now that his dream was fulfilled to the very letter, he could not enjoy it. That thing which he had seen before in the prophetic visions of youth, that thing he had got; and now the joy of it was not in that, in the superiority, but in quite other circumstances. So it is we live, looking to an horizon which we reach but cannot enjoy, in which we find not what we expected. And yet observe here the merciful arrangement of God, who thus leaders on. Could we now count the cost of the things we hope for, would it be possible to live?(Robertson).
Gen. 43:27-29. Observe Josephs relief in the indirect utterance of his feelings. He asked, Is your father yet alive, and your youngest brother? etc. Here is a strange principle of our nature, the necessity of utterance, either by a direct or by an indirect channel. Thus, criminal feeling must find for itself either direct expression in confession, or in speaking of the deed as committed by another.(Robertson.)
They answer very properly, and call their father his servant, and again make obeisance. Thus, in them, Jacob himself bowed down to Joseph; and thereby that part of his dream was also fulfilled.(Fuller).
Gen. 43:30. After uttering a benediction which, under the disguise of a good wish from a stranger, was in reality the effusion of a bursting heart, he was obliged to retire in order to throw a veil over those feelings which must otherwise have betrayed the secret that for the present he designs to keep. He withdraws, therefore, to give vent to his tears in a private place; and however bitter were the tears which he had formerly shed when exiled from all that was dear to him on earth, he now sheds tears of joy of proportionable sweetness; his grief for what was past was now swallowed up in the ecstacy of what was present and what was to come.(Bush).
Gen. 43:31. We love Joseph for the warm sensibility of his heart, and we respect him as one who knows both when and where to weep, and who could refrain himself and appear cheerful when it was fit. While tears shed on proper occasions throw a grace over the manliest character, yet there is not only a time to weep, but also a time to laugh; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing, and that he whose tears are not in some measure under the control of his judgment, is rather a child than a man.(Bush).
Gen. 43:32-34. It was now Josephs wish to discover himself to his brethren, or rather to enable them to discover him. While they were at dinner, three things tend to this end, and were designed for it.
(1) The order of the tables. The design of this was to set them a thinking of him, and who he was, or could be? That the Egyptians and Hebrews should eat apart, they could easily account for: but who, or what is this man? Is he not an Egyptian? Yet, why eat by himself? Surely he must be a foreigner.
(2) The order in which they themselves were seated. Every man was placed according to his age. But who can this be that is acquainted with their ages, so as to be able to adjust things in this order? Surely it must be some one who knows us though we know not him. Or is he a diviner? They are said to have marvelled one at another, and well they might.
(3) The peculiar favour which he expressed to Benjamin, in sending him a mess five times more than the rest. This was a manner of showing special favour in those times. It was therefore saying in effect, I not only know all your ages, but towards that young man I have more than a common regard. Look at all this, and look at me. Look at me, my brother Benjamin. Dost thou not know me? But all was hid from them. Their eyes, like those of the disciples towards their Lord, seem to have been holden that they should not know him.(Fuller).
And now he feasts with them whom he formerly threatened, and turns their fear into wonder. All unequal love is not partial; all the brethren are entertained bountifully, but Benjamin hath a five-fold portion.(Bp. Hall.)
Our New Testament Joseph bids us sit at the table which He has richly furnished in His house. He anoints our head with oil in token of honourable reception, and our cup runneth over. (Psa. 23:5).(Jacobus).
1. The banquet of Josephs joy, of his hope, of his trying watch.
2. The feast of reviving hope in Josephs brethren.
3. Their participation without envy in the honouring of Benjamin.
4. An introduction to the last trial, and a preparation for it.
5. The successful issue in the fearful proving of Israels sons.(Lange.)
Fuente: The Preacher’s Complete Homiletical Commentary Edited by Joseph S. Exell
26. Bowed themselves Another act fulfilling Joseph’s dream all the eleven of his brethren now bowing down . Gen 42:6-9; Gen 37:5-9.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
‘And when Joseph came home they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house and bowed themselves down to him to the earth.’
On Joseph’s arrival they bring their present and present it, bowing down to the ground, for they are still greatly in awe of him and aware that the slightest failure to show him honour could change the situation against them. So again are Joseph’s dreams fulfilled.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
The Meal in Joseph’s House
v. 26. And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand in to the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth, v. 27. And he asked them of their welfare, v. 28. And they answered, Thy servant, our father, is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance, v. 29. And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake unto me? v. 30. And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother, v. 31. And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, v. 32. And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians which did eat with him by themselves; because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians. v. 33. And they sat before him, v. 34. And he took and sent messes unto them from before him,
Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann
Here, including their father as Joseph’s servant, and all the eleven brethren being present fulfilled the dream: see Gen 37:9-10 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Gen 43:26 And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which [was] in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth.
Ver. 26. And bowed themselves to him. ] In their father’s name, as well as their own. Gen 43:28 And here Joseph’s dream Gen 37:9 was accomplished.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: Gen 43:26-34
26When Joseph came home, they brought into the house to him the present which was in their hand and bowed to the ground before him. 27Then he asked them about their welfare, and said, “Is your old father well, of whom you spoke? Is he still alive?” 28They said, “Your servant our father is well; he is still alive.” They bowed down in homage. 29As he lifted his eyes and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, he said, “Is this your youngest brother, of whom you spoke to me?” And he said, “May God be gracious to you, my son.” 30Joseph hurried out for he was deeply stirred over his brother, and he sought a place to weep; and he entered his chamber and wept there. 31Then he washed his face and came out; and he controlled himself and said, “Serve the meal.” 32So they served him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves, because the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is loathsome to the Egyptians. 33Now they were seated before him, the firstborn according to his birthright and the youngest according to his youth, and the men looked at one another in astonishment. 34He took portions to them from his own table, but Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as any of theirs. So they feasted and drank freely with him.
Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29 Joseph asks a series of questions about their family. They must have remembered their father’s deep feelings about revealing this information (cf. Gen 43:6).
1. Is your father well (no VERB, for shalom see Gen 29:6)
2. Is he still alive (no VERB)
3. Is this your youngest brother (no VERB)
Gen 43:29 “May God be gracious to you, my son” Joseph singles out Benjamin for a special greeting (“be gracious,” BDB 335, KB 334, Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense).
Notice Joseph expresses his theological worldview.
Gen 43:30 “Joseph hurried out for he was deeply stirred over his brothers” This is translated literally “his compassions were warmed” (BDB 485, KB 481, Niphal PERFECT, cf. 1Ki 3:26). The word “compassion” (BDB 933) literally means “feelings for those of the same womb” (i.e., brotherly affection).
Gen 43:31 “Serve the meal” This is literally “set on bread” (BDB 962, KB 1321, Qal IMPERATIVE). It is interesting from Gen 43:31-33 that the Egyptians sat in chairs around a table for their meals, while the Canaanite Hebrews reclined on their left elbow. There were cultural tensions between the Egyptians and Canaanites (here Hebrews), cf. Gen 43:32. This fits the historical situation exactly and shows the historicity of this account (cf. James M. Freeman, Manners and Customs of the Bible, p. 52).
Gen 43:32 “So they served him by himself” It seems that not only was Benjamin singled out for a special seat but also for extra food (cf. Gen 43:34). Apparently Joseph is trying to make the other brothers jealous to see their reaction. He was trying to see if the same character traits which exploded in his own situation twenty years earlier were still present or if they had been mediated through the years.
“the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is loathsome to the Egyptians” This may well be the explanation of Gen 39:6 of why Potiphar was concerned about his own food preparation. Some quote Heroditus, 2:41, as a historical corroboration of this view. It seems that the Egyptians held in contempt all those who ate cattle for they viewed cattle as being sacred, much like the modern Hindus. This may clarify Gen 46:34 and Exo 8:26.
Gen 43:33 Apparently, the Egyptian servants seated the brothers in birth order. How did they know this? Joseph is continuing to reveal his identity.
Gen 43:34 “but Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as theirs” It seems quite possible that the number “five” is a significant number in Egypt for throughout this account the number “five” appears regularly (cf. Gen 43:34; Gen 45:6; Gen 45:11; Gen 45:22; Gen 47:2; Gen 47:24). One wonders what the brothers must have thought when Joseph served them from his own table and gave Benjamin so much more?!
The term “portion” (BDB 673) denotes a piece of meat (cf. 2Sa 11:8; Est 2:18; Jer 40:5). It was not beef!
“they feasted and drank freely” The two VERBS (“drink,” BDB 1059, KB 1667 and “drunk,” BDB 1016, KB 1500) sound very much alike (cf. Gen 9:21). What a party they had!
Fuente: You Can Understand the Bible: Study Guide Commentary Series by Bob Utley
bowed themselves. Some codices, with Septuagint and Vulg, add “with their faces”. Compare Gen 37:7, Gen 37:8.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
bowed: Gen 43:28, Gen 27:29, Gen 37:7-10, Gen 37:19, Gen 37:20, Gen 42:6, Psa 72:9, Rom 14:11, Phi 2:10, Phi 2:11
Reciprocal: Gen 18:2 – bowed Gen 32:13 – a present Gen 33:3 – bowed Isa 49:23 – bow
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Again the brothers fulfilled God’s prophecy in Joseph’s dreams by bowing before Joseph (Gen 43:26-28; cf. Gen 37:5-9). Benjamin was 16 years younger than Joseph, so he would have been 23 at this time (Gen 43:29). Joseph was 39 (Gen 41:46; Gen 45:6).
". . . according to the prevailing custom of the East, the very fact that they had been invited to Joseph’s table was in itself an encouraging circumstance. Though the Orientals are for the most part a revengeful people, yet if you eat with them, you are thenceforward sure of having their protection. Even should you have done them the greatest injury, yet you need be under no apprehension from their resentment." [Note: Bush, 2:316.]
The caste system in Egypt required that Joseph as a member of the upper class eat at a table separate from his Egyptian companions. The Hebrews sat at a third table since they were foreigners (Gen 43:32). The Hebrews and other foreigners ate animals that the Egyptians regarded as sacred. [Note: Cf. Herodotus, Histories, 2:18, 41.] The Egyptians also followed strict rules for the ceremonial cleansing of their food before they ate it. This made the Hebrews "loathsome" to the Egyptians. [Note: See also the note on 46:34.] This segregation later allowed the Israelites to develop into a numberous nation within the borders of Egypt.
Joseph hosted a meal for his brothers who years before had callously sat down to eat while he languished in a pit. [Note: Sarna, Understanding Genesis, p. 302.] Joseph showed respect to Benjamin as his distinguished guest by giving him larger and better servings of food than his brothers received (Gen 43:34). Special honorees frequently received double portions, but a fivefold portion was the sign of highest privilege. With this favor Joseph sought not only to honor Benjamin but also to test his other brothers’ feelings toward Benjamin. He wanted to see if they would hate him as they had hated himself, his father’s former favorite. Evidently they passed this test.
"Coming forth from this crucible, the formerly callous brothers emerge a bonded family, shining with integrity and love toward one another. . ." [Note: Waltke, Genesis, p. 557.]
"Those who would participate in God’s program must be willing to take responsibility for their actions, make restitution when they are culpable, and accept their lot gratefully and without jealousy." [Note: Ross, Creation and . . ., p. 662.]