Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Hebrews 10:13
From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool.
13. his footstool ] Psa 110:1; 1Co 15:25.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
From henceforth expecting – Or waiting. He waits there until this shall be accomplished according to the promise made to him that all things shall be subdued under him; see the notes on 1Co 15:25-27.
Till his enemies – There is an allusion here to Psa 110:1, where it is said, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand until I make thine enemies thy footstool. The enemies of the Redeemer are Satan, the wicked of the earth, and all the evil passions of the heart. The idea is, that all things are yet to be made subject to his will – either by a cheerful and cordial submission to his authority, or by being crushed beneath his power. The Redeemer, having performed his great work of redemption by giving himself as a sacrifice on the cross, is represented now as calmly waiting until this glorious triumph is achieved, and this promise is fulfilled. We are not to suppose that he is inactive, or that he takes no share in the agency by which this is to be done. but the meaning is, that he looks to the certain fulfillment of the promise.
His footstool – That is, they shall be thoroughly and completely subdued. The same idea is expressed in 1Co 15:25, by saying that all his enemies shall be put under his feet. The language arose from the custom of conquerors in putting their feet on the necks of their enemies, as a symbol of subjection; see Jos 10:24; notes, Isa 26:5-6.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 13. Till his enemies be made his footstool.] Till all that oppose his high priesthood and sacrificial offering shall be defeated, routed, and confounded; and acknowledge, in their punishment, the supremacy of his power as universal and eternal King, who refused to receive him as their atoning and sanctifying Priest. There is also an oblique reference here to the destruction of the Jews, which was then at hand; for Christ was about to take away the second with an overwhelming flood of desolations.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
That which remaineth he expecteth, even the fulfilling of his Fathers promise to him, Psa 110:1, patiently waiting, earnestly looking, for what is most certain, and wherein he cannot be disappointed; for in respect of himself. His enemies cannot infest him more, being entirely vanquished already; but in respect of his administration, he waits till all that oppose his royal priesthood, as the devil and his angels, sin, the curse, death, and the world, with which he conflicts as a Priest to destroy them with his own blood, as his members do by it, Rev 12:11. Having given them their deaths wound by his own death, he sits down, and waits in the successive ages of his church, until upon his elect it be made good, putting all under his own and churchs feet, so to overcome and trample on them, as men on their footstools: see Heb 2:8; 1Co 15:26.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
13. expecting“waiting.”Awaiting the execution of His Father’s will, that all His foesshould be subjected to Him. The Son waits till the Fathershall “send Him forth to triumph over all His foes.” He isnow sitting at rest (Heb10:12), invisibly reigning, and having His foes virtually, byright of His death, subject to Him. His present sitting on theunseen throne is a necessary preliminary to His coming forth tosubject His foes openly. He shall then come forth to a visiblymanifested kingdom and conquest over His foes. Thus He fulfils Ps110:1. This agrees with 1Co15:23-28. He is, by His Spirit and His providence, now subjectingHis foes to Him in part (Ps110:1-7). The subjection of His foes fully shall be at Hissecond advent, and from that time to the general judgment (Re19:1-20:15); then comes the subjection of Himself as Head of theChurch to the Father (the mediatorial economy ceasing when its endshall have been accomplished), that God may be all in all. Easternconquerors used to tread on the necks of the vanquished, as Joshuadid to the five kings. So Christ’s total and absolute conquest at Hiscoming is symbolized.
be made hisfootstoolliterally, “be placed (rendered) footstool ofHis feet.”
his enemiesSatan andDeath, whose strength consists in “sin”; this being takenaway (Heb 10:12), the power ofthe foes is taken away, and their destruction necessarily follows.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
From henceforth expecting,…. According to God’s promise and declaration to him, Ps 110:1.
Till his enemies be made his footstool, [See comments on Heb 1:13].
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Henceforth expecting ( ). “For the rest” or “for the future” ( , accusative of extent of time). The expectant attitude of Christ here is that of final and certain victory (John 16:33; 1Cor 15:24-28).
Till his enemies be made ( ). Purpose and temporal clause with and the first aorist passive subjunctive of . He quotes Ps 110:1 again.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
1) “From henceforth expecting,” (to loipon ekdechomenos) “Hereafter expecting,” continually, unceasingly looking out to the time when, waiting for the time of the restitution of all things, Act 3:20-21.
2) “Till his enemies be made his footstool,” (heos tethosin hoi echthroi autou huppodion ton podon autou) “Till his enemies are set (as) a footstool at his feet,” Psa 110:1; Mat 22:44; Act 2:34-35; 1Co 15:24-25. This is a foreview of the millennial age during which time Jesus shall sit on David’s throne and rule in peace, restoring the earth to its Edenic glory, Luk 1:33; Heb 10:37. He shall then be King of kings and Lord of lords, Rev 19:16.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
(13) Expecting.This word belongs to the contrast just mentioned. He does not minister and offer His sacrifice again, but waits for the promised subjection of His foes. Once before in this context (Heb. 9:28) our thought has been thus directed to the future consummation. There it consists in the second coming of Christ for the salvation of them that wait for Him; here it is He Himself who is waiting, and the end is the attainment of supreme dominion. (See Heb. 1:3; Heb. 1:13.)
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
13. Expecting Awaiting the promised time, according to Psa 110:1. This process of bringing all in subjection to Christ is, we hold, now in historical progress, and will be completed by the work of the judgment-day at the second advent, according to 1Co 15:24-28, where see notes.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Heb 10:13 . ] henceforth, sc . from the time of His sitting down at the right hand of God. What is meant is the time yet intervening before the coming in of the Parousia. The taking of in the relative sense: “as regards the rest, concerning the rest” (Kurtz), is, on account of the close coherence with , unnatural, for which reason also the passages adduced by Kurtz as supposed parallels, Eph 6:10 , Phi 3:1 ; Phi 4:8 , 1Th 4:1 , 2Th 3:1 , do not admit of comparison.
The object of the waiting is expressed by our author in the language of Psa 110:1 .
The involves for the rest the supposition that the destruction of the enemies of Christ is to be looked for even before His Parousia. The author accordingly manifests here, too, a certain diversity in his mode of viewing the subject from that of the Apostle Paul, since the latter (comp. 1Co 15:22-28 ) anticipates the destruction of the anti-Christian powers only after the time of Christ’s Parousia. The supposition, which de Wette holds possible for the removal of this difference, that the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews “thought only of the triumph of the gospel among the nations, even as Paul also expected the universal diffusion of the gospel and the conversion of the Jews before the appearing of Christ,” has little probability, considering the absolute and unqualified character of the expression here chosen: .
Fuente: Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer’s New Testament Commentary
13 From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool.
Ver. 13. Expecting till his enemies ] Admire and imitate his patience. The God of peace shall tread Satan and the rest under our feet shortly, Rom 16:20 .
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
13 .] henceforth waiting (this sense of is said to belong exclusively to later Greek: but not altogether accurately, cf. Soph. Phil. 123, . It is, however, much more frequent in the later classics. We have . in Dion. Hal. vi. 67) until his enemies be placed as footstool of his feet (the construction is adopted for the sake of preserving the words of Psa 110:1 .
I cannot see how Bleek and Lnem. can find any real discrepancy between this passage and 1Co 15:23-26 . If this seems to date the subjection of all to Christ before the second advent, and that places it after the same event, we may well say, that the second advent is not here taken into account by the Writer, whose object is the contrast between the suffering and triumphant Christ, as it is by St. Paul, who is specially giving an account of the resurrection which is so inseparably bound up with that . The second advent is no break in Christ’s waiting till his enemies be subdued to him, but it is the last step but one of that subjection; the last of all being the subjection of Himself, and his mystical body with him, to Him that did put all things under him. For among the enemies are His own elect, who were enemies: and they are not thoroughly subject to Him, till He with them is subject to the Father, the mediatorial veil being withdrawn, and the One God being all in all).
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
expecting. Greek. ekdechomai. See Act 17:16. Compare Heb 9:28.
His footstool = footstool of His feet. The seventh reference to Psa 110:1 in the NT See Heb 1:13.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
13.] henceforth waiting (this sense of is said to belong exclusively to later Greek: but not altogether accurately, cf. Soph. Phil. 123, . It is, however, much more frequent in the later classics. We have . in Dion. Hal. vi. 67) until his enemies be placed as footstool of his feet (the construction is adopted for the sake of preserving the words of Psa 110:1.
I cannot see how Bleek and Lnem. can find any real discrepancy between this passage and 1Co 15:23-26. If this seems to date the subjection of all to Christ before the second advent, and that places it after the same event, we may well say, that the second advent is not here taken into account by the Writer, whose object is the contrast between the suffering and triumphant Christ, as it is by St. Paul, who is specially giving an account of the resurrection which is so inseparably bound up with that . The second advent is no break in Christs waiting till his enemies be subdued to him, but it is the last step but one of that subjection; the last of all being the subjection of Himself, and his mystical body with him, to Him that did put all things under him. For among the enemies are His own elect, who were enemies: and they are not thoroughly subject to Him, till He with them is subject to the Father, the mediatorial veil being withdrawn, and the One God being all in all).
Fuente: The Greek Testament
Heb 10:13. , expecting) By this word the knowledge of our exalted Lord is not denied, Rev 1:1 : comp. Mar 13:32 : but His subjection to the Father is intimated; Act 3:20. Sitting and at rest, He expects.- , His enemies) whose strength consists in sin.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
From Henceforth Expecting
We have seen the expiation of our sin by our Saviors blood atonement, and his exaltation as Lord as the reward of his obedience to the Fathers will as our covenant Surety and Mediator. Here the Holy Spirit shows us that which our great Savior yet expects to be the reward of his labor as our Mediator.
As we have seen, he who redeemed us with his blood and saved us by his grace has been exalted to the throne of sovereign dominion. He reigns upon that throne of universal monarchy, From henceforth expecting till his enemies has been made his footstool. His foes shall all, without exception, become his servant and his footstool (Isa 45:22-25).
Present Subjugation
In one sense, this crushing of his enemies into subjection beneath his feet has already begun. Our Lord Jesus Christ is the sovereign ruler of the universe. All creation, all events, all animals, and all rational beings, either willingly or unwillingly, are his servants (2Pe 2:1). He has power over all flesh.
Be sure you understand this. Satan himself is Christs slave, beaten into subjection (Joh 12:31; Rev 20:1-3). Wicked men and women are the servants of Christ, the errand boys of his providential rule. Satan cannot tempt Gods servant Job without first obtaining permission from the Lord God.; and having the limits of the temptation set by God. Not even demons of hell can run into a herd of hogs without the permission of Christ their Lord. Yes, the Lord God our Savior rules the universe totally and absolutely for the everlasting salvation of his own elect (Rom 8:28-30; Psa 76:10).
Gracious Subjugation
Many of Christs enemies are conquered by his grace through the preaching of the gospel (2Co 10:4-5). How I thank God for conquering grace! Nothing else could have broken this rebels heart. Nothing less than sovereign, omnipotent, conquering grace could have stopped me in my mad rush to hell. Nothing else could have brought me to Christ and reconciled my heart to my God, making me willing in the day of his power to gladly bow to Christ as my Lord (Psa 110:3). My heart sings with David, Blessed is the man whom thou choosest and causest to approach unto thee!
Final Subjugation
When Christ comes the second time, he will come to crush all rebellion. The second advent will not be a time of salvation for rebels, but of judgment and wrath. The Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, in flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel (2Th 1:8-9). In the last day, in the day of judgment, every enemy shall bow to Christ as Lord. At the name of Jesus every knee shall bow and every tongue shall confess, in heaven, earth, and hell, that Jesus Christ is Lord. And God shall be all in all.
In the end, because Christ is exalted, he shall have his expectation. All his enemies shall be made his footstool. All who believe shall be saved. He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied! All his foes shall be destroyed. All of Gods elect shall be saved (Rom 11:26). Christ shall be triumphant and glorious forever in all things and over all things (Rev 19:6).
Fuente: Discovering Christ In Selected Books of the Bible
Heb 1:13, Psa 110:1, Dan 2:44, Mat 22:44, Mar 12:36, Luk 20:43, Act 2:35, 1Co 15:25
Reciprocal: Gen 49:8 – thy hand Isa 1:24 – Ah Zec 6:13 – a priest Mar 16:19 – he was Luk 19:27 – General Rom 6:9 – Christ
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Heb 10:13. From henceforth expecting signifies that He expects to remain on the right hand of God till his enemies are made his footstool. (1Co 15:25-26.)
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Heb 10:13. Not a second time can He suffer: Only waiting as he now is till, in fulfilment of the Divine promise (Psa 110:1), his enemies be made the footstool of his feet. The Jewish priest stood fearful and uneasy in the holy placehastening to depart when the service was done as from a place to which he had only temporary access. Christ sits as at home, having completed His work and now awaiting His full reward.
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
Verse 13
Expecting till, &c.; looking forward to the time when, &c.
Fuente: Abbott’s Illustrated New Testament
10:13 {4} From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool.
(4) He prevents a private objection, that is, that yet nonetheless we are subject to sin and death, to which the apostle answers, that the full effect of Christ’s power has not yet shown itself, but shall eventually appear when he will at once put to flight all his enemies, with whom we still struggle.