Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Hosea 4:19
The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.
19. The wind hath bound her up in her wings ] A figure for the suddenness and violence with which the enemy should carry Israel away into exile (comp. Isa 57:13), The perfect is that of prophetic certitude.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
The wind hath bound her up in her wings – When God brought Israel out of Egypt, He bare them on eagles wings, and brought them unto Himself Exo 19:4; Deu 32:11. Now they had abandoned God, and God abandoned them as chaff to the wind. The certainty of Israels doom is denoted by its being spoken of in the past. It was certain in the divine judgment. Sudden, resistless, irreversible are Gods judgments, when they come. As if imprisoned in the viewless winds, and borne with resistless violence, as it were on the wings of the whirlwind, Israel should be hurried by the mighty wrath of God into captivity in a distant land, bound up so that none should escape, but, when arrived there, dispersed here and there, as the chaff before the wind.
And they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices – They had sacrificed to the calves, to Baal, or to the sun, moon, stars, hoping aid from them rather than from God. When then they should see, in deed, that from those their sacrifices no good came to them, but evil only, they should be healthfully ashamed. So, in fact, in her captivity, did Israel learn to be ashamed of her idols; and so does GOd by healthful disappointment, make us ashamed of seeking out of Him, the good things, which He alone hath, and hath in store for them who love Him.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Hos 4:19
The wind hath bound her up in her wings.
Retributive justice
The simple meaning is that Israel shall be borne away from her land, suddenly and violently, as by the winds of heaven. There is retributive justice in the universe.
I. Its emblem. The wind. It is like wind–
1. In its agitation. Wind is a disturbance or agitation of the atmosphere, The average condition of the air is silence and serenity. The normal condition of Divine government is quiet. It has no tempest where there is no wickedness.
2. In its violence. Power is in the wind. Cambyses being once in the wilderness with the soldiers, a strong and violent wind broke forth and buried thousands of them in the sand. Who can stand before retributive justice when it comes forth in its power?
II. Its effect. Ashamed because of the sacrifices.
1. The shame of disappointment. All plans broken, all purposes thwarted, all hopes destroyed.
2. The shame of exposure. The wicked always live in masquerade, they always appear to be what they are not. Retributive justice takes off the mask.
3. The shame of remorse. This is the most burning shame of all. It sends its fires down into the very centre of mans being, and sets all the moral nerves aflame. Let the wicked take warning. Let not the present stillness of their atmosphere deceive them. Their sins are generating a heat that must, sooner or later, so disturb the elements about them as to bring on ruin. (Homilist.)
.
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 19. The wind hath bound her] A parching wind has blasted them in their wings – coasts, borders; or they are carried away into captivity, as with the most rapid blight. These two last verses are very obscure.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
The whirlwind of wrath from God hath already seized this old adulteress, and carried some of her children away already, 2Ki 15:19,29. Execution of judgment is already begun, and therefore, O Judah, keep distance from Ephraim.
They shall be ashamed; greatly confounded and disappointed of their hopes: as thou, O Judah, wouldst prevent this shame, flee the society of these idolaters.
Because of their sacrifices; what they made their confidence shall be their shame, their own idols cannot help them. but their idolatry shall surely undo them. Their idols which they worshipped and depended on shall be their shame and confusion, for thy God, O Judah, hath cursed such people. Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols, Psa 97:7. If Israel do, yet, O Judah, do not thou so.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
19. Israel shall be swept awayfrom her land (Ho 4:16)suddenly and violently as if by “the wings of the wind”(Psa 18:10; Psa 104:3;Jer 4:11; Jer 4:12).
ashamed . . . of theirsacrificesdisappointed to their shame in their hope of helpthrough their sacrifices to idols.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
The wind hath bound her up in her wings,…. That is, the wind in its wings hath bound up Ephraim, Israel, or the ten tribes, compared to a heifer; meaning, that the wind of God’s wrath and vengeance, or the enemy, the Assyrian, should come like a whirlwind, and carry them swiftly, suddenly, and irresistibly, out of their own land, into a foreign country: the past tense for the future, as is common in prophecy, because of the certainty of it; so Jarchi and Joseph Kimchi: but Aben Ezra, David Kimchi, Abarbinel, and Abendana, render it “she”, that is, Israel, “hath bound up the wind in her wings” b; meaning that they had laboured in vain in their idolatrous worship; and it was all one as if a than should attempt to gather the wind, and bind it up in the skirts of his garment, and when he opens them there is nothing to be found: and to this sense is the Targum,
“the works of their great men are not right, as it is impossible to bind the wind in a wing;”
referring to the sins of their rulers, as before: or rather the sense is, the wind shall get into the loose skirts of the garments of, he Israelites, which shall be as a sail to it, as Schmidt observes, and shall carry them into distant lands; which falls in with the first sense of the words, and is best:
and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices: they of the ten tribes, the people of Israel; or their shields, their rulers, as Aben Ezra, shall be filled with shame, being disappointed of the help they expected from their idols, to whom they offered sacrifices; and the more, inasmuch as they will find that these idolatrous sacrifices are the cause of their ruin and destruction. The Targum is,
“because of the altars of their idols;”
and so the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions, “because of their altars”.
b “ligavit illa ventum in alis suis”, Munster, Calvin, Tigurine version.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
If this rendering be approved, The wind hath bound her in its wings, the meaning is, that a sudden storm would sweep away the people, and thus would they be made ashamed of their sacrifices. So the past tense is to be taken for the future. We may indeed read the words in the past tense, as though the Prophet was speaking of what had already taken place. The wind, then, has already swept away the people; by which he intimates, that they seemed to have struck long and deep roots in their superstitions, but that the Lord had already given them up to the wind, that it might hold them tied in its wings. And wings, we know, is elsewhere ascribed to the wind, Psa 104:3. And thus the verse will be throughout a denunciation of vengeance.
The other similitude or metaphor is the most appropriate, and harmonizes better with the subject; for were not men to support their minds with vain confidence, they could never with so much audacity despise God’s word. Hence they are said to tie the wind in their wings; being unmindful of their own condition, they attempt as by means of the wind to fly; but when they proudly raise up themselves, they have no support but the wind. Let us now proceed —
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
Hos 4:19. The wind hath bound her up, &c. A whirlwind shall involve her in its eddies. Houbigant. One of the Jewish expositions is, “The wind is joined to her wings, as it is with a bird which it suffereth not to rest till it hath carried her afar off: so shall the armies of the enemy come against them, and carry them away captive:”An admirable image of the condition of a people torn by a conqueror from their native land, scattered in exile to the four quarters of the world, and living thenceforward without any settled residence of their own, liable to be moved about at the will of arbitrary masters, like a thing tied to the wings of the wind, obliged to go with the wind whichever way it set, but never suffered for a moment to lie still. The image is striking now; but must have been more striking, when a bird with expanded wings, or a huge pair of wings without head or body, was the hieroglyphic of the element of the air, or rather of the general mundane atmosphere, one of the most irresistible of physical agents. Hath bound, should be rendered, is binding, the present tense, to denote instant futurity. See Bishop Horsley.
REFLECTIONS.1st, Israel’s sins are the cause of all her miseries.
1. The prophet in God’s name summons the people to attend the charge that he is about to lay against them. Hear the word of the Lord, ye children of Israel: for the Lord hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land. Sin was the high offence, the cause of all their miseries and ours; and in God’s chosen nation it was more exceeding sinful.
2. Their indictment charges them with many high crimes and misdemeanors; for one of a thousand of which they cannot answer him. There is no truth, hypocritical towards God, and faithless towards men, their professions were deceit, and their promises falsehood: nor mercy; for where honesty is banished, charity cannot subsist. They paid no regard to the distresses of the indigent; and, wrapped up in themselves, with unfeeling disregard beheld the miseries of others. Nor knowledge of God in the land: they desired not to know him, their hearts were averse from his teachings; and this wilful ignorance was at once the cause and aggravation of their other sins. By swearing, they increased their load of guilt, wantonly profane, and taking God’s name in vain: and lying; they added perjury to profaneness, and in their ordinary conversation copied closely after their father the devil, who was a liar from the beginning: and by a complication of all the most enormous crimes they filled up the measure of their iniquities; by killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, with lawless violence, unrestrained by the laws of God or man, as a torrent, that sweeps away every mound, and deluges the country. And blood toucheth blood; so vast is the effusion of it, occasioned by the frequency of murders; or the dreadful massacres of the successive kings, each grasping at the crown over the corpse of his predecessor, 2Ki 15:8-30.
3. An awful sentence is passed upon them: for such sins, wherever they are found, are sure to meet a just recompense of reward. Therefore shall the land mourn, laid waste and desolate with famine and the sword; and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven, pining for want, or consumed with war and pestilence; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away, that no food may remain to satisfy their hunger. Note; God can quickly consume a sinful land: he has only to withdraw his mercies, and we perish immediately.
4. Their case is desperate. Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: either these are the words of the incorrigible people, silencing their reprovers; or of God to the prophet, enjoining him and other good men to desist from their labours, and abandon them to ruin: for thy people are as they that strive with the priest; they are so impudent in sin, that they would fly in the face even of the priests of God who admonished them; or all were become so bad, that, if a priest dared reprove them, they retorted on him, Physician, heal thyself. Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, the day of vengeance approaching; or to-day, immediately the wrath shall go forth; and the prophet also, the false prophets who deceived them with lying divinations, shall fall with thee in the night of deep adversity, which approaches; and I will destroy thy mother, the nation in general; for the people of Judaea as well as the ten tribes are here doomed to utter ruin. Note; (1.) They who are deaf to rebuke are on the precipice of ruin. (2.) We are bound not to suffer sin upon our brethren, without friendly admonition; but when we perceive them exasperated, instead of humbled, silence becomes duty. (3.) When sinners strive with their faithful ministers, and refuse to hear, their blood is on their own heads. (4.) They who have contributed to seduce others shall meet the heavier vengeance in the day of recompense.
2nd, The sin and punishment of the ungodly priests correspond with each other.
1. They rejected the knowledge of God, and suffered the people to perish for lack of it. And though this will be no excuse for the people, who chose darkness rather than light, yet will their blood be required at the negligent watchman’s hands. I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me, cut off both from the office and benefit of the priesthood. Note; (1.) Ignorance in a priest or minister of religion is doubly scandalous, and wilful ignorance the more atrociously criminal, as thereby not only their own souls but the souls of others are destroyed. (2.) Ignorance in the people is so far from being the mother of devotion, that it is the forerunner of destruction. (3.) Though, in such careless days as ours, men unqualified by ignorance, and scandalous by immoralities, are too often permitted to call themselves ministers of God, he will with abhorrence reject their pretensions, and in the great day drive them from his throne with aDepart, accursed, I never knew you.
2. They forgot the law of God, took no pains to remember it themselves or inculcate it upon others; therefore God threatens, I will also forget thy children, the children of the priests, who should be degraded, and not succeed their fathers in the priesthood. Wicked parents thus bring a curse upon their own offspring.
3. The abuse of their blessings shall prove their bane. As they were increased in numbers, wealth, and power, so they sinned against me with the more daring profaneness and insolent ingratitude; therefore will I change their glory into shame, when, led into a wretched captivity, they should be stripped of all their possessions and honours, and mingle with the ignominious heathen.
4. They were luxurious. They eat up the sin of my people, feasting on the sin-offerings; and while they were careless about instructing the people concerning the nature and design of the sacrifices, they fattened themselves upon the choicest part of them; they set their heart on their iniquity, wholly given up to the indulgence of their appetites; or lifted up their soul thereunto, well-pleased that the people should continue to sin, because this would multiply the sacrifices, and provide food for their gluttony. And there shall be like people, like priest, equally ignorant, intemperate, and profane; for when priests shew such ill examples, no wonder that a general profligacy of manners ensues. And I will punish them for their ways: they who were companions in sin shall suffer together; and reward them their doings, pouring out that vengeance upon them which they have provoked: for they shall eat, and not have enough; either their insatiable appetites should ever be craving, and find no satisfaction; or during the famine; or in captivity, they should know the pinchings of hunger; and pine away for very want of sustenance.
5. They committed fornication, and thought to have a numerous issue by these unlawful means; but they shall not increase; God will disappoint their desires, or slay their children: because they have left off to take heed to the Lord; apostate from his service, and open violators of his law. Note; (1.) When God is disregarded, men stop at no abominations. (2.) God’s curse will blast all unlawful ways of increase.
6. They had given their hearts to wine and wicked women. Whoredom and wine, and new wine, take away the heart, utterly estrange it from God; or such sins stupify the conscience, and rob men of their reason, so that they act as if infatuated. Thus does the curse ever follow the sin, close as the shadow does the body.
3rdly, The prophet goes on to charge upon the people of Israel those atrocious crimes which cried for vengeance.
1. Their sins were,
[1.] Idolatry. The spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err: their hearts were violently bent upon their idols, with such raging desires as govern the most licentious of mankind; and so astonishingly besotted, that they leave the living God, who would have been their husband, father, friend, almighty to help, all-wise to direct them, to ask counsel at their stocks; as if the log that they had squared and planed could teach them: and their staff declareth unto them; either some little image engraved on them, to which they paid their devotions: or they used the divinations of the heathen; and by the falling of their staff took directions for their conduct. To these senseless idols they offered their sacrifices and incense, upon the tops of the mountains, under oaks and poplars, and elms, because the shadow thereof is good, copying the manners of their heathen neighbours, and choosing the same places for the scenes of their impure rites and ceremonies.
[2.] Adultery. They are separated with whores, and sacrifice with harlots, the worship of their gods being celebrated with such abominations; and this continually, these crimes were their habitual practice.
[3.] Bribery, and perversion of justice. Her rulers with shame do love, Give ye. Nothing could be obtained of them without a fee, who should have administered justice freely; and gain, not right, swayed their decisions.
[4.] They obstinately persisted in their wicked ways. Israel slideth back, as a backsliding heifer, or refractory, that no fence can keep in; or that will not suffer the yoke, and, when goaded to draw, goes backward. So had they been, refusing to be restrained by God’s law, or kicking against the pricks of the prophetic warnings and afflictive providences: and so wedded were they to their idols; sins these, which, wherever they are found, will assuredly, as here, provoke God’s wrath and indignation against the guilty soul: for the people that doth not understand the danger and evil of their ways shall fall, and perish in their iniquities.
2. God threatens them with a variety of evils, as the righteous punishment of their transgressions.
[1.] Their daughters shall be given up to every vile and licentious practice, led by the bad examples of their husbands and fathers; and permitted with impunity to do so, as a punishment for the like crimes which they had committed.
[2.] They shall be given as sheep to the slaughter. The Lord will feed them as a lamb in a large place, and their prosperity shall hasten their perdition; or as one lamb, separated from the flock and in a desart, falls a prey to the devouring wolves, so should they be given up to the hand of the Assyrians, and dispersed in their vast empire.
[3.] God will abandon them to their own hearts; and a heavier curse cannot fall upon the sinner, than when God withdraws all his grace, and saith, Let him alone; let my Spirit no more strive, nor ministers rebuke, nor conscience check, nor providences restrain, nor mercies affect him: then his doom is fixed.
[4.] God will make their sins their punishment, as the drunkard often proves. Their drink is sour, their stomachs ovvercharged, and sickness like death seizes them, till every table is filled with vomit.
[5.] They shall be hurried away captives. The wind hath bound her up in her wings: the Assyrians, like a whirlwind, shall carry all before them; and then, too late, they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices, when their folly, in trusting to idols, and departing from God, will be made manifest.
3. Judah is admonished to take warning by Israel’s sin. Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend. Some interpreters suppose, that this is rather a caution to Israel, among all their other sins, not to draw their brethren of the house of Judah to offend with them, which would aggravate their guilt. But it is rather addressed to Judah, who might be tempted to join with the house of Israel in idolatry, which would be more criminal in them, who had the temple in the midst of them, and had not yet apostatized from God; and therefore they are forbidden to meet the Israelites in their places of idolatrous worship, Come not ye unto Gilgal, the chief scene of their wickedness, see chap. Hos 9:15 Hos 12:11 neither go ye up to Beth-aven: once the name was Bethel, the house of God; but since the golden calf has been erected there, it is Beth-aven, a house of iniquity or vanity, and to be shunned as the plague: nor swear, The Lord liveth; profanely, or falsely, or thoughtlessly taking this awful name into their lips. Note; (1.) The more advantages we enjoy to know God, and the more obligations we are under to cleave to him, the more will every departure from him bring aggravated guilt. (2.) They who would abstain from sin must shun the company of evil men, and never venture into the places of temptation: when we are out of the path of duty we must not expect protection. (3.) They who draw no sacred reverence for God’s name, evidently declare the profaneness and impiety of their hearts.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
REFLECTIONS
BLESSED Lord! cause my soul to read this solemn Chapter with an eye to what thou hast said, that thou hast declared in it that thou hast a controversy with thy people. Oh! gracious Lord God! And what do all thy controversies lead to, but to bring back thy people? Wherefore doth Jesus in his adorable grace, and love, and mercy, send forth his ambassadors, but that they should pray his people, as though God did beseech them in Christ’s stead, to be reconciled to God. Surely the Church hath reason to be humbled in the dust before thee, when she calls to remembrance, that the land mourns for the sins of it; and that the great and crying sins are the transgressions of the Lord’s people. And if the Lord in the days of the Prophet, declared that his people were destroyed for lack of knowledge, what shall be said of the present hour, but that it is a Christ-despising generation, who know not the Lord. Lord, take to thyself thy great name, and come forth for thine own cause, arid turn back the captivity of Jacob!
Oh! ye deluded sons and daughters of Adam! ye who take pleasure in the infirmities of God’s people, and eat up their sin. Jesus will plead for his redeemed, when he seeth that their power is gone. He will revive his chosen; he will take up their cause; he will yet make them a name and a praise among the people of the earth, to whom they have been a reproach, in the day when he bindeth up their breach and healeth their wound: even in the day of his great power. The zeal of the Lord of hosts will do this.
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Hos 4:19 The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.
Ver. 19. The wind hath bound her up in her wings ] The evil spirit (saith Jerome) hurries them towards hell, which is the just hire of the least sin; how much more of these afore mentioned abominations! Take it rather to be spoken of the suddenness, swiftness, and unresistableness of God’s judgments, set forth by mighty winds rending the rocks, and tearing up the mountains by the roots, Job 38:9 . How then shall wicked men (compared to chaff or “dust of the mountains”) stand before the tempest of God’s wrath, the thunder of his power? Well they may applaud and stroke themselves for a time; but the wind shall bind them up in her wings; God shall blow them to destruction, Job 4:9 : his executioners have the “wings of a stork,” large and long, and “wind in those wings,” to note their ready obedience, Zec 5:9 . And although, Eze 1:26 , God be represented as sitting upon a throne to show his slowness to punish, yet that “throne hath wings and hands under those wings,” to show his swiftness and readiness to do seasonable execution upon his enemies.
And they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
wind, &c. = the spirit of whoredoms (Hos 4:12) has bound itself up. Hebrew. ruach. App-9.
in her wings = in her skirts (so as to impede her gait).
they shall be ashamed. Compare Isa 1:29. Jer 2:26. This verse is not “in confusion”, as alleged. These verses (16-19) are not “scraps”, as alleged, but are closely connected with the context. They are required by the Structure “Hos 4:15-19” and “Hos 5:8-15” on p. 1213.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
wind: Jer 4:11, Jer 4:12, Jer 51:1, Zec 5:9-11
and: Hos 10:6, Isa 1:29, Isa 42:17, Jer 2:26, Jer 2:27, Jer 2:36, Jer 2:37, Jer 3:24, Jer 3:25, Jer 17:13
Reciprocal: Job 30:22 – liftest me Isa 64:6 – our iniquities Jer 22:22 – wind Hos 13:15 – an east
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Hos 4:19. Wind hath hound her up. When the lightness of something is to be compared or described, it is often done by likening it to chaff which the wind driveth away (Psa 1:4), and Israel is so pictured in this passage. Ashamed because of their sacrifices refers to the complete cure of idolatry that resulted from exile.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Hos 4:19. The wind hath bound her up in her wings Or rather, binds, or, is binding her up, the present tense being put to denote instant futurity. The passage is strongly figurative, to signify that they should be suddenly taken away out of their country, and carried with irresistible force, and incredible speed, into a distant land. It is not unusual, in other writers, to attribute wings to the winds, to express their swiftness; and when any thing is said to be bound up in the wings of the wind, the expression must signify its being taken far away with great celerity. An admirable image this,
says Bishop Horsley, of the condition of a people, torn by a conqueror from their native land, scattered in exile to the four quarters of the world, and living thenceforward without any settled residence of their own, liable to be moved about at the will of arbitrary masters, like a thing tied to the wings of the wind, obliged to go with the wind which ever way it set, but never suffered for a moment to lie still. The image is striking now; but must have been more striking when a bird with expanded wings, or a huge pair of wings, without head or body, was the hieroglyphic of the element of the air, or rather of the general mundane atmosphere, one of the most irresistible of physical agents. And they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices They shall be confounded to find, by experience, that all their sacrifices to idols have profited them nothing, but brought severe calamities upon them.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
4:19 The wind hath {y} bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.
(y) To carry them suddenly away.
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
God would blow Israel away in judgment as though the wind wrapped the nation in its wings. When judgment came, the Israelites would finally feel shame for sacrificing to idols.
"God’s covenant people are called to court, found to be in violation of the stipulations of his covenant, and sentenced to destruction.
"The passage details a long series of crimes against the divine law, all related to the catalog of blessings and curses found in Deuteronomy 28-33. The sins of omission and commission pictured so relentlessly throughout the chapter make up a remarkably complete picture of the depths of Israel’s apostasy." [Note: Stuart, p. 86.]