Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Jeremiah 21:4
Thus saith the LORD God of Israel; Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that [are] in your hands, wherewith ye fight against the king of Babylon, and [against] the Chaldeans, which besiege you without the walls, and I will assemble them into the midst of this city.
4. There is here a suspicious harshness of expression, and Co. on that account omits the v. The harshness is diminished, though not quite removed, if we omit (with LXX) “and I will gather them.” The Jews shall no longer be able, as at present, to make sallies on the besiegers.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Without the walls – These words are to be joined to wherewith ye fight.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 4. I will turn back the weapons] Every attempt you make to repel the Chaldeans shall be unsuccessful.
I will assemble them into the midst of this city.] I will deliver the city into their hands.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
The honour that the king of Judah had put upon the prophet, in sending these special messengers to him, is no temptation to this good prophet to prophesy smooth and pleasing things, for which he had no warrant from God. The prophet styleth God
the God of Israel, because the whole posterity of Jacob were in covenant with God; notwithstanding which, ten parts of twelve were at this time carried into a captivity from which they never returned; yet God was the God of Israel, for all were not Israel that were descended from Israel, but those only who were Israelites indeed, without guile; so that the prophet by this name given to God doth both assert Gods faithfulness to his covenant, and also show the consistency of that faithfulness with those judgments which he was now bringing upon that remnant of Israel which yet were in their own land. Tile message which God by the prophet sendeth to Zedekiah is exceeding terrible. The sum of it is, that as they had not dealt with God according to the works of Israel, and the former generation that descended from him, or those at least who were the true Israel of God; so they must not expect that God should deal with them according to his former wondrous works, but that as he with the pure had showed himself upright, so with the froward he should show himself froward. For God had determined to turn into their own bowels, and against themselves, the weapons they had in their hands taken up
against the king of Babylon and the Chaldeans that were now besieging them (by which we may learn that this message was sent during the time of the siege, probably about the beginning of it, for it lasted eighteen months).
I will assemble them into the midst of this city; God threateneth to bring the Chaldeans into the midst of the holy city, that their city should be broken up, their arms taken from them, and they killed with their own swords. There is a great emphasis in the pronoun
I. It is not an enemy that is to be feared, but Gods being our enemy.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
4. God of IsraelThose”wondrous works” (Jer21:2) do not belong to you; God is faithful; it is youwho forfeit the privileges of the covenant by unfaithfulness. “Godwill always remain the God of Israel, though He destroy theeand thy people” [CALVIN].
turn back the weaponsIwill turn them to a very different use from what you intend them.With them you now fight against the Chaldees “without the walls”(the Jewish defenders being as yet able to sally forth more freely,and defend the fountains outside the walls in the valley under MountZion; see Jer 21:13; Jer 19:6;Jer 19:7); but soon ye shall bedriven back within the city [MAURER],and “in the midst” of it, I will cause all your arms to begathered in one place (“I will assemble them,“namely, your arms) by the Chaldean conquerors [GROTIUS],who shall slay you with those very arms [MENOCHIUS].
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Thus saith the Lord God of Israel,…. Who had been, still was, and would be, Israel’s God, even the God of such who are Israelites indeed; though he should, as he would, give up the present generation to ruin and destruction; they having by their sins forfeited his care and protection of them; and therefore it was in vain to hope for it from this character which they bore:
behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that [are] in your hands; so that they should do no hurt to the enemy, but recoil upon themselves. The meaning is, that they should be useless and unserviceable; that they should neither be defensive to them, nor offensive to their enemies; but rather hurtful to themselves. It seems to suggest, as if they should fall out with one another; and, like the Midianites, turn their swords upon one another, and destroy each other:
wherewith ye fight against the king of Babylon, and [against] the Chaldeans which besiege you without the walls; by shooting arrows at them from within the city; or by sallying out unto them with sword in hand: this, shows that the Chaldean army, under the command of the king of Babylon, was now without the walls of Jerusalem besieging it:
and I will assemble them into the midst of this city; either the weapons of war, as Jarchi and others; which the Chaldeans, breaking into the city, should cause to be brought in to them in the middle of the city, and there slay them with them: or rather the Chaldeans, as Kimchi; who, though now without the walls, and which the Jews thought a sufficient security for them; yet should not be long there, but the walls would be broken down, and they should enter the city, and rendezvous their whole army in the midst of it.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
He says, Behold I, etc.; it was said before, Nebuchadnezzar is come to make war with us: now he says, “I am God;” as though he had said, “Nebuchadnezzar may be conquered, he may change his counsel, he may leave you through weariness; but know ye that Nebuchadnezzar fights under my authority.” Behold, he says, I prohibit (for so ought מסכ to be rendered) all the warlike instruments which are in your hands, and with which ye fight against the king of Babylon and against the Chaldeans; as though he had said, “However furnished ye may be with weapons and forces, and whatever may be necessary to defend the city, I forbid the use of these weapons, that is, I will cause that they will avail you nothing.” Some, as I have said, render the word, “I will turn them against you.” But the meaning seems more suitable to the etymology of the word, when we say, that the weapons which the Jews had would avail them nothing, because God would prevent them from producing any effect. (21)
He afterwards adds, the Chaldeans, who fight without the wall against you He described their state at that time, for the city was besieged by the Chaldeans; there was a wall between them, and the Jews thought that they could repel the attacks of their enemies. But God says, “the Chaldeans are this day shut out by the wall, but I will gather them, he says, into the middle of this city; that is, I will make a breach, so that the wall may not be a hinderance to prevent, the Chaldeans from occupying the very bosom of the city.” It follows, —
(21) The verb סכ means to turn, to turn aside, to turn round, to change; it seems to mean here to turn to a contrary purpose, to turn from the right use, to divert, to revert, or to reverse, “Behold, I will reverse the instruments of war which are in your hands; μετάστρεφω — I change,” that is, to what is opposite, is the Sept.; Blayney reads, “Behold, I will turn aside,” etc. — Ed
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(4) Behold, I will turn back . . .Jeremiahs answer is far other than they looked for, and had even ventured to suggest. The judgment could no longer be averted. The hand of Jehovah was against them, and would bring the Chaldans that were now outside the walls nearer and nearer, till they came within them. In the structure of the sentence, however, without the walls belongs to wherewith ye fight. The defenders of the city were to be driven back within its gates from the outer line of fortifications.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
THE PROPHET’S ANSWER, Jer 21:3-14.
4. I will turn back, etc. No help for the king in God. Without the walls, should be joined to ye fight, and not as in the Authorized Version.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Jer 21:4. And I will assemble them That is “the Chaldeans, to destroy you with your own arms.”
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Jer 21:4 Thus saith the LORD God of Israel; Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that [are] in your hands, wherewith ye fight against the king of Babylon, and [against] the Chaldeans, which besiege you without the walls, and I will assemble them into the midst of this city.
Ver. 4. Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war, ] i.e., I will render them vain and useless; as it is God who in battle ordereth the ammunition, Jer 50:25 and maketh the weapons vain or prosperous. Isa 54:17 Jer 50:9 This was plainly seen at Edgehill fight.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
the LORD God of Israel = Jehovah the Elohim of Israel. See note on Jer 11:3, and App-4.
Behold. Figure of speech. Asterismos. App-6.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Behold: Jer 32:5, Jer 33:5, Jer 37:8-10, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, Jer 38:17, Jer 38:18, Jer 52:18, Isa 10:4, Hos 9:12
and I: Jer 39:3, Isa 5:5, Isa 13:4, Lam 2:5, Lam 2:7, Eze 16:37-41, Zec 14:2, Mat 22:7
Reciprocal: Deu 28:52 – General Jer 1:18 – against Jer 15:12 – Shall iron Jer 20:4 – I will give Jer 32:3 – Behold Jer 32:24 – the city is Jer 34:2 – Behold Jer 34:22 – shall fight Jer 35:17 – Behold Jer 36:29 – The king Jer 37:10 – though Lam 1:17 – commanded Eze 17:9 – shall he Eze 39:3 – General Hos 10:10 – and the Hab 1:6 – I raise
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Jer 21:4. When God makes use of a man or army or any other means to accomplish a certain purpose, then to oppose that means is equivalent to opposing Him. This is true even if the thing to be accomplished would have been wrong under other circumstances. For instance, the revolt of the ten tribes was a thing wrong in itself, but the time had come and the circumstances were such that God knew the king in Jerusalem deserved such a misfortune. Therefore when he sought to interfere with the movement he was rebuked by the Lord. (See 1Ki 11:26-35; 1Ki 12:21-24.) Likewise when the kingdom of Judah became so corrupt with idolatry, the Lord decreed to punish it by bringing the Babylonians against the city and taking the people into captivity. Because of all this it was the same as opposing God for Judah to oppose the Babylonians, and the more submissive anyone was to them the easier it would be for him in the outcome, (See the comments at Jer 15:2.) This is why Jeremiah sent word to Zedekiah that his weapons of defence would fail and the enemy would finally enter Jerusalem. Babylon was the empire whose capital was the city of that name, and the Chaldeans were a special group of people who were the most influential among the others. Politically the two names were used interchangeably in the time of the captivity.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Jer 21:4-7. Behold, I will turn back the weapons, &c. Instead of doing execution upon your enemies, they shall hurt yourselves, and be the occasion of your own destruction. God will as visibly appear against you as if a miraculous wind were to drive back your own darts and arrows, and turn them upon yourselves. And I myself will fight against you By the executioners of my wrath, the sword, the famine, and the pestilence. I will plainly appear on your enemies side, by the success I will give to their arms. And I will smite the inhabitants of this city I the Lord will do it, and it shall evidently appear to be my work; both man and beast Even the beasts shall perish, both those that are for food, and those that are for service in war. They shall die of a great pestilence Which shall rage within the walls, while their enemies are encamped about them. Though the walls and gates of Jerusalem may for a time keep out the Chaldeans, they cannot keep out Gods judgments. His arrows of pestilence can reach those that think themselves safe from other arrows. And I will deliver Zedekiah, &c. The king himself, and all the people that escape the sword, famine, and pestilence, shall fall into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar and the Chaldeans. And he shall smite them with the edge of the sword Zedekiah himself was not put to death, but carried to Babylon, where he died: see Jer 24:5. But his sons and his great men were slain by the command of Nebuchadnezzar, 2Ki 25:7-8. It is common in all writers to express that indefinitely which is true of the greater part of the persons concerned. Lowth. He shall not spare, neither have pity nor mercy These three synonymous terms are used by way of emphasis, to express the severe revenge the Babylonians would take of them. The inhabitants of Jerusalem must indeed have been sensible at last, that they could expect little or no mercy, since they had rebelled three times against the king of Babylon.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
21:4 Thus saith the LORD God of Israel; Behold, I will {b} turn back the weapons of war that [are] in your hands, with which ye fight against the king of Babylon, and [against] the Chaldeans, who besiege you outside the walls, and I will assemble them into the midst of this city.
(b) That is, from your enemies to destroy yourselves.