Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Jeremiah 25:30
Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them, The LORD shall roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; he shall give a shout, as they that tread [the grapes], against all the inhabitants of the earth.
30. The Lord shall roar ] as a lion coming forth from his covert, and terrifying by his approach the shepherds and their flocks. There is no escape and the slain cover the earth. Cp. Amo 1:2.
fold ] For mg. pasture cp. Jer 10:25, Jer 23:3.
a shout ] lit. a vintage shout, the cry with which the treaders of the grapes used to cheer their toil. So Jehovah will trample down the nations. Cp. Jer 48:33, where see note; Isa 16:10. Here, however, it is the battle shout. Cp. Jer 51:14.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
30 38. The judgement to come upon all the peoples of the earth. The description is characterized by Oriental hyperbole. A considerable amount is adapted from elsewhere, and the eschatological character of the whole tends to throw serious doubts upon the genuineness of the passage.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Yahweh has risen like a lion from His covert, and at His roaring the whole world is filled with terror and confusion.
Upon his habitation – Against His pasture; i. e., Judaea. Yahweh comes forth as the lion to destroy the sheep which lie terrified within the circle of the tents.
A shout – The vintage-shout, here used for the war-cry. Compare Isa 16:9; Isa 63:3.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Reveal my will unto them presently, to revenge myself upon them, in words to this sense or purpose; tell them that I, who hitherto have been toward them as a lamb, will now be to them as a lion; so Joe 3:16; Amo 1:2; 3:8; and, as a lion, will roar from heaven; for though the temple be sometimes called his holy habitation, yet the foregoing words, from, on high, expound this term in this place otherwise. Upon his habitation, or in his habitation, which is more likely to be understood, in heaven, (as the former,) than, in Jerusalem, as divers would have it; for God is here revealing his wrath against foreign nations, upon some of which these judgments came after God had done roaring in or upon Jerusalem.
He shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth; a shout, such as soldiers use to give when they storm a city, or assault their enemies, to encourage their fellows, and to dishearten their enemies; like the shout of those that tread the grapes, singing one to another, or rejoicing and triumphing in the vintage.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
30. roarimage from adestructive lion (Isa 42:13;Joe 3:16).
upon his habitationrather,”His pasturage”; keeping up the image of a lion roaringagainst the flock in the pasture. The roar was first to go forth overJudea wherein were “the sheep of His pasture” (Ps100:3), and thence into heathen lands.
shout . . . tread . . .grapes (Jer 48:33; Isa 16:9;Isa 16:10).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them,…. What follows, as well as declare all that is before spoken concerning the cup of fury all nations must drink of:
the Lord shall roar from on high: from, heaven, like a lion, in violent claps of thunder; or in such dreadful dispensations of his providence, as will be very amazing and terrifying:
and utter his voice from his holy habitation; from heaven, as before; and though it will be terrible, yet quite consistent with his holiness and justice:
he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; the temple at Jerusalem, where he had his residence; but now should be deserted by him, and feel the effects of his wrath in the destruction and desolation of it: or rather, since the address is made to the nations of the world, and not to the Jews, it may be rendered, “in” or “out of his habitation” q; and so designs heaven, as before; and all these expressions are intended to show both the certainty and terribleness of the dispensation;
he shall give a shout, as they that tread [the grapes], against all the inhabitants of the earth; or, “answer a shout” r; give the onset for battle against the inhabitants of the earth, as the general of an army; which is accompanied with a shout, like that which is made by workmen treading in the wine press, to encourage one another to go on the more cheerfully in their work.
q “in habitaculo suo”, Junius Tremellius “vel [ex habitaculo]”, Gataker, Schmidt. r “heded respondebit”, Schmidt; “celeusma respondebit”, Gataker.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
“But do thou prophesy to them all these words, and say unto them: Jahveh will roar from on high, and from His holy habitation let His voice resound; He will roar against His pasture, raise a shout like treaders of grapes against all the inhabitants of the earth. Jer 25:31. Noise reacheth to the end of the earth, for controversy hath Jahveh with the nations; contend will He with all flesh; the wicked He gives to the sword, is the saying of Jahveh. Jer 25:32. Thus saith Jahveh of hosts: Behold, evil goeth forth from nation to nation, and (a) great storm shall raise itself from the utmost coasts of the earth. Jer 25:33. And the slain of Jahveh shall lie on that day from one end of the earth unto the other, shall not be lamented, neither gathered nor buried; for dung shall they be upon the ground. Jer 25:34. Howl, ye shepherds, and cry! and sprinkle you (with ashes), ye lordliest of the flock! For your days are filled for the slaughter; and I scatter you so that ye shall fall like a precious vessel. Jer 25:35. Lost is flight to the shepherds, and escape to the lordliest of the flock. Jer 25:36. Hark! Crying of the shepherds and howling of the lordliest of the flock; for Jahveh layeth waste their pasture. Jer 25:37. Desolated are the pastures of peace because of the heat of Jahveh’s anger. Jer 25:38. He hath forsaken like a young lion his covert; for their land is become a desert, because of the oppressing sword, and because of the heath of His anger.”
In this passage the emblem of the cup of the Lord’s anger (Jer 25:25-29) is explained by a description of the dreadful judgment God is to inflict on all the inhabitants of the earth. This is not the judgment on the world at large as distinguished from that proclaimed in Jer 25:15-29 against the kingdom of God and the kingdoms of the world, as Ng. supposes. It is the nature of this same judgment that is here discussed, not regard being here paid to the successive steps of its fulfilment. Jer 25:30 and Jer 25:31 are only a further expansion of the second half of Jer 25:29. “All these words” refers to what follows. The clause”Jahveh will roar” to “let His voice resound” is a reminiscence from Joe 3:16 and Amo 1:2; but instead of “out of Zion and out of Jerusalem” in those passages, we have here “from on high,” i.e., heaven, and out of His holy habitation (in heaven), because the judgment is not to fall on the heathen only, but on the theocracy in a special manner, and on the earthly sanctuary, the temple itself, so that it can come only from heaven or the upper sanctuary. Jahveh will roar like a lion against His pasture (the pasture or meadow where His flock feeds, cf. Jer 10:25); a name for the holy land, including Jerusalem and the temple; not: the world subject to Him (Ew.). ‘ , He will answer Hedad like treaders of grapes; i.e., raise a shout as they do. Answer; inasmuch as the shout or wary-cry of Jahveh is the answer to the words and deeds of the wicked. Grammatically is accus. and object to the verb: Hedad he gives as answer. The word is from , crash, and signifies the loud cry with which those that tread grapes keep time in the alternate raising and thrusting of the feet. Ew. is accordingly correct, though far from happy, in rendering the word “tramping-song;” see on Isa 16:9. As to the figure of the treader of grapes, cf. Isa 63:3.
Jer 25:31 is the din of war, the noise of great armies, cf. Isa 17:12., etc. For the Lord conducts a controversy, a cause at law, with the nations, with all flesh, i.e., with all mankind; cf. Jer 2:9, Jer 2:35. – is for the sake of emphasis put first and resumed again in the suffix to . “Give to the sword” as in Jer 15:9.
Jer 25:32-33 As a fierce storm (cf. Jer 23:19) rises from the ends of the earth on the horizon, so will evil burst forth and seize on one nation after another. Those slain by Jahveh will then lie, unmourned and unburied, from one end of the earth to the other; cf. Jer 8:2; Jer 16:4. With “slain of Jahveh,” cf. Isa 66:16. Jahveh slays them by the sword in war.
Jer 25:34-35 No rank is spared. This is intimated in the summons to howl and lament addressed to the shepherds, i.e., the kings and rulers on earth (cf. Jer 10:21; Jer 22:22, etc.), and to the lordly or glorious of the flock, i.e., to the illustrious, powerful, and wealthy. With “sprinkle you,” cf. Jer 6:26. Your days are full or filled for the slaughter, i.e., the days of your life are full, so that ye shall be slain; cf. Lam 4:18. is obscure and hard to explain. It is so read by the Masora, while many codd. and editt. have . According to this latter form, Jerome, Rashi, Kimchi, lately Maur. and Umbr., hold the word for a substantive: your dispersions. But whether we connect this with what precedes or what follows, we fail to obtain a fitting sense from it. Your days are full and your dispersions, for: the time is come when ye shall be slain and dispersed, cannot be maintained, because “dispersions” is not in keeping with “are full.” Again: as regards your dispersions, ye shall fall, would give a good meaning, only if “your dispersions” meant: the flock dispersed by the fault of the shepherds; and with this the second pers. “ye shall fall” does not agree. The sig. of fatness given by Ew. to the word is wholly arbitrary. Hitz., Gr. and Ng. take the word to be a Tiphil (like , Jer 12:5; Jer 22:15), and read , I scatter you. This gives a suitable sense; and there is no valid reason for attaching to the word, as Hitz. and Gr. do, the force of or , smite in pieces. The thought, that one part of the flock shall be slain, the other scattered, seems quite apt; so also is that which follows, that they are scattered shall fall and break like precious, i.e., fine, ornamental vases. Hence there was no occasion for Ew.’s conjectural emendation, , like precious lambs. Nor does the lxx rendering: , give it any support; for does not mean rams, but lambs. The similar comparison of Jechoniah to a worthless vessel (22:28) tells in favour of the reading in the text (Graf). – In Jer 25:35 the threatening is made more woeful by the thought, that the shepherds shall find no refuge, and that no escape will be open to the sheep.
Jer 25:36-38 The prophet is already hearing in spirit the lamentation to which in Jer 25:34 he has called them, because Jahveh has laid waste the pastures of the shepherds and their flocks, and destroyed the peaceful meadows by the heat of His anger. – In Jer 25:38, finally, the discourse is rounded off by a repetition and expansion of the thought with which the description of the judgment was begun in Jer 25:30. As a young lion forsakes his covert to seek for prey, so Jahveh has gone forth out of His heavenly habitation to hold judgment on the people; for their (the shepherds’) land becomes a desert. The perff. are prophetic. has grounding force. The desolation of the land gives proof that the Lord has arisen to do judgment. seems strange, since the adjective never occurs independently, but only in connection with (Jer 46:16; Jer 50:16, and with , Zec 3:1). , again, is regularly joined with ‘ , and only three times besides with a suffix referring to Jahveh (Exo 15:7; Psa 2:5; Eze 7:14). In this we find justification for the conjecture of Hitz., Ew., Gr., etc., that we should read with the lxx and Chald. . The article with the adj. after the subst. without one, here and in Jer 46:16; Jer 50:16, is to be explained by the looseness of connection between the participle and its noun; cf. Ew. 335, a.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
| General Desolation; Jeremiah’s Faithful Preaching. | B. C. 607. |
30 Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them, The LORD shall roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; he shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth. 31 A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; for the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, he will plead with all flesh; he will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the LORD. 32 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth. 33 And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth: they shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung upon the ground. 34 Howl, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves in the ashes, ye principal of the flock: for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished; and ye shall fall like a pleasant vessel. 35 And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the principal of the flock to escape. 36 A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and a howling of the principal of the flock, shall be heard: for the LORD hath spoiled their pasture. 37 And the peaceable habitations are cut down because of the fierce anger of the LORD. 38 He hath forsaken his covert, as the lion: for their land is desolate because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because of his fierce anger.
We have, in these verses, a further description of those terrible desolations which the king of Babylon with his armies should make in all the countries and nations round about Jerusalem. In Jerusalem God had erected his temple; there were his oracles and ordinances, which the neighbouring nations should have attended to and might have received benefit by; thither they should have applied for the knowledge of God and their duty, and then they might have had reason to bless God for their neighbourhood to Jerusalem; but they, instead of that, taking all opportunities either to debauch or to disturb that holy city, when God came to reckon with Jerusalem because it learned so much of the way of the nations, he reckoned with the nations because they learned so little of the way of Jerusalem.
They will soon be aware of Nebuchadrezzar’s making war upon them; but the prophet is here directed to tell them that it is God himself that makes war upon them, a God with whom there is no contending. 1. The war is here proclaimed (v. 30): The Lord shall roar from on high; not from Mount Zion and Jerusalem (as Joe 3:16; Amo 1:2), but from heaven, from his holy habitation there; for now Jerusalem is one of the places against which he roars. He shall mightily roar upon his habitation on earth from that above. He has been long silent, and seemed not to take notice of the wickedness of the nations; the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now he shall give a shout, as the assailants in battle do, against all the inhabitants of the earth, to whom it shall be a shout of terror, and yet a shout of joy in heaven, as theirs that tread the grapes; for, when God is reckoning with the proud enemies of his kingdom among men, there is a great voice of much people heard in heaven, saying, Hallelujah, Rev. xix. 1. He roars as a lion (Amo 3:4; Amo 3:8), as a lion that has forsaken his covert (v. 38), and is going abroad to seek his prey, upon which he roars, that he may the more easily seize it. 2. The manifesto is here published, showing the causes and reasons why God proclaims this war (v. 31): The Lord has a controversy with the nations; he has just cause to contend with them, and he will take this way of pleading with them. His quarrel with them is, in one word, for their wickedness, their contempt of him, and his authority over them and kindness to them. He will give those that are wicked to the sword. They have provoked God to anger, and thence comes all this destruction; it is because of the fierce anger of the Lord (Jer 25:37; Jer 25:38), the fierceness of the oppressor, or (as it might better be read) the fierceness of the oppressing sword (for the word is feminine) is because of his fierce anger; and we are sure that he is never angry without cause; but who knows the power of his anger? 3. The alarm is here given and taken: A noise will come even to the ends of the earth, so loud shall it roar, so far shall it reach, v. 31. The alarm is not given by sound of trumpet, or beat of drum, but by a whirlwind, a great whirlwind, storm, or tempest, which shall be raised up from the coasts, the remote coasts of the earth, v. 32. The Chaldean army shall be like a hurricane raised in the north, but thence carried on with incredible fierceness and swiftness, bearing down all before it. It is like the whirlwind out of which God answered Job, which was exceedingly terrible, Job 37:1; Job 38:1. And, when the wrath of God thus roars like a lion from heaven, no marvel if it be echoed with shrieks from earth; for who can choose but tremble when God thus speaks in displeasure? See Hosea xi. 10. Now the shepherds shall howl and cry, the kings, and princes, and the great ones of the earth, the principal of the flock. They used to be the most courageous and secure, but now their hearts shall fail them; they shall wallow themselves in the ashes, v. 34. Seeing themselves utterly unable to make head against the enemy, and seeing their country, which they have the charge of and a concern for, inevitably ruined, they shall abandon themselves to sorrow. There shall be a voice of the cry of the shepherds, and a howling of the principal of the flock shall be heard, v. 36. Those are great calamities indeed that strike such a terror upon the great men, and put them into this consternation. The Lord hath spoiled their pasture, in which they fed their flock, and out of which they fed themselves; the spoiling of that makes them cry-out thus. Perhaps, carrying on the metaphor of a lion roaring, it alludes to the great fright that shepherds are in when they hear a roaring lion coming towards their flocks, and find they have no way to flee (v. 35) for their own safety, neither can the principal of their flock escape. The enemy will be so numerous, so furious, so sedulous, and the extent of their armies so vast, that it will be impossible to avoid falling into their hands. Note, As we cannot out-face, so we cannot out-run, the judgments of God. This is that for which the shepherds howl and cry. 4. The progress of this war is here described (v. 32): Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation; as the cup goes round, every nation shall have its share and take warning by the calamities of another to repent and reform. Nay, as if this ere to be a little representation of the last and general judgment, it shall reach from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth, v. 33. The day of vengeance is in his heart, and now his hand shall find out all his enemies, wherever they are, Ps. xxi. 8. Note, When our neighbour’s house is on fire it is time to be concerned for our own. When one nation is a seat of war every neighbouring nation should hear, and fear, and make its peace with God. 5. The dismal consequences of this war are here foretold: The days of slaughter and dispersions are accomplished, that is, they are fully come (v. 34), the time fixed in the divine counsel for the slaughter of some and the dispersion of the rest, which will make the nations completely desolate. Multitudes shall fall by the sword of the merciless Chaldeans, so that the slain of the Lord shall be every where found: they are slain by commission from him, and are sacrificed to his justice. The slain for sin are the slain of the Lord. To complete the misery of their slaughter, they shall not be lamented in particular, so general shall the matter of lamentation be. Nay, they shall not be gathered up, nor buried, for they shall have no friends left to bury them, and the enemies shall not have so much humanity in them as to do it; and then they shall be as dung upon the earth, so vile and noisome: and it is well if, as dung manures the earth and makes it fruitful, so these horrid spectacles, which lie as monuments of divine justice, might be a means to awaken the inhabitants of the earth to learn righteousness. The effect of this war will be the desolation of the whole land that is the seat of it (v. 38), one land after another. But here are two expressions more that seem to make the case in a particular manner piteous. (1.) You shall fall like a pleasant vessel, v. 34. The most desirable persons among them, who most valued themselves and were most valued, who were looked upon as vessels of honour, shall fall by the sword. You shall fall as a Venice glass or a China dish, which is soon broken all to pieces. Even the tender and delicate shall share in the common calamity; the sword devours one as well as another. (2.) Even the peaceable habitations are cut down. Those that used to be quiet, and not molested, the habitations in which you have long dwelt in peace, shall now be no longer such, but cut down by the war. Or, Those who used to be quiet, and not molesting any of their neighbours, those who lived in peace, easily, and gave no provocation to any, even those shall not escape. This is one of the direful effects of war, that even those who were most harmless and inoffensive suffer hard things. Blessed be God, there is a peaceable habitation above for all the sons of peace, which is out of the reach of fire and sword.
Fuente: Matthew Henry’s Whole Bible Commentary
Vs. 30-38: A ROARING LION AND RAGING TEMPEST
1. The voice of the Lord will roar from His holy habitation to the ends of the earth; it will, first, be against His own fold, homestead or pasture -figures for Judah, (vs. 30-31).
a. It is the shout of the warrior. going to battle, (comp. Jer 51:14; Zep 3:8; Joe 3:9-21; Rev 19:11-21).
b. Even if the translators are right in their insertion of the words “the grapes” (vs. 30), the joyous shout of Him Who treads the winepress alone is the laughter of mockery toward those whose folly is finally being exposed and punished, (Pro 1:24-32; Psa 2:4-5; Isa 63:3-4).
2. Because of the Lord’s judicial prosecution of His case against sinful nations, the crash of battle will be heard to the ends of the earth, as He reads the indictment of righteous judgment upon all flesh, (vs. 30b, 31).
3. In another figure, punishment is seen coming upon all nations in a swirling tornado that arises from the uttermost corners of the earth.
a. The slain of the Lord, in that day, will reach to the ends of the earth.
b. Since there is no one left to mourn, or to gather and bury them, their carcasses will be left to fertilize the ground, (comp. Ezekiel 38-39; Rev 14:19-20; Rev 19:17-20).
4. Special attention is called (vs. 34-38) to the faithless “shepherds” who have acted in their own selfish interests – forgetting the welfare of the flock, and the word of God.
a. The day for their judgment has arrived; nor will they be spared for their howling cries.
b. Like a roaring lion, the Lord has left His covert, to execute the fierceness of His righteous indignation upon these leaders of the flock!
c. Their lands are desolated, and they will fall like choice rams in the day of slaughter.
5. The ultimate fulfillment of this far-reaching prophecy still awaits the future; the overthrow of Gentile world-power, and the divine purging, cleansing and restoration of Edenic order, is necessary before there can be a NEW BEGINNING under Him who is the KING OF THE AGES!
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
The word הידד , eidad, is rendered celeusma, a shout; but some render it a mournful singing; and it often occurs when the vintage is spoken of. Celeusma, as it is well known, is the shout of sailors. Its etymology is indeed general in its meaning; for κελεύειν is to exhort, to encourage; and then the noun is exhortation. But as this word is only used as to sailors, I prefer to adopt the word sound, or a loud noise.
Then he says, Prophesy thou against them all these words, and say to them, etc. I have already reminded you that no command was given to the Prophet to go to the heathens and to address each nation among them, or, in other words, to perform among them his prophetic office. But though he did not move a foot from the city, yet the influence of his prophecy reached through every region of the earth. The preaching therefore of Jeremiah was not in vain, for the Jews understood by what happened, that there was in the language of the holy man the power of the Spirit for the salvation of all the godly, and for the destruction of all the unbelieving. It is, then, in this sense that God bids and commands him again to prophesy against all nations, and to speak to them, not that he actually addressed them; but when he taught the Jews, his doctrine had an influence on all nations.
And he says, Jehovah from on high shall roar, and from the habitation of his holiness shall send forth his voice The metaphor of roaring is sufficiently common. It seems indeed unsuitable to apply it to God; but we know how tardy men are, and how they indulge themselves in their own insensibility, even when God threatens them. Hence God, adopting a hyperbolical mode of speaking, reproves their stupidity, as he cannot move them except he exceeds the limits of moderation. This then is the reason why he compares himself to a lion, not that we are to imagine that there is anything savage or cruel in him; but as I have said, men cannot be moved, except God puts on another character and comes forth as a lion, while yet he testifies not in vain elsewhere, that he is slow to wrath, inclined to mercy and long-suffering. (Psa 86:5.) Let us then know that the impious contempt, by which most men are fascinated, is thus condemned, when God does as it were in this manner transform himself, and is constrained to represent himself as a lion.
Roar, then, he says, shall Jehovah, from on high, and from the habitation of his holiness shall he send forth his voice When he speaks of on high, it is probable that heaven is meant; and the habitation of his holiness is often taken for the sanctuary or the Temple; but in other places, when the same words are repeated, heaven is also meant by the habitation of his holiness. There is yet nothing unsuitable, if we say that the Prophet here refers to the Temple, and that he thus refers to it, that he might raise upwards the minds of the Jews, who had their thoughts fixed on the visible Temple: nay, this seems to be required by the context. They indeed foolishly thought that God was bound to them, because it had been said,
“
Here is my rest for ever; here will my name and power dwell.” (Psa 132:14)
They strangely thought that there was no God but he who was inclosed in that visible and external sanctuary. Hence was that pride which Isaiah reproves and severely condemns when he says,
“
Where is the place for my rest? the heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool; what place then will you build for me?” (Isa 66:1.)
The Prophet there does not merely speak, as many think, against superstition; but he rather beats down that foolish arrogance, because the people thought that God could never be separated from the material Temple. And yet it was not for nothing that the Temple had the name of being the royal throne of God, provided vices were removed. So now the Prophet, though he exalts God above the heavens, yet alludes to the visible sanctuary, when he says, “Roar shall Jehovah from on high, and from the habitation of his holiness shall he send forth his voice;” that is, though the Gentiles think that God sits and rests in a corner, yet his throne is in heaven: that he has chosen for himself a terrestrial habitation, is no reason why the government of the whole earth should not be in his hands; and therefore he manifests proofs of his vengeance towards all nations; but for the sake of his Church he will go forth as it were from his Temple: and he repeats again, Roaring he shall roar on his dwelling, or habitation. (150) Jerome usually renders the last word ornament, beauty; and yet this passage sufficiently proves that it cannot mean any other thing than habitation, as well as many other passages.
He afterwards proceeds to another comparison, He will respond a shout, as those who tread the wine-press against all the inhabitants of the earth This repetition and variety confirm what I have said, — that God hyperbolically set forth the vehemence of his voice in order to fill with terror the secure and the torpid. And the Prophet seems here to intimate, that though there would be none to cheer, yet God’s voice would be sufficiently powerful. For they who tread the wine-press mutually encourage one another by shouting; one calls on another, and thus they rouse themselves to diligence. There is also a mutual concord among sailors, when they give their shouts, as well as among the workmen who tread the grapes in the wine-press. But though God would have no one to rouse him, yet he himself would be sufficient; he will respond a shout (151) The Prophet might have used another word; but he says, he will respond — to whom? even to himself; that is, though all united to extinguish God’s vengeance, yet he will come forth a conqueror, nor will he have any need of help. It then follows, —
(150) Or “against his habitation,” or “resting-place,” as rendered by Blayney; “his place,” is the Sept.; and ““his habitation,” is the Syr. The Vulg. is Jerome’s version. — Ed.
(151) This verse seems to refer only to the Jews, and the following to the nations, as to their doom. God is represented in the latter part of this verse as responding to the shout of all the nations against his own people, —
Roaring he will roar against his own habitation; A shout like that of treaders of grapes Will he respond to all the inhabitants of the earth.
This rendering prevents the necessity of giving an unusual meaning to אל, as it is commonly done. Coccius takes this view of the passage. — Ed
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
D. Judgment on the World Jer. 25:30-38
TRANSLATION
(30) But as for you, prophesy unto them all these words, and say unto them, The LORD from on high will roar, and from His holy habitation He will give forth His voice; He will mightily roar against His pasture. He will give forth a shout like those who tread grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth. A noise will come unto the ends of the earth, for the LORD has a controversy with the nations. He is about to judge all flesh; the wicked He shall give to the sword (oracle of the LORD). (32) Thus says the LORD of hosts: Disaster proceeds from nation to nation, and a tempest is being stirred up from the farthest bounds of the earth. (33) Those slain by the LORD in that day shall be from one end of the earth to the other. They shall not be lamented, gathered, or buried; they shall be dung on the face of the ground. (34) Howl, O shepherds! Cry out! Wallow, O lords of the flock! For the days of your slaughter and dispersions have been filled up, and you shall fall like a precious vessel. (35) Flight shall perish from the shepherds, and escape from the lords of the flock. (36) A sound! The cry of shepherds, the howl of the lords of the flock! For the LORD is destroying their pastures. (37) The peaceful folds are brought to silence because of the fierce wrath of the LORD. (38) He has left His covert as the lion; for their land has become an astonishment because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because of His fierce anger.
COMMENTS
Jer. 25:30-38 contain a poetic description of the world-wide judgment of the Lord. In the first two verses of this section the prophet presents four pictures of the Lord in the act of executing judgment upon the wicked. (1) Like a lion about to pounce upon the prey the God of holiness roars from His heavenly habitation against His pasture or sheepfold. The tender Shepherd of Israel has turned into a roaring lion because of the wickedness of His people. (2) As those who tread the grapes shout while they press the grapes, so the Lord will raise the victorious shout as the wicked of the earth fall beneath His feet. (3) As a prosecutor reads his indictment against the accused, so the Lord enters into a controversy i.e., a court case, with the nations of the world. (4) He not only prosecutes the nations but He also pronounces judgment against them. It is as righteous judge pronouncing sentence against the guilty that God decrees desolation and war for the whole earth. The noise in Jer. 25:31 refers to the tumult of warfare.
God will raise up against the nations of the world a tempest or whirlwind from the uttermost parts of the earth. In Jer. 6:22 the phrase uttermost part of the earth refers to the north country and therefore it is obvious that the prophet has in mind Babylon. This whirlwind of divine wrath will sweep from nation to nation (Jer. 25:32). Those slain by this agent of God will fill the earth. So many will die that customary funeral rites will have to be abandoned. Unburied and unlamented corpses will lie upon the face of the earth. (Jer. 25:33). Neither shepherds (rulers) nor lords of the flock (rich and influential people) will escape. Their days of slaughtering other nations, deporting and scattering captive peoples, are ended. The nations of the world in all their glory shall fall and be broken like a precious vessel which has fallen to the ground (Jer. 25:34). Sometimes high ranking officials escape the fate of the common people in times of warfare. But from the divine judgment coming upon the world there will be no escape for anyone (Jer. 25:35). The proud and pompous world leaders will howl in agony and cry out in distress as they see their pasture, the land which they rule, devastated (Jer. 25:36). The peaceful pastoral regions (peaceful folds) will be reduced to silence because neither man nor flock will be there any more. Their land has become an appalling waste because the lion, the Lord of hosts, has left His lair.[231] God has become a fierce destroyer to the peoples of the earth.
[231] An alternative interpretation: The Lord forsakes His desolate land just as a young lion forsakes his lair when it has been destroyed.
Fuente: College Press Bible Study Textbook Series
(30) He shall mightily roar upon his habitation.The use of the same English word for two Hebrew words of very different meaning is here singularly infelicitous. The first habitation is the dwelling-place of Jehovah, from which the thunders of His wrath are heard. The second is the pasture or dwelling-place of the flock and its shepherds, as in Jer. 6:2; Jer. 10:25; Psa. 79:7, upon whom the storm falls. Possibly, under its association with this new word, the roaring becomes to the prophets mind as that of the lion which attacks the flock. The same bold imagery for the Divine judgments meets us in Joe. 3:16; Amo. 1:2; Amo. 3:8.
A shout, as they that tread the grapes.The image is reproduced from Isa. 63:3. The shout of those who tread the wine-press, crushing the grapes beneath their feet (Isa. 16:10), is as the victorious war-cry of the Lord of Hosts, working through human conquerors, and crushing the nations of the earth in His avenging wrath.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
THE JUDGMENT ON THE WORLD, Jer 25:30-38.
30. The Lord shall roar As a lion furious for his prey, (see Joe 3:16; Amo 1:2,) before whom sheep and shepherds (Jer 25:34-36) fall helplessly on the ground in consternation and despair.
They that tread the grapes Who raise the vintage-shout, keeping time, as was the custom, by the alternate raising and pushing down of the feet.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
YHWH Will Roar From Heaven And The Earth Will Face Its Judgment ( Jer 25:30-38 ).
What is coming on the world is pictured in terms of ‘universal’ catastrophe, as so often in the prophets. The idea is that the world will be turned upside down. But the nations described, and the context of the prophecy, make clear that this is not intended as eschatological but as practical. It was the world of Jeremiah’s own day that was to be affected. On the other hand it can also be seen as a reminder that man’s sinfulness is always such that it can only bring on him God’s future judgment from which none will be excluded. In that sense therefore it can be seen as eschatological. It is a principle of creation. ‘The soul who sins will die’. The significance of eschatological judgment lies in the fact that the hope of mankind is not be placed in the expectation of the world getting better, but awaits the coming of a Deliverer Who will restore all things, especially the hearts of men.
Jer 25:30
“Therefore prophesy you against them all these words, and say to them,
‘YHWH will roar from on high,
And utter his voice from his holy habitation,
He will mightily roar against his pasture,
He will give a shout, as those who tread (the grapes),
Against all the inhabitants of the earth.’ ”
The initial picture is of YHWH roaring from ‘on High’ and speaking from His holy habitation, which in parallel with ‘on High’ must indicate Heaven. God is acting from above. The roaring is that of the Divine Lion as He comes to His pasture, here seen as the whole world, in order to attack the shepherds and seize the sheep (Jer 25:34-36). For such roaring we can compare Joe 3:16; Amo 1:2. And like ‘the treaders’ He will cry out in enthusiastic vigour as He treads the grapes (compare Jer 48:33; Jer 16:9-10). The treading of grapes represents His bringing judgment on the people, compare Isa 63:2-6; Rev 14:14-15. And this will ‘on all the inhabitants of the (known) earth’. The whole area will be in turmoil.
Jer 25:31
“A noise will come even to the end of the earth,
For YHWH has a controversy with the nations,
He will enter into judgment with all flesh.
As for the wicked, he will give them to the sword,
The word of YHWH.”
The noise is the noise of approaching armies (Jer 4:29; Jer 11:16; Jer 47:3; Jer 50:46) and it comes from distant places, because YHWH is, as it were, bringing the nations to court to face up to His charges and there He will enter into judgment with all flesh, and will give the wicked to the sword. And this is the sure word of YHWH.
Jer 25:32-33
“Thus says YHWH of hosts,
Behold, evil will go forth from nation to nation,
And a great tempest will be raised up from the uttermost parts of the earth.
And the slain of YHWH will be at that day
From one end of the earth even to the other end of the earth.
They will not be lamented, nor gathered, nor buried.
They will be dung on the face of the ground.”
The local judgment is seen in terms of the eschatological judgment, for the one merges into the other. Nation after nation will experience ‘evil’ from YHWH as the enemy armies arrive, and those armies will be like a great tempest raised up from the furthest points on earth (as known at that time). And those who are slaughtered in battle or as a result of invading armies will in fact be ‘the slain of YHWH’ for it is He Who is bringing their judgment on them. The slaughter will be so great that there will be none left to lament, none left to gather the bodies, none left to bury the dead (compare Jer 8:2; Jer 16:4; Eze 39:12). They will simply lie like pats of cow dung on the face of the ground.
Jer 25:34-35
“Wail, you shepherds, and cry,
And wallow (in ashes), you principal of the flock,
For the days of your slaughter and of your scatterings are fully come,
And you will fall like a fine vessel.
And the shepherds will have no way to flee,
Nor the principal of the flock to escape.”
The picture turns back to the Divine Lion as He attacks the shepherds responsible for the flocks (the shepherds who have devastated His people – Jer 12:10-11). The shepherds (rulers of the nations) are to wail and cry, and the king is to wallow in ashes in grief, because the day of slaughter has come on them and on the flock, and the day when they will be scattered has come. They will ‘fall like a fine, ornamental vessel’. We should compare here how Jehoiachin was seen as a broken vessel (Jer 22:18) while Judah itself was also depicted in those terms, being broken in the Valley of Slaughter (Jer 19:10). Nor will there be anywhere for the shepherds to flee, nor for their leader to escape. Death will be a certainty for all.
The alternative ‘choice rams’ instead of ‘fine vessel’ is not strictly correct as the word means ‘lambs’. In view of the relevance of a broken vessel to the wider context it is preferable to retain it.
Jer 25:36-38
‘A voice of the cry of the shepherds,
And the wailing of the principal of the flock!
For YHWH lays waste their pasture,
And the peaceable folds are brought to silence,
Because of the fierce anger of YHWH.’
He has left his covert, as the lion,
For their land is become an astonishment,
Because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword,
And because of his fierce anger.’
The cries and wailings of the rulers of the nations will be everywhere as YHWH the Divine Lion lays waste their pasture, slaughtering the sheep, resulting in an eerie silence from the folds which had previously been so at peace. And it would be because of the severe anger of YHWH. For like a lion on the hunt for prey He has left His covert, and by means of foreign armies is turning their lands into spectacles which astonish all who see them (compare Jer 18:16), as a result of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, a consequence of the fierce anger of YHWH. The picture is of total war.
And so this Section in which the sins of Judah have been underlined and openly declared, and the certainty of judgment has been revealed, ends in a picture of universal catastrophe. Compare Jer 4:23-28. Such is the consequence of rebellion against God.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
The Judgment upon the World
v. 30. Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, v. 31. A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth, v. 32. Thus saith the Lord of hosts, v. 33. And the slain of the Lord, v. 34. Howl, ye shepherds, v. 35. And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, v. 36. A voice of the cry of the shepherds and an howling of the principal of the flock shall be heard; for the Lord hath spoiled their pasture, v. 37. And the peaceable habitations are cut down because of the fierce anger of the Lord, v. 38. He hath forsaken His covert as the lion,
Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann
Jer 25:30. The Lord shall roar from on high The metaphor in the first part of the verse is taken from a lion roaring over his prey, (see Jer 25:38.) and in the latter from the triumphant shouts of the treaders of the grapes. The meaning is, that he should pronounce and execute a terrible judgment upon the temple, the place that he had chosen for his habitation.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Jer 25:30 Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them, The LORD shall roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; he shall give a shout, as they that tread [the grapes], against all the inhabitants of the earth.
Ver. 30. The Lord shall roar from on high. ] As a lusty lion, having discovered his prey, runneth upon it, roaring so horribly that he astonisheth the creatures and sets them at a stand.
He will mightily roar upon his habitation.
He shall give a shout, as those that tread the grapes.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: Jer 25:30-31
30Therefore you shall prophesy against them all these words, and you shall say to them,
‘The LORD will roar from on high
And utter His voice from His holy habitation;
He will roar mightily against His fold.
He will shout like those who tread the grapes,
Against all the inhabitants of the earth.
31’A clamor has come to the end of the earth,
Because the LORD has a controversy with the nations.
He is entering into judgment with all flesh;
As for the wicked, He has given them to the sword,’ declares the LORD.
Jer 25:30-31 This strophe characterizes YHWH and His purposes. He wanted to bless mankind but they would not, so judgment came on all (hyperbole). Notice the one true God judges (cf. Jer 25:38)
1. His own flock, Jer 25:30, line 4
2. the world (i.e., the nations, all flesh), Jer 25:31
Jer 25:30 roar The metaphor of YHWH’s judgment changes in Jer 25:30-38 to YHWH as a lion.
Roar is the INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE and IMPERFECT VERB from the same root (BDB 980, KB 1367) for intensity. For this same imagery see Joe 2:11 and Amo 1:2.
Fuente: You Can Understand the Bible: Study Guide Commentary Series by Bob Utley
roar. Compare Jer 25:38, “as a lion”.
holy. See Exo 3:5.
upon His habitation = against His fold.
the grapes = the winepress. Compare Isa 63:1-6.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Jer 25:30-38
Jer 25:30-31
Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them, Jehovah will roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he will mightily roar against his fold; he will give a shout, as they that tread [the grapes], against all the inhabitants of the earth. A noise shall come even to the end of the earth; for Jehovah hath a controversy with the nations; he will enter into judgment with all flesh: as for the wicked, he will give them to the sword, saith Jehovah.
Notice how repeatedly the message is emphasized: (1) that all nations shall suffer judgment and destruction; (2) that death shall overtake the wicked; and (3) that there shall be no national exceptions to God’s wrath.
Jer 25:32-38
Thus saith Jehovah of hosts, Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great tempest shall be raised up from the uttermost parts of the earth. And the slain of Jehovah shall be at that day from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth: they shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung upon the face of the ground. Wail, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow [in ashes], ye principal of the flock; for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are fully come, and ye shall fall like a goodly vessel. And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the principal of the flock to escape. A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and the wailing of the principal of the flock! for Jehovah layeth waste their pasture. And the peaceable folds are brought to silence because of the fierce anger of Jehovah. He hath left his covert, as the lion; for their land is become an astonishment because of the fierceness of the oppressing [sword], and because of his fierce anger.
This graphic description has a double application, referring at once to the forthcoming destruction of the Old Israel and remotely to the Eternal Judgment of the Last Day. Some of the radical critics prefer to assign this passage to some other author than to Jeremiah, but, as Feinberg stated, “Such a denial of Jeremiah’s authorship is based, not upon any evidence at all, but the subjective opinions of certain critics.” “The prophecy is certainly not later than the mid-sixth century B.C., and we may credit it to Jeremiah.”
Judgment on the World Jer 25:30-38
Jer 25:30-38 contain a poetic description of the world-wide judgment of the Lord. In the first two verses of this section the prophet presents four pictures of the Lord in the act of executing judgment upon the wicked. (1) Like a lion about to pounce upon the prey the God of holiness roars from His heavenly habitation against His pasture or sheepfold. The tender Shepherd of Israel has turned into a roaring lion because of the wickedness of His people. (2) As those who tread the grapes shout while they press the grapes, so the Lord will raise the victorious shout as the wicked of the earth fall beneath His feet. (3) As a prosecutor reads his indictment against the accused, so the Lord enters into a controversy i.e., a court case, with the nations of the world. (4) He not only prosecutes the nations but He also pronounces judgment against them. It is as righteous judge pronouncing sentence against the guilty that God decrees desolation and war for the whole earth. The noise in Jer 25:31 refers to the tumult of warfare.
God will raise up against the nations of the world a tempest or whirlwind from the uttermost parts of the earth. In Jer 6:22 the phrase uttermost part of the earth refers to the north country and therefore it is obvious that the prophet has in mind Babylon. This whirlwind of divine wrath will sweep from nation to nation (Jer 25:32). Those slain by this agent of God will fill the earth. So many will die that customary funeral rites will have to be abandoned. Unburied and unlamented corpses will lie upon the face of the earth. (Jer 25:33). Neither shepherds (rulers) nor lords of the flock (rich and influential people) will escape. Their days of slaughtering other nations, deporting and scattering captive peoples, are ended. The nations of the world in all their glory shall fall and be broken like a precious vessel which has fallen to the ground (Jer 25:34). Sometimes high ranking officials escape the fate of the common people in times of warfare. But from the divine judgment coming upon the world there will be no escape for anyone (Jer 25:35). The proud and pompous world leaders will howl in agony and cry out in distress as they see their pasture, the land which they rule, devastated (Jer 25:36). The peaceful pastoral regions (peaceful folds) will be reduced to silence because neither man nor flock will be there any more. Their land has become an appalling waste because the lion, the Lord of hosts, has left His lair. An alternative interpretation: The Lord forsakes His desolate land just as a young lion forsakes his lair when it has been destroyed. God has become a fierce destroyer to the peoples of the earth.
Seventy Years of Captivity – Jer 25:1-38
Open It
1. What are your thoughts whenever you meet someone with a “holier-than-thou” attitude?
2. What are five situations that, in your opinion, must make God very angry?
Explore It
3. When did Jeremiahs next message fall in relation to the kings of Judah and Babylon? (Jer 25:1)
4. How long had Jeremiah been speaking the word of God to the people of Judah and Jerusalem? (Jer 25:2-3)
5. How did the people of Judah respond to Gods servants? (Jer 25:4)
6. What was the message of the prophets? (Jer 25:5-6)
7. How did the people bring Gods judgment on themselves? (Jer 25:7)
8. Whom did God specify as His instrument of judgment, and how long would Judah remain in captivity? (Jer 25:8-11)
9. How would Babylon eventually pay for her guilt before God? (Jer 25:12-14)
10. What was the cup that God ordered Jeremiah to deliver to many nations? (Jer 25:15-16)
11. What nations were named in Jeremiahs prophecy as being in line to be judged by God? (Jer 25:17-26)
12. What was Gods answer to any nation that refused the cup from Jeremiah? (Jer 25:27-29)
13. What images did Jeremiah use to convey the coming of Gods great wrath? (Jer 25:30-31)
14. How did Jeremiah describe the magnitude of the destruction he foresaw? (Jer 25:32-33)
15. What would become of all the leaders who did not fear God? (Jer 25:34-38)
Get It
16. Why did it anger God that the people worshiped things they had created?
17. What could the people of Judah have done to avert Gods punishment?
18. Why was it significant that Jeremiahs prophecy of judgment included the most powerful nations on earth?
19. Why did God refer to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, as his servant?
20. How bad do conditions have to be in order to prevent people from burying and mourning their dead?
21. What was God saying about the supposed “exemption” of the leaders when He used many of the same words to describe their plight as He had used with the sheep?
22. In what ways do people who love and serve God need to acknowledge their own inherent sinfulness?
Apply It
23. How can you avoid making gods out of your own accomplishments?
24. How can you avoid becoming complacent about your own sinfulness and need for God?
Questions On Jeremiah Chapter Twenty-Five
By Brent Kercheville
1 What is Gods frst declaration (Jer 25:1-7)?
2 What will God do because of the peoples disobedience (Jer 25:8-14)? When will the punishment end?
3 What is the good news of Gods message (Jer 25:15-26)?
4 What is the bad news to Israel of Gods message (Jer 25:27-29)?
5 Why must the people drink from the cup?
6 What is Gods message in Jer 25:30-33?
7 What is the message to the shepherds (Jer 25:34-38)? Who are the shepherds?
TRANSFORMATION:
How does this relationship change your relationship with God?
What did you learn about him?
What will you do differently in your life?
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
roar: Isa 42:13, Hos 5:14, Hos 13:7, Hos 13:8, Joe 2:11-13, Joe 3:16, Amo 1:2, Amo 3:8
his holy: Jer 17:12, Deu 26:15, 1Ki 9:3, 2Ch 30:27, Psa 11:4, Psa 58:5, Psa 132:14, Zec 2:13
give: Jer 48:33, Psa 78:65, Isa 16:9, Rev 14:18-20, Rev 19:15
Reciprocal: Jdg 9:27 – merry Isa 20:1 – and took Jer 2:15 – young lions Hos 11:10 – he shall roar like Rev 10:3 – loud Rev 18:2 – cried
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Jer 25:30. The Lord is continuing his instructions to the prophet and urging him to prophesy to the nations. He is to warn them of the vigor with which God was going to express himself from his throne. Shout as they that tread the grapes is just an illustration of the intensity of God’s voice drawn from a custom connected with wine making. Smith’s Bible Dictionary gives a description of that activity and among other things it says: The treading’ was effected by one or more men, according to the size of the vat. They encouraged one another by shouts.”
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Jer 25:30-33. The Lord shall roar from on high Shall manifest his anger from heaven. God speaks by his judgments, and those, when they are very terrible, may be fitly compared to the roaring of a lion, which strikes a consternation into those that hear it. He shall mightily roar upon his habitation He shall pronounce and execute a terrible judgment upon his temple, the place on earth which he hath chosen for his residence: see 1Ki 8:29. He shall give a shout as they that tread the grapes That is, He shall utter his voice before his army, as Joel expresses it, Joe 2:11. Like a leader or general, he shall encourage them to give the onset upon their enemies, which is usually performed with a shout, as great as that which the treaders of grapes use at the time of the vintage. A noise shall come to the ends of the earth The report of these calamities and confusions shall reach the most distant countries. For the Lord hath a controversy with the nations God enters into judgment with men for their impieties, as being so many injuries to his honour, for which he demands satisfaction, Hos 4:1; Mic 6:2. He will plead with all flesh Namely, with fire and sword, as Isaiah expresses it, Isa 66:16. He will give the wicked to the sword His quarrel with men is for their wickedness, for their contempt of him, of his authority over them, and kindness to them. They have provoked him to anger, and thence comes all this destruction. Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation As the cup of Gods wrath goes round, every nation shall have its share, and take its turn, because one doth not take warning, by the calamities of another, to repent and reform. A great whirlwind shall be raised up, &c. The Chaldean army shall come like a hurricane, raised in the north, and thence carried forward with incredible fierceness and swiftness, bearing down all before it. Gods vengeance is often compared to a whirlwind, and is here said to come from the coasts, or sides of the earth, because Chaldea was, at that time, thought to be one of the most remote regions. And the slain of the Lord, &c. Multitudes shall fall by the sword of the merciless Chaldeans, so that the dead shall be everywhere found, here termed, the slain of the Lord, because slain by commission from him, and sacrificed to his justice. They shall not be lamented They shall fall in such great numbers that the usual funeral rites and lamentations shall not be paid them, and many of them will lie unburied.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Universal judgment to come 25:30-38
Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)
Jeremiah was also to announce that God would prepare to judge all the inhabitants of the earth (Jer 25:29). As a lion announces its intent to attack with a roar, so Yahweh would one day announce His attack on earth-dwellers (cf. Revelation 6). [Note: A less likely interpretation, I think, is that the roar is thunder, the metaphorical voice of God.] He would vigorously tread the nations in the winepress of His wrath (cf. Rev 14:18-20; Rev 16:14-16). This anticipates the Tribulation judgments (Revelation 6-18).