Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Jeremiah 41:5
That there came certain from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, [even] fourscore men, having their beards shaven, and their clothes rent, and having cut themselves, with offerings and incense in their hand, to bring [them] to the house of the LORD.
5. from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria ] These three towns were in Ephraim, and thus the pilgrims were descendants of members of the Northern kingdom. Cp. the contributions given by Manassites, etc., in Josiah’s time for the repairs of the Temple (2Ch 34:9). Shechem, now Nblus, is beautifully situated in a valley between the mountains Gerizim and Ebal. For Shiloh see on ch. Jer 7:12.
having their beards shaven and their clothes rent ] in sign of mourning for the destruction of the Temple.
having cut themselves ] though prohibited by the Deuteronomic law. See on ch. Jer 16:6.
oblations ] For reading in mg. see on Jer 17:26. Animal sacrifices could no longer be offered at the ruined Temple (Deu 12:13-18), but it was still open to them to bring other offerings to the site, and this they were about to do.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
These three towns all lay in the tribe of Ephraim, and in the district planted by Salmaneser with Cuthites; but through the fact of these men having cut themselves (see Jer 16:6 note), is suspicious, yet they were probably pious Israelites, going up to Jerusalem, carrying the meat offering usual at the feast of tabernacles, of which this was the season, and mourning over the destruction, not of the city, but of the temple, to the repairs of which we find the members of this tribe contributing in Josiahs time 2Ch 34:9.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 5. Having their beards shaven] All these were signs of deep mourning, probably on account of the destruction of the city.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Samaria was the name both of a city and a province; Shechem was a city within that province, within the limits of the tribe of Ephraim, Jos 20:7. These places were now inhabited by a mixed people, partly Jews, partly such as the king of Assyria had upon his conquest of the ten tribes brought to inhabit there. From thence came eighty men, who possibly had not heard of the temple being burnt, at least when they came out; or if they had heard of it, yet thought, hearing some Jews were left, that they might have erected some altar for sacrifices; or it may be they brought no beasts, for the text speaks only of incense and offerings; they came with all indications of mourning used in those countries, shaven beards, clothes rent, and having cut themselves in a barbarous fashion used by the heathens, and forbidden the Jews, but yet practised by many of them.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
5. beards shaven, c.indicatingtheir deep sorrow at the destruction of the temple and city.
cut themselvesaheathen custom, forbidden (Lev 19:27Lev 19:28; Deu 14:1).These men were mostly from Samaria, where the ten tribes, previous totheir deportation, had fallen into heathen practices.
offeringsunbloody.They do not bring sacrificial victims, but “incense,” &c.,to testify their piety.
house of . . . Lordthatis, the place where the house of the Lord had stood (2Ki25:9). The place in which a temple had stood, even when it hadbeen destroyed, was held sacred [PAPINIAN].Those “from Shiloh” would naturally seek the house of theLord, since it was at Shiloh it originally was set up (Jos18:1).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
That there came certain from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria,…. Places in the ten tribes, and which belonged to the kingdom of Israel; so that it seems even at this distance of time, though the body of the ten tribes had been many years ago carried captive, yet there were still some religious persons sons remaining, and who had a great regard to the temple worship at Jerusalem:
[even] fourscore men, having their beards shaven, and their clothes rent, and having cut themselves; as mourners for the destruction of Jerusalem, and the captivity of the people. The two first of these rites, shaving the beard, and rending of clothes, were agreeably to the law; but that of cutting themselves, their flesh with their nails, or knives, was forbidden by it, Le 19:28; so that these people seemed to have retained some of the Heathenish customs of the places where they lived; for the king of Assyria had placed colonies of Heathens in Samaria, and the cities of it, 2Ki 17:24; these came
with offerings and incense in their hands: a meat offering made of fine flour, as the word signifies; and incense, or frankincense, which used to be put upon such an offering, Le 2:1;
to bring [them] to the house of the Lord; but the temple was now destroyed; wherefore either they thought there was a tabernacle or sanctuary erected at Mizpah for divine service and sacrifice; or they intended to offer these offerings on the spot where the temple of Jerusalem stood; and where they hoped to find an altar, if only of earth, and priests to sacrifice; though the Jewish commentators, Jarchi and Kimchi, observe, that when they first set out, they had not heard of the destruction of the temple, but heard of it in the way; and therefore came in a mourning habit; but before knew nothing of it; and therefore brought offerings with them, according to the former; but, according to the latter, they had heard before they set out of the destruction of Jerusalem, and the captivity of the people; but not of the burning of the temple, until they were on their journey.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
The Prophet skews here, that after Ishmael had polluted his hands, he made no end of his barbarity. And thus wicked men become hardened; for even if they dread at first to murder innocent men, when once they begin the work, they rush on to the commission of numberless murders. This is what the Prophet now tells us had happened; for after Gedaliah was killed, he says, that eighty men came from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, who brought incense and offering, to present them in the Temple, and that these were led by treachery to Mizpah, there killed and cast into a pit, as we shall hereafter see.
It is not known by what cause Ishmael was induced to commit this cruel and barbarous act, for there was no war declared, nor could he have pretended any excuse for thus slaying unhappy men, who apprehended no such thing. They were of the seed of Abraham, they were worshippers of God, and then they had committed no offense, and plotted nothing against him. Why then he was seized with such rage is uncertain, except that wicked men, as we have said, never set any bounds to their crimes; for God gives theta the spirit of giddiness, so that they are carried away by blind madness. It is, indeed, probable, that they were killed, because Ishmael thought that they carne to Gedaliah, that they might live under his protection, and that he could not have gained anything by the murder of one man, except he obtained authority over the whole land. It was then suspicion alone, and that indeed slight, which led him to such a cruelty. And the atrocity of the deed was enhanced by what the Prophet says, that they came to offer to God incense and offering, מנחה , meneche: and he says also, that they had their beards shaven, and their garments torn Such an appearance ought to have roused pity even in the most inveterate enemies; for we know, that there is an innate feeling which leads us to pity wretchedness and tears, and every mournful appearance. The fury then of Ishmael, even if he had before determined to do some grievous thing to these men, ought to have been allayed by their very sight, so as not to be even angry with them. According then to every view of the case, we see that he must have been divested of every sense of equity, and that he was more cruel than any wild beast.
But it may be asked, How did these men come for the purpose mentioned, since the report respecting the destruction of the Temple must have spread everywhere? for they are not said to have come from Persia, or from countries beyond the sea; but that they came from places not afar off. They who answer that the report of the Temple being destroyed had not reached them, only seek to escape, but the answer is not credible, and it is only an evasion. The Temple was burnt in the fifth month; could that calamity be unknown in Judea? And then we know that Shiloh was not far from Jerusalem, nor was Samaria very distant. Since then the distance of these places cannot account for their ignorance, it seems not to me probable, that these came, because they thought that the Temple was still standing, nor did they bring victims, but only incense and oblation. I then think that they came, not to offer the ordinary sacrifice, but only that they might testify their piety in that place where they had before offered their sacrifices. This conjecture has nothing inconsistent in it; nor is there a doubt, but that before they left their homes, they had put on their mean and torn garments. These were signs, as we have elsewhere seen, of sorrow and mourning among the Orientals.
But here another question is raised, for the Prophet says, that they were torn or cut; and this has been deemed as referring to the skin or body: but this was forbidden by the Law. Some answer that they forgot the Law in their extreme grief, so that they undesignedly tore or lacerated their bodies. But the prohibition of the Law seems to me to have had something special in it, even that God designed by it to distinguish his people from heathens. And we may gather from sacred history, that some artifice was practiced by idolaters, when they cut their bodies; for it is said, that the priests of Baal cut their bodies according to their usual manner or practice. God then, wishing to keep his people from every corruption, forbade them to imitate the rites of the heathens. And then there is no doubt but that God designed to correct excess in grief and mourning. I therefore do not think that anything contrary to the Law was done by these men, when they came to the ruins of the Temple with torn garments and lacerated skin, for there was in them nothing affected, for so lamentable a calamity drew forth such grief, that they spared neither themselves nor their garments.
Jeremiah says, in the first of these verses, that the death of Gedaliah was concealed, so that no one knew it; yet such a deed could have been hardly buried; for many of the Jews were killed together with Gedaliah, and also the guarding soldiers, whom Nebuchadnezzar had given to Gedaliah. But the Prophet means that it was hid, because the report had not yet gone forth. He then speaks comparatively, when he says that it was known to none. We have already stated the purpose for which the eighty men came from Samaria and other places; it was not that they might offer sacrifices, as when the Temple was standing, but only lament the destruction of the Temple and of the city; and that as they had brought from home the greatest sorrow, they might, on their return, humble themselves, after having seen so grievous a punishment inflicted on the people for their sins.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(5) There came certain from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria.The LXX. gives Salem instead of Shiloh, and this agrees better with the order of the names, Salem being a tower or fortress near Shechem (Gen. 33:18), while Shiloh lay further off. The eighty travellers were coming apparently on a pilgrimage of mourning to the ruins of the Temple, perhaps to keep the Feast of Tabernacles in the hope of finding at least an altar there on which they might present their oblations. Mizpah lay directly on their road from all three places. It is significant that they bring with them not burnt offerings but the mincha, or meat offering, the cakes of flour with incense. The outward signs of mourning were, perhaps, connected either with the approaching Day of Atonement, which fell in the seventh month; or with some special fast day belonging to the same season (Zec. 7:5); or in token of their sorrow for the destruction of the Temple. In the signs themselves we note a relapse into a half-heathen custom which the Law had forbidden (Lev. 19:27; Deu. 14:1; Jer. 48:37).
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
5. Shechem, Shiloh, and Samaria These places are not named in topographical order. The reason does not appear. It may be on account of rhythm, or it may be that most of the men came from Shechem, and that the other two places are simply mentioned as incidentally connected with the affair.
Cut themselves This practice was strictly forbidden by the law, (Lev 19:28; Lev 21:5; Deu 14:1,) and yet seems to have remained in common use. (Jer 7:29; Isa 22:12; Eze 7:18, etc.) These signs of grief had reference to the calamity which had befallen Jerusalem.
Offerings and incense Notwithstanding their violating Jewish law as above, there can be little doubt that they were Jews. Possibly in the region of Samaria. from which they came, heathen practices had been fallen into to an unusual extent.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Jer 41:5. Having their beards shaven, &c. These were tokens of great mourning, by which they expressed their grief for the destruction of their city and temple: such expressions of sorrow were forbidden to be used at funeral obsequies (see Lev 19:27-28.), but might be lawfully used upon other mournful occasions. See Isa 15:2. Some suppose, that these devout persons brought their oblations to the place where the altar formerly stood, which they looked upon as consecrated ground; a custom which they think countenanced by the words of Baruch, ch. Jer 1:10 where the exiles of Babylon are supposed to send money to buy offerings for the altar of the Lord, after Jerusalem was taken and burnt. Compare Jer 41:2. Others understand the house of the Lord, of an altar or place of worship erected by Gedaliah at Mizpah, in imitation of that which was formerly set up there by Samuel, 1Sa 7:7-9 which place continued to be a proseucha or place of worship in after-times, as appears from 1Ma 3:46. There were many such sanctuaries or places of worship both in Judaea and elsewhere among the Jewish dispersions. See Lowth and Calmet. Ishmael went weeping along with them, as if he sympathised in their affliction, Jer 41:6. He appears to have been a thorough-paced hypocrite.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Jer 41:5 That there came certain from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, [even] fourscore men, having their beards shaven, and their clothes rent, and having cut themselves, with offerings and incense in their hand, to bring [them] to the house of the LORD.
Ver. 5. That there came certain from Shechem and from Shiloh. ] Innocent men, qui ne verbulo quidem immanem bestiam offenderant, who had not so much as by the least word offended this brutish, butcherly man; but came in the simplicity of their hearts to worship God, and to wait upon Gedaliah by the way, which last seemeth to be Ishmael’s main quarrel against them. See here Ecc 9:12 . See Trapp on “ Ecc 9:12 “
Having their beards shaven, and their clothes rent, and having cut themselves.
To bring them to the house of the Lord,
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Shiloh. The last of five references to Shiloh in Jeremiah. Compare Jer 7:12, Jer 7:14; Jer 26:6, Jer 26:9.
offerings. These would be meal-offerings, according to Lev 2:1. Flesh sacrifices were now impossible. Reference to Pentateuch (Lev 2:1). Probably for the feast of the fifteenth (Lev 23:23, Lev 23:34. Num 29:12. Deu 16:13).
to the house, &c. Still recognised as the place which Jehovah had chosen.
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
came: 2Ki 10:13, 2Ki 10:14
Shechem: Gen 33:18, Gen 34:2, Jos 24:32, Jdg 9:1, 1Ki 12:1, 1Ki 12:25
Shiloh: Jer 7:12, Jer 7:14, Jos 18:1
Samaria: 1Ki 16:24, 1Ki 16:29
their beards: All these were signs of deep mourning; which, though forbidden on funeral occasions, were customary, and perhaps counted allowable, on seasons of public calamity, and this mourning was probably on account of the destruction of Jerusalem. Lev 19:27, Lev 19:28, Deu 14:1, 2Sa 10:4, Isa 15:2
to the: 1Sa 1:7, 2Ki 25:9, Psa 102:14
Reciprocal: 2Sa 19:24 – dressed his feet 1Ch 19:4 – shaved them Psa 66:15 – with the Jer 16:6 – nor cut Jer 47:5 – how Jer 48:37 – every head Mat 2:8 – that
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Jer 41:5. These men did not have animal sacrifices for the house of God and the articles of service had. been removed. But the place where they had stood was considered, especially by these men who came from the region of the 10 tribes. They could burn incense even without the temple and its furniture. Beards shaven was a custom in ancient times on occasions of grief or humility. These Jews had much cause for those feelings, having lost, their country and temple.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Jer 41:5. There came fourscore men, having their beards shaven, &c. These were tokens of great mourning, by which these persons expressed their grief for the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple. Such expressions of sorrow were forbidden to be used at funeral obsequies, Lev 19:27-28; but might be lawfully used upon other mournful occasions. With offerings and incense to bring them to the house of the Lord Some understand this as if devout persons brought their oblations to the place where the altar formerly stood, which they looked upon as consecrated ground; a custom, they think, countenanced by the words of Baruch, chap. Jer 1:10, where the exiles at Babylon are supposed to send money to buy offerings for the altar of the Lord, after that Jerusalem was taken and burned. Others by the house of the Lord understand an altar or place of worship erected by Gedaliah at Mizpah; in imitation of that which was formerly set up there by Samuel, which place continued to be a proseucha, or place of worship, in after times, as appears from 1Ma 3:46. There were many such sanctuaries or places of worship, both in Judea and elsewhere, among the Jewish dispersions. Lowth.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
41:5 That there came men from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, [even] eighty men, having their beards shaven, and their clothes torn, and having cut themselves, with {d} offerings and incense in their hand, to bring [them] to the house of the LORD.
(d) For they thought that the temple had not been destroyed and therefore came up to the feast of tabernacles but hearing of the burning of it in the way, they showed these signs of sorrow.