Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Jeremiah 49:36
And upon Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of heaven, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come.
36. Co. with considerable probability holds this v. to be the work of a supplementer, as being an interruption to the order of thought (when compared with the succeeding v.) and as suggested by Eze 5:10; Eze 5:12; Eze 12:14, and also by Eze 37:9.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
In a whirlwind violent gales seem to blow from every quarter, and whatever is exposed to their fury they scatter over the whole country. With similar violence the whole nation of Elam shall be dispersed far and wide.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 36. Will I bring the four winds] Nebuchadnezzar and his armies, gathered out of different provinces, and attacking this people at all points in the same time.
There shall be no nation, &c.] They shall be scattered through the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces of which the Babylonish empire is composed.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
The prophet threateneth the destruction of the Persians by a confederacy of enemies, suppose Babylonians, Medes, &c., which should assault them on all sides, as when the wind blows at the same time from all quarters, which causeth a whirlwind, which driveth the dust every way hither and thither, so he saith the Persians should be scattered into all nations.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
36. four winds,&c.Nebuchadnezzar’s army containing soldiers from the fourquarters.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And upon Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of heaven,…. The Targum interprets it the four kingdoms; see Da 7:2. Some think this had its accomplishment in the times of Alexander; or else after his death, in the times of his four successors; but rather in the times of Nebuchadnezzar, who should bring with him, in his army, people that dwelt in the several parts of the world, comparable to the winds for their swiftness and strength; whose blast would be so great as to drive the Elamites to every part of the world, as every light thing is by the wind:
and will scatter them towards all those winds; those four winds, east, west, north, and south:
and there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come; those that are driven out of it, forced to flee from it, or are taken captive, should come into the several nations of the world; so that there would not be any in which an Elamite was not.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
He now adds that four winds would come, which would dissipate the whole people. God himself speaks, in order that the word might be more powerful and have more weight. I will rouse up, he says, four winds And we know that the air is in a moment put in motion whenever it pleases God; and when Scripture extols the power of God, it does not without reason refer to the winds; for it is not a small miracle when the whole world is on a sudden put in motion. It is now tranquil, and then in half an hour the winds rise and conflict together in mid air. And God alludes to what is usual in nature: as then he suddenly rouses up winds which make, as it were, the whole world to shake and tremble; so he says he would raise up winds from the four ends of the world. But he speaks metaphorically; by winds he understands enemies, who would on all sides unite their powers to oppress the Elamites. I will bring, he says, on Elam the four winds from the four quarters of the world By the last words he expresses more clearly what I have just said, that God alludes to that formidable power which is daily presented to our eyes in nature. As, then, a sudden change disturbs the whole earth when winds arise, so God declares that he would rouse up four winds from the four quarters of the heavens. And he calls them the quarters of the heavens; for though the winds arise from the earth, yet their blowing is not perceived until they ascend into mid air: and though sometimes they seem to be formed above the clouds, they yet arise from the earth; for the origin of the wind is cold and dry exhalation.
We now understand the reason why the Prophet speaks of the winds. There is yet no doubt but that he denotes some enemies by the four winds; but this prophecy was not fulfilled as long as the Persian monarchy ruled and flourished. It is, then, probable that the destruction denounced by the Prophet took place many ages after, even when the soldiers of Alexander contended about the supremacy; for we know how grievously distressed were all the Orientals when Alexander made an irruption into those countries. It was, indeed, a horrible tempest. But as he enjoyed the empire of the east but for a short time, what is said by the Prophet here was not then fulfilled. But those countries were afterwards so miserable, torn by intestine wars, that the Prophet does not without reason compare those contrary and opposite movements to four winds; for never has there been a fiercer emulation between enemies, and each of them had strong armies. Hence, then, it was, that that land was not oppressed by one enemy, but exposed to various and almost innumerable calamities. This is the reason that leads me to interpret this prophecy as fulfilled in the calamities which followed the death of Alexander the Great.
I will scatter them, he says, to these four winds; that is, as one wind breaks out at one time, and another at another time, so the Elamites shall flee here and there. For no one ruled long peaceably in the East, till almost all the soldiers of Alexander were consumed by mutual slaughters. Then Seleucus obtained Syria, and exercised the cruelest tyranny. But, as I have said, before Seleucus obtained peace and security, the whole of that part of the world had been inundated with blood. This is the reason why the Prophet says that the Elamites would be scattered to these four winds
The end of the verse remains: and there shall be no nation to which some of the fugitives from Elam shall not come We cannot, certainly, show from histories when this was fulfilled which the Prophet now says; but it is probable that that people were scattered at the time when the chiefs contended about the supremacy, that is, those who obtained power under Alexander. At the same time there would be nothing unreasonable were we to say that the Prophet spoke hyperbolically; and no doubt he exceeds due limits when he says “There shall be no nation to which some of the fugitives from Elam shall not come.” He indeed understands all the neighboring nations. But it may also have been that they did not flee to the Asiatics, but rather departed towards the Persian sea or to the Indies. We have already stated why the servants of God sometimes introduced hyperbolical expressions into their teaching, even because they had to do with men who were slow and stupid, who would not hear God when speaking in a simple manner, and could hardly be moved when he thundered. It now follows —
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(36) Upon Elam will I bring the four winds . . .The words reproduce those of Jer. 49:32 as to the extent of the dispersion, but there is an added circumstance of terror in the picture of destruction. The four winds whirling round as in a cyclone are to be the instruments of destruction. The imagery of the threshing-floor seems once more brought before us, and the Elamites are as the chaff which the winds, in such a tempest, carry off in all directions.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
36. Four winds from the four quarters Truthful description of a terrific storm, which, in its destructive fury, seems to come from all quarters at once.
Outcasts of Elam A singular error has crept into the written text, consisting in substituting a vav ( ) for a yodh, ( ) so that the actual reading is outcasts of eternity. It is perfectly obvious that it is a mere mistake, and the Versions so treat it. The only value it has, however, is to illustrate the possibility of a case in which the internal evidence as to a reading may quite overbear the external; and this gives some protection to conjectural emendations in other places.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Jer 49:36. Upon Elam will I bring the four winds That is, enemies from every quarter. The Elamites before their deliverance by Cyrus were in very hard servitude, and dispersed into different countries, to avoid the evils under which they groaned in their own country.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Jer 49:36 And upon Elam will I bring the four winds from the four quarters of heaven, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come.
Ver. 36. And upon Elam will I bring the four winds, ] i.e., Great concussions, enemies on all sides, Scythians and Sarmatians especially out of the north. Calvin thinks this prophecy was fulfilled after Alexander’s death, when his captains strove most fiercely for the kingdoms of the earth which he had subdued.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
four. The number connected with the earth (App-10).
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
the four winds: Dan 7:2, Dan 7:3, Dan 8:8, Dan 8:22, Dan 11:4, Rev 7:1
scatter: Jer 49:32, Deu 28:25, Deu 28:64, Eze 5:10, Eze 5:12, Amo 9:9
the outcasts: Jer 30:17, Psa 147:2, Isa 11:12, Isa 16:3, Isa 16:4, Isa 27:13, Isa 56:8
Reciprocal: Jer 9:16 – and I Jer 51:1 – a destroying wind
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Jer 49:36. Four winds is figurative and means that the desolation to be wrought in Elam was to be general. The citizens of the country were to he scattered in every direction. That is indicated by the figure just used since it is equivalent to referring to the four points of the compass.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
God would scatter the Elamites in every direction, using military attacks from many different directions to do so (cf. Eze 37:9; Dan 8:8; Zec 6:1-8). He would destroy them in battle.
"Judging from its geographical situation, we must probably come to the conclusion that Elam fell to the lot of the Medes." [Note: Keil, 2:258.]