Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Job 3:9

Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but [have] none; neither let it see the dawning of the day:

9. the twilight thereof ] that is, the morning twilight of that night. Let its morning stars, that should herald its day, go out as the next clause explains: let it look for the light of a day that never breaks.

see the dawning of the day ] lit. behold the eyelids of the morning. This beautiful figure looks like an idea from Western poetry, just as the chamber of the Sun, Psa 19:5. All commentators quote the parallel from Sophocles, , Antigone, 103.

Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark – That is, be extinguished, so that it shall be total darkness – darkness not even relieved by a single star. The word here rendered twilight nesheph means properly a breathing; and hence, the evening, when cooling breezes blow, or gently breathe. It is used however, to denote both the morning and the evening twilight, though here probably it means the latter. He wishes that the evening of that night, instead of being in any way illuminated, should set in with total darkness and continue so. The Septuagint renders it, night.

Let it look for light, but have none – Personifying the night, and representing it as looking out anxiously for some ray of light. This is a beautiful poetic image – the image of Night, dark and gloomy and sad, anxiously looking out for a single beam or a star to break in upon its darkness and diminish its gloom.

Neither let it see the dawning of the day – Margin, more literally and more beautifully, eyelids of the morning. The word rendered dawning aphaphym means properly the eyelashes (from uph to fly), and it is given to them from their flying or fluttering. The word rendered day shachar means the aurora, the morning. The sun when he is above the horizon is called by the poets the eye of day; and hence, his earliest beams, before he is risen, are called the eyelids or eyelashes of the morning opening upon the world. This figure is common in the ancient Classics, and occurs frequently in the Arabic poets; see Schultens in loc. Thus, in Soph. Antiq. 104, the phrase occurs, Hameras blefaron. So in Miltons Lycidas,

– Ere the high lawns appeared

Under the opening eyelids of the dawn,

We drive afield.

Jobs wish was, that there might be no star in the evening twilight, and that no ray might illuminate that of the morning; that it might be enveloped in perpetual, unbroken darkness.

Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible

Verse 9. Let the stars of the twilight thereof] The stars of the twilight may here refer to the planets Venus, Jupiter, Mars, and Mercury, as well as to the brighter fixed stars.

Let it look for light] Here the prosopopoeia or personification is still carried on. The darkness is represented as waiting for the lustre of the evening star, but is disappointed; and these for the aurora or dawn, but equally in vain. He had prayed that its light, the sun, should not shine upon it, Job 3:4; and here he prays that its evening star may be totally obscured, and that it might never see the dawning of the day. Thus his execration comprehends every thing that might irradiate or enliven it.

Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible

Let the stars, which are the glory and beauty of the night, to render it amiable and delightful to men,

be covered with thick darkness, nd that both in the evening twilight, as is here expressed, when the stars begin to arise and shine forth; and also in the further progress of the night, even till the morning begins to dawn, as the following words imply.

Let it look for light, but have none; let its darkness be aggravated with the disappointment of its hopes and expectations of light. He ascribes sense or reasoning to the night, by a poetical fiction usual in all writers.

The dawning of the day, Heb. the eyelids of the day, i.e. the morningstar, which ushers in the day, and the beginning, and consequently the progress, of the morning light, and the day following. Let this whole natural day, consisting of night and day, be blotted out of the catalogue of days, as he wished before.

Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole

9. dawning of the dayliterally,”eyelashes of morning.” The Arab poets call the sun the eyeof day. His early rays, therefore, breaking forth before sunrise, arethe opening eyelids or eyelashes of morning.

Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark,…. Either of the morning or evening twilight; both may be meant, rather the latter, because of the following clause; the sense is, let not these appear to adorn the heavens, and to relieve the darkness of the night, and make it more pleasant and delightful, as well as to be useful to travellers and sailors:

let it look for light, but [have] none; that is, either for the light of the moon and stars, to shine in the night till daybreak, or for the light of the sun at the time when it arises; but let it have neither; let the whole time, from sun setting to sunrising, from one twilight to another, be one continued gross and horrible darkness; here, by a strong and beautiful figure, looking is ascribed to the night:

neither let it see the dawning of the day; or, “let it not see the eyelids of the morning” l, or what we call “peep of day”; here, in very elegant language, the dawn of morning light is expressed, which is like the opening of an eye and its lids, quick and vibrating, when light is let in and perceived; or this may be interpreted of the sun, the eye of the morning and of light, and of its rays, which, when first darted, are like the opening of the eyelids.

l “palpebras aurorae”, Montanus, Mercerus, &c.

Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible

(9) The dawning . . .Literally, the eyelids of the dawn.

Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)

9. The dawning of the day Literally, Let it not see the eyelashes of the dawn; that is, the first rays of the sun. Sophocles speaks of the eyelid of the golden day. ( Antig., 103.) The Arab poets call the sun the eye of the day. In his early struggling rays their imagination traces eyebrows for the approaching sun. “Like the sun, before whose face the mantle of clouds is spread, while through the rifts his eyebrows appear.” But this and other citations, made by Schultens from the Arab muse, pale before the striking and tender beauty of our text. Milton has evidently borrowed from it

“Ere the high lawns appeared

Under the opening eyelids of the dawn

We drove afield.” Lycidas, 50. 26.

Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 3:9 Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but [have] none; neither let it see the dawning of the day:

Ver. 9. Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark ] If the stars of its twilight be dark, how great is that darkness! Job would not have this night to have light of stars, or hope of day’s dawn, hope of better, or place of worse. And this part of the curse he reserveth to the last place, as worse than any of the former. Semblably, that judgment of pining away in their iniquity is the last that God denounceth, Lev 26:39 , after those other dismal ones there to befall the disobedient. And that, Rev 22:11 , Let him that is filthy be filthy still, is the last, but not the least (of those that befall in this life), threatened in all the New Testament.

Let it look for light, but have none ] Heb. But none. Loss of expectation is a great loss. Esau found it so, and the mother of Sisera, Jdg 5:28 , and those shall once, that come knocking and bouncing at heaven’s gates, with “Lord, Lord, open unto us,” and shall hear, “Depart ye.” The hopes of the wicked fail them when at highest; whereas the saints find that comfort in extremity which they durst not expect: their light shall rise in obscurity, Isa 58:10 , it shall shine more and more unto the perfect day, Pro 4:18 .

Let it not see the dawning of the day ] Heb. The eyelids of the morning; that is, the first breakings of light, the morning rays or beams peeping abroad. These this night must never see. Heaven is a nightless day ( ), hell a dayless night. Fire there is, but without light; it burneth, but shineth not to those reprobates who are in tenebras ex tenebris infeliciter exclusi, infelicius excludendi; thrust into outer darkness, a darkness beyond a darkness, as the dungeon is beyond the prison, Mat 8:12 .

Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)

dark. Hebrew. hashak. See Job 3:4.

let it look. Figure of speech Prosopopoeia. App-6.

Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics

dawning

Heb. “the eyelids of the morning.” Job 41:18.

Fuente: Scofield Reference Bible Notes

look for light: Job 30:26, Jer 8:15, Jer 13:16

the dawning of the day: Heb. the eye-lids of the morning, Job 41:18

Reciprocal: Gen 1:14 – and let Job 33:28 – see

Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Job 3:9. Let the stars of the twilight thereof, &c. That adorn the heavens with so much beauty and lustre, never be seen that night. Let it look for light, but have none Let it wait with the greatest impatience for some pleasing refreshment from thick, heavy clouds hanging over it; but let not the smallest degree of light appear; neither let it see the dawning of the day Neither let it perceive the least glimpse of those bright rays, which, with so much swiftness, issue from the rising sun.

Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

3:9 Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but [have] none; neither let it {g} see the dawning of the day:

(g) Let it be always night, and never see day.

Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes