Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Joshua 10:10
And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up to Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.
10. And the Lord discomfited them ] “As often before and after,” so now, “not a man could stand before the awe and the panic of the sudden sound of the terrible shout, the sudden appearance of that undaunted host who came with the assurance not to fear, nor to be dismayed, but to be strong and of a good courage, for the Lord had delivered their enemies into their hands.” Comp. Jdg 4:15 ; 1Sa 7:10; 2Sa 22:15.
discomfited ] Comp. Exo 17:13, “And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword;” 1Sa 7:10, “but the Lord thundered with a great thunder on that day upon the Philistines, and discomfited them;” 2Sa 22:15, “he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them.” Discomfit comes from Fr. dconfire, It. sconfiggere, to rout, whence the substantive sconfitia, the original of all being the Latin configere, to fasten together; whence discomfit primarily signifies to unfasten; then to disintegrate, or break up a mass into the parts of which it is composed. Hence to break up an army, to disperse it.
before Israel ] In Exo 23:27, the promise is given that God will always do so before the foes of Israel.
up to Beth-horon ] or “ the House of caves ” Notice the expression “along the way that goeth up to Beth-horon.” It was the first stage of the flight in the long ascent from Gibeon towards Beth-horon the upper.
to Azekah ] which lay in the Shephelah or rich agricultural plain. It was near Shochoh, and between the two places the Philistines encamped before the battle in which Goliath was killed (1Sa 17:1). It was afterwards fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch 11:9), was still standing at the time of the Babylonish invasion (Jer 34:7), and was reoccupied by the Jews after their return from the Captivity (Neh 11:30).
unto Makkedah ] Porter would identify it with a ruin on the northern slope of the Wady es Sunt, bearing the somewhat similar name of el-Klediah. Van de Velde would place it at Sumeil, a village standing on a low hill 6 or 7 miles N. W. of Beth-Jebrin.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Beth-horon – The two places of this name, the upper and the lower Beth-horon (marginal reference), are identified with the villages Beit-ur el Foka (the upper) and Beit-ur et Tahta (the lower): Beit-ur being probably a corruption of Beth-horon. The name itself (house of caves) points to the exceedingly rocky character of the district. Upper Beth-horon was between six and seven miles west of Gibeon; and the way that goeth up to Beth-horon must accordingly be the hilly road which leads from Gibeon to it. Between the two Beth-horons is a steep pass, the going down to Beth-horon Jos 10:11; and here the Amorites were crushed by the hailstones. The main road from Jerusalem and the Jordan valley to the seacoast lay through the pass of Beth-horon; and, accordingly, both the Beth-horons were secured by Solomon with strong fortifications 2Ch 8:5. It was in this pass that Judas Maccabaeus routed the Syrians under Seron (1 Macc. 3:13ff). and here also, according to Jewish traditions, the destruction of the host of Sennacherib took place 2Ki 19:35.
Azekah, which has not been as yet certainly identified, was in the hill country, between the mountains around Gibeon and the plain (see the marginal reference). It was fortified by Rehoboam 2Ch 11:9 and besieged by the Babylonians Jer 34:7 shortly before the captivity. It was an inhabited city after the return from the exile Neh 11:30.
Makkedah – The exact site of this town is uncertain. It was situated in the plain between the mountains and the line of seacoast which the Philistines held Jos 15:41, and no great way northeast of Libnab Jos 12:15-16. (Warren (Conder) identifies it with the modern el Mughhar, a village on the south side of the valley of Torek.)
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 10. Slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon] Multitudes of them fell in the onset; after which they fled, and the Israelites pursued them by the way of Beth-horon. There were two cities of this name, the upper and lower, both in the tribe of Ephraim, and built by Sherah, the daughter of Ephraim, 1Ch 7:24. The situation of these two cities is not exactly known.
To Azekah, and unto Makkedah.] These two cities were in the tribe of Judah, Jos 15:35-41.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Slew them, or, he slew them; either God or Israel; for Gods work is described Jos 10:11.
At Gibeon, Heb. in Gibeon; not in the city, but in the territory belonging to it; as Joshua is said to be in Jericho, Jos 5:13.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
10, 11. the Lord discomfitedthemHebrew, “terrified,” confounded theAmorite allies, probably by a fearful storm of lightning and thunder.So the word is usually employed (1Sa 7:10;Psa 18:13; Psa 144:6).
and slew them with a greatslaughter at GibeonThis refers to the attack of the Israelitesupon the besiegers. It is evident that there had been much hardfighting around the heights of Gibeon, for the day was far spentbefore the enemy took to flight.
chased them along the waythat goeth up to Beth-horonthat is, “the House of Caves,”of which there are still traces existing. There were two contiguousvillages of that name, upper and nether. Upper Beth-horon was nearestGibeonabout ten miles distant, and approached by a gradual ascentthrough a long and precipitous ravine. This was the first stage ofthe flight. The fugitives had crossed the high ridge of UpperBeth-horon, and were in full flight down the descent to Beth-horonthe Nether. The road between the two places is so rocky and ruggedthat there is a path made by means of steps cut in the rock[ROBINSON]. Down this passJoshua continued his victorious rout. Here it was that the Lordinterposed, assisting His people by means of a storm, which, havingbeen probably gathering all day, burst with such irresistible fury,that “they were more which died with hailstones than they whomthe children of Israel slew with the sword.” The Orientalhailstorm is a terrific agent; the hailstones are masses of ice,large as walnuts, and sometimes as two fists; their prodigious size,and the violence with which they fall, make them always veryinjurious to property, and often fatal to life. The miraculousfeature of this tempest, which fell on the Amorite army, wasthe entire preservation of the Israelites from its destructiveravages.
Jos10:12-15. THE SUNAND MOON STANDSTILL AT THE WORDOF JOSHUA.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And the Lord discomfited them before Israel,…. Disturbed, troubled, and frightened them, at the appearance and presence of the people of Israel; they were thrown into terror and confusion upon their approach, being so sudden and unexpected:
and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; by the Israelites, who came upon them suddenly:
and chased them along the way that goeth up to Bethhoron; there were two places of this name, the upper and the nether, both built by Sherah, the daughter or granddaughter of Ephraim, 1Ch 7:24; therefore here so called by anticipation. It was about an hundred furlongs, or twelve miles and a half, according to Josephus o, from Jerusalem, which agrees with Eusebius and Jerom; and from Gibeon thither, it was fifty furlongs, or six miles and a quarter; so far the kings were pursued by Joshua and his army, at least unto the ascent of it; for being built on a hill, it had an ascent on one side, and a descent on the other, after mentioned, and both were very narrow passages; of the former it is said in the Talmud p, that if two camels go up the ascent to Bethhoron, they both fall; upon which the gloss says, it is a narrow place, and there is no way to turn to the right hand, or the left:
and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah; the former of which is placed by Jerom q between Eleutheropolis and Jerusalem, and was a village in his days, and the other eight miles from Eleutheropolis, and both in the tribe of Judah, see Jos 15:35; according to Bunting r, they were both eight miles from Jerusalem towards the west.
o Antiqu. l. 20. c. 4. sect. 4. p T. Bab. Sanhedrin, fol. 32. 2. q De loc. Heb. fol. 88. A. & 93. C. r Travels, &c. p. 98.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
10. And the Lord discomfited them, etc In the first slaughter the Lord exerted his own might, but used the swords of the people. Hence we infer that whenever he works by men, nothing is detracted from his glory, but whatever is done redounds to him alone. For when he employs the co-operation of men, he does not call in allies as a subsidiary force, or borrow anything from them; but as he is able to accomplish whatever he pleases by a mere nod, he uses men also as instruments to show that they are ruled by his hand and will. Meanwhile it is said with truth in either way, that the enemy were routed and crushed by God, or by the Israelites, inasmuch as God crushed them by the instrumentality of the Israelites.
In the second slaughter the hand of God appeared more clearly, when the enemy were destroyed by hail. And it is distinctly stated that more were destroyed by hail than were slain by the sword, that there might be no doubt of the victory having been obtained from heaven. Hence again it is gathered that this was not common hail, such as is wont to fall during storms. For, in the first place, more would have been wounded or scattered and dispersed than suddenly destroyed; and secondly, had not God darted it directly, part would have fallen on the heads of the Israelites. Now, when the one army is attacked separately, and the other, kept free from injury, comes forward as it were to join auxiliary troops, it becomes perfectly clear that God is fighting from heaven. To the same effect it is said that God threw down great stones of hail from heaven: for the meaning is that they fell with extraordinary force, and were far above the ordinary size. If at any time, in common battles, a storm has suddenly arisen, and has proved useful to one of the parties, God has seemed to give that party a token of his favor and hence the line, Dearly beloved of heaven is he on whose side the elements are enlisted. (93) Here we have the account of a more distinguished miracle, in which the omnipotence of God was openly displayed.
(93) The passage here inserted is a quotation from the Latin poet Claudian, who, in his panegyric on Theodosius, referring to a victory of that emperor, in which the elements seem to war in his favor, exclaims —
O nimium dilecte Deo, tibi militat aether, Et conjurati veniunt ad classica venti !— Ed.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(10) Beth-horonis identified as Beit Ur.
Azekahis unknown.
Makkedah.Probably el-Moghr.
(11) Great stones from heaven.Compare Job. 38:22-23, Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war? The employment of the artillery of heaven against Jehovahs enemies was there foretold by Himself.
(12-15)The whole of this paragraph appears to be a quotation from the Book of Jasher. That book is mentioned also in 2Sa. 1:18, where the lament of David over Saul and Jonathan appears to be a citation from it. We may compare Num. 21:14; Num. 21:27, where reference is made to poetical passages either current among the people (as national ballads) or actually written. The name Jasher (upright) is not taken as the name of an author, and what it refers to no one knows. From the fact that all the passages cited in this way are more or less poetical, we may infer that there was a poetical literature among the Hebrews (partly written, partly unwritten) from which the inspired writers occasionally made extracts. The songs of Moses, including the ninetieth Psalm, belong to this literature.
The fact that the great miracle of the Book of Joshua is recorded in this form is, to those who believe that Joshua was the original author of the book, a remarkable proof of the impression which the miracle had made upon the minds of the people. Even before the death of the hero of the story, it had come to be told in a set form of words, in which the ear could tolerate no alteration. As in later times they sang, Saul hath slain his thousands and David his ten thousands, so. they appear to have recited the deed of Joshua. Then spake Joshua to the Lord. The form of the original sentence, Then speaketh Joshua, &c., is suitable to this view.
(12) And he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still . . .It is not impossible to read thus: And he said, In the sight of Israel sun in Gibeon be thou still (dumb); and, moon, in the valley of Ajalon. But we do not seem to gain anything by supposing that the miracle was only apparenti.e., that the light of the sun and moon was retained in its position, while the heavenly bodies themselvesviz., earth, moon, and sunmaintained their actual course (for the sun moves). Nor, again, can we accept the view of some, that it was the night, not the day, that was specially prolonged. The word used for the suns standing still is peculiar, and signifies to be dumb or silent. We may compare with this metaphor the words of Psa. 19:3-4, There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard. Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. Joshuas command was that the sun should for the time silence that penetrating voice, and be dumb from those all-prevailing words. Translated into technical language, the command would be to suspend the motion of the earth round its axis, and that of the moon round the earth. At the same time the earth was left free to move round the sun, and the moon to revolve (if it does revolve) on its own axis. The objection which we sometimes hear, that if the earth had stopped in its orbit it would have fallen into the sun, is nothing to the purpose (supposing its Maker to have arrested its motion in such an imperfect and clumsy manner), for Joshua did not ask that it should cease to move in its orbit, only that it should cease the revolution which causes day and night to succeed each other at fixed intervals. Gravitation does not touch this.
How the miracle was done we are not informed. But if we understand the narrative literally, the problem is, How to suspend the motion of the earth upon its axis, and the motion of the moon round the earth, for twelve hours, the earth being free to move round the sun, and the moon free to revolve upon her axis, if these motions are independent of the others. And if they are not independent, it is not easy to say why a perfect solilunar cycle is not more readily obtained. This problem should be solved before men can assert the thing to be impossible. The late Professor Mozley has well shown, in his Bampton Lectures, that the presumption against a miracle of this kind is not a reasonable presumption. For, on the other hand, the presumption that the sun will rise to-morrow, and that the day will be of a given length, is not based upon reason at all, however strongly it may be felt by mankind. But many who do not doubt that the Creator could perform the miracle (as easily as an engine-driver can stop an engine at full speed, or a skilful finger arrest the progress of a watch without injury to the works), nevertheless hesitate to believe that He would have done such a thing under the stated circumstances and for the proposed end. The answer to this objection is, that the history of the chosen people in Holy Scripture is a series of miracles. The miracles of Moses and Elijah and Elisha are not less wonderful than this. The three days darkness in Egypt, the sign that was given to Hezekiah, which brought inquirers from Babylon (2Ch. 32:31), the star that conducted the wise men from the East to Bethlehem, and the miraculous darkness at the crucifixion, were wonders of the same kind. Holy Scripture expressly informs us that there will be signs in the sun and in the moon and in the stars. Astronomers speak calmly of the possibility of the extinction of the solar fires. Can they tell us what would be the effect of a partial, gradual, or momentary extinction? At least Holy Scripture is consistent throughout, in the view that the God of Israel never spared a sign or a wonder that might further His purposes towards His people. As for the remark made by one commentator, that the silence of other contemporary records is a presumption against the miracle in its literal sense, we ask, Where are the contemporary records that are silent?
At the same time, if any one finds it easier to believe that the motions of the earth, sun, and moon were continued, and the light only was arrested in its course, the Scripture does not forbid that view. But there is still a question left unsolved even then. Why did Joshua bid the moon stand still as well as the sun to be silent? In any case, indeed, this is a remarkable feature of the story. It must not be forgotten that while we know the law and rate of the earths motion, we do not entirely understand what the CAUSE of the motion is, and therefore it is impossible to state what must be done in order to arrest the motion for a time.
Upon Gibeon; and . . . in the valley of Ajalon.The two prepositions are the same in Hebrew. It seems to be an order that the sun should not go down, and the moon cease to rise.
EXCURSUS TO NOTES ON JOSHUA.
THE DEFEAT OF THE FIVE KINGS AT GIBEON (Jos. 10:10-12).
IT was not until I had an opportunity of verifying the course of the combatants on the large Ordnance Map with the sheets fitted together that I was able to form a clear and connected notion of the proceedings of that memorable day. It appears to me that the scene described is this:
When the five kings of the Amorites besieged Gibeon, the Gibeonites sent a hasty appeal to Joshua for help. Joshua replied by a night march from Gilgal, which brought the host of Israel to Gibeon at early dawn. The Amorite army was surprised, and speedily took to flight. Being attacked from the east, they naturally fled westward, and took the road to Beth-horon. An ancient road from Gibeon (El-Jb) still passes both the Beth-horons, first the upper (Beitur El-Foka), then the lower (Beitur Et-Tahta). They are about two miles apart. The road then turns southward (the Beth-horons lie slightly to the northwest of Gibeon), and leads to the border of Philistia. Beth-horon the upper Isaiah 2, 022 feet above the sea; Beth-horon the nether 1,310 feet above the sea; the points about Gibeon varying from 2,300 to 2,500 feet in height. But the road from Gibeon to Beth-horon appears at first to ascend slightly, and then to descend. From Beth-horon the upper there is a steep descent of nearly 600 feet in the first half mile, and from Beth-horon the nether a continuous slope towards Philistia. Ajalon (Ylo), about five miles south-west of Beth-horon the nether, is only 940 feet above the Mediterranean. Azekah is not identified, but was probably somewhere near Amws. Makkedah is thought by Conder to be El-Mughr, in Philistia, the only place in the district where there are caves. Ajalon and Gibeon are about nine miles apart in a straight line, due east and west of each other, and El-Mughr (Makkedah) is about eighteen miles from Beth-horon the nether. These are the geographical data. Now as to what occurred.
When Joshua and his army were in pursuit of the Amorites from Gibeon towards the west, the sun was rising behind them. They presently sawwhat we so often see in the early morningthe moon in front of them on the west, just setting in the valley of Ajalon, and the sun behind them over Gibeon on the east. It was the height of summer (as appears by the date of the passage of Jordan, and the commencement of the war, Joshua 5, 6), and in a little while the heat would prevent or greatly retard further operations. A sudden inspiration now seized Joshua, and he requested that the cool morning hoursthe best time for battlemight be prolonged. Let the sun remain in the east, and the moon in the west, until the discomfiture of the Amorite army was complete. So the sun stood still in the one-half of the heavensin the eastern hemisphereand hasted not to go down about a whole day. It may be observed that the book which mentions the sun oftener than any other in the Old Testament describes his course thus: The sun ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose (Ecc. 1:5). Between his rising and setting nothing else is named. So the sun arose on Joshua and on Joshuas enemies. He arose, and his course was then arrested. He was not permitted to go down, or to pass over to the western side of the heavens, until the enemies of Israel had disappeared. We may add that the suns position in the east over Gibeon was the very best for Israel, and the worst possible for the Amorites. The pursuit being westward, whenever the flying Amorites attempted to turn and rally, the level or slant rays of the sun were full in their faces, and they could not see to fight, while their pursuers had the best possible view of them. Presently, in the descent of Beth-horon (not the going down to Beth-horon, as in the English Version; but either in the steep descent from the upper to the lower town, or more probably in the long descent from the lower Beth-horon to Azekah, on the borders of Philistia), a storm of hail burst upon them, and followed them to the plain. They were more that died with hailstones than they whom Israel slew with the sword. At length, after a flight of some five-and-twenty miles, the kings found shelter in the cave at Makkedah. Even then the pursuit was not ended. Under the shadow of the clouds that had obscured the heavens, while the sun made his way westward, the Israelites still hunted down their beaten foes, until the remnant found shelter in the fortresses. Then, in the afternoon, Joshua and his warriors returned to Makkedah, and unearthed the five kings to die. Even for the trained soldiers of the wilderness, that days work must have been a severe trial. The night march from Gilgal to Gibeon, and the pursuit to Makkedah, cover forty miles of country, measured in a direct line. The time is some thirty-six hours, allowing for the miraculous prolongation of the day. But the whole story is consistent; and Makkedah was an admirable starting-point for the attack upon the fortresses which followed, and which occupied the Israelitish army during the remainder of the campaign.
In Dean Stanleys account of the battle, the sun is made to stand still at noonin the middle of the day. But the mid-day sun does not appear to be upon any place in particular; the morning and evening suns do. Gibeon and Ajalon are only about nine miles apart. To see the sun upon Gibeon and the moon upon Ajalon it must be early morning, and one must be between the two places. Five miles from Gibeon would soon be accomplished. If the battle began at daybreak, a single hour after sunrise would be sufficient to bring the pursuers and pursued to the required spot. The midst of heaven (Hebrew, the one half of the heaven) does not seem to mean the meridian, but the one hemisphere as opposed to the other.
Again, Dean Stanley makes the hail come up from the westward. But the narrative says, As they were in the going down of Beth-horon, the Lord cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah. All down the slope the hail followed them, for some seven or eight miles. It is much more natural for a storm of hail to come from the hills towards the plain than vice vers. Do not the hail and snow in Palestine more generally come from the north and east than from the sea?
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
THE GREAT BATTLE OF GIBEON AND BETH-HORON, Jos 10:10-11.
[“The battle of Beth-boron, or Gibeon,” says Stanley, “was one of the most important in the history of the world; and yet so profound has been the indifference, first of the religious world, and then (through their example or influence) of the common world, to the historical study of the Hebrew annals, that the very name of this great battle is far less known to most of us than that of Marathon or Cannae. It is one of the few military engagements which belong equally to ecclesiastical and to civil history, which have decided equally the fortunes of the world and of the Church.”] 10. And the Lord discomfited them The victory is ascribed not to Joshua but to the Lord. He had inspired the great Hebrew chieftain with confidence to strike a sudden blow, probably in the early morning dawn, and the panic-stricken enemy fled in confusion. There is no need of supposing, with some expositors, that God made use of thunder and lightning, or any other terrific natural phenomena, to discomfit the Amorite host early in the morning. The sudden assault of Joshua with his battalion of picked men was sufficient to produce such a result. God is often said to do that which is done through the agency of men. The issue of battles, like every other human event, is in the hands of Almighty God. In the sphere of mind there is a field for divine interposition, breathing courage into one army and dismay into the other. Hence many of the most wonderful triumphs in the world’s history have been achieved by the weaker army.
Beth-horon The house of caves. Upper Beth-horon is on an elevation northwest of Gibeon, higher up, and is at the head of a ravine through which there is a steep pass to Lower Beth-horon and to the plain of Sharon. The flight of the Amorites was toward this pass up the long ascent, the way that goeth up. Then came the second stage of the flight down the steep ravine, in the going down to Beth-horon the lower. Azekah was a town in the rich agricultural plain into which the valley of Aijalon opens westward. Its position has not yet been recognized. Makkedah is supposed to be in the same plain, but its situation has hitherto eluded discovery.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Ver. 10. And chased them along the way that goeth up to Beth-horon That is, by the way of the mountain on which the town of Beth-horon was raised at the time of writing this book; for that town did not yet exist, nor was it built till the Israelites had taken possession of the land of Canaan. It was founded by Sherah, the daughter or granddaughter of Ephraim. See 1Ch 7:24. But it should be remarked, that she built Beth-horon the nether and the upper; these are the expressions of the historian. We do not exactly know the situation of these two towns; both of them were in the tribe of Ephraim, one to the south, the other to the north. It is certain, that that of which we are now speaking is Beth-horon the nether, or the southern, which was upon the frontiers of Ephraim, near the mountains. See Wells’s Geog. vol. 2: p. 200.
And smote them to Azekah and unto Makkedah The towns of Azekah and Makkedah are afterwards reckoned among the cities of Judah, chap. Jos 15:35; Jos 15:41. They are both placed in the northern part of that tribe. Azekah could not be a great way from Jarmuth, so far as one may judge from chap. Jos 15:35 and consequently must be less northerly than Makkedah.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Let the Reader particularly observe, that Jehovah is said to have discomfited them before Israel: perhaps, by the terrors of the Lord upon their minds. And by these stones, with which the slaughter of them was chiefly accomplished; it should seem, that the enemy was destroyed where Joshua and his army did not come: for Betheron lay to the north of Gibeon, whereas Joshua and his army was attacking them by Azikah, and Makkidah, which were southward. Job 38:22-23 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Jos 10:10 And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up to Bethhoron, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.
Ver. 10. And the Lord discomfited them. ] It is he that giveth victory, as the Romans also acknowledged by presenting a palm, in that case, to their Jupiter, so other nations,
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Beth-horon = the ‘Upper Beth-horon, which stood at the head of the Pass to the coast.
Azekah. Near Shochoh, where Goliath afterwards opposed Israel (1Sa 17:1).
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
the Lord: Jos 11:8, Jdg 4:15, 1Sa 7:10-12, 2Ch 14:12, Psa 18:14, Psa 44:3, Psa 78:55
at Gibeon: Isa 28:21
Bethhoron: Jos 16:3, Jos 16:5, Jos 21:22, 1Sa 13:18
Azekah: Jos 10:11, Jos 15:35, Jer 34:7
Makkedah: Jos 10:28, Jos 12:16, Jos 15:41
Reciprocal: Exo 14:14 – the Lord Deu 28:7 – flee before Jos 10:20 – had made 1Sa 17:1 – Azekah 2Sa 22:15 – arrows 2Sa 23:10 – the Lord 1Ch 6:68 – Bethhoron Psa 68:14 – When Isa 24:18 – he who fleeth
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Jos 10:10. At Gibeon That is, near Gibeon; for it is plain they were not in the city; and so ought we to take the particle at, in many other places of Scripture, as signifying no more than nigh unto. Along the way that goeth up to Beth-horon That is, to the place which was afterward called by that name; for there was no such place at the time of this battle, it being built after they were settled in Canaan, as we read 1Ch 7:24. And it probably was so called from the miraculous destruction which overtook the enemies of Israel here; for Beth-horon signifies the place of anger or fury. It stood upon a hill, as appears by the expression here used, of going up to Beth-horon.