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Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Jude 1:15

Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Jude 1:15

To execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard [speeches] which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.

15. to execute judgment upon all ] The following is given as a literal translation of the prophecy as it stands in the Book of Enoch: “And He cometh with ten thousands of His holy ones, that He may execute judgment upon them and destroy the ungodly, and may plead with all the carnal ones for all the things which sinners and the ungodly have done or wrought against Him.” St Jude’s version differs from this in the reiterated use of the word “ungodly” as noun, adjective, verb and adverb.

Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

To execute judgment upon all – That is, he shall come to judge all the dwellers upon the earth, good and bad.

And to convince all – The word convince we now use commonly in a somewhat limited sense, as meaning to satisfy a mans own mind either of the truth of some proposition, or of the fact that he has done wrong, as being in this latter sense synonymous with the word convict. This conviction is commonly produced by argument or truth, and is not necessarily followed by any sentence of disapprobation, or by any judicial condemnation. But this is clearly not the sense in which the word is used here. The purpose of the coming of the Lord will not be to convince men in that sense, though it is undoubtedly true that the wicked will see that their lives have been wrong; but it will be to pronounce a sentence on them as the result of the evidence of their guilt. The Greek word which is here used occurs nowhere else in the New Testament.

All that are ungodly among them – All that are not pious; all that have no religion.

Of all their ungodly deeds … – Of their wicked actions and words. This is the common doctrine of the Bible, that all the wicked actions and words of men will be called into judgment. In regard to this passage, thus quoted from an ancient prophecy, we may remark:

(1) That the style bears the marks of its being a quotation, or of its being preserved by Jude in the language in which it had been handed down by tradition. It is not the style of Jude. It is not so terse, pointed, energetic.

(2) It has every probable mark of its having been actually delivered by Enoch. The age in which he lived was corrupt. The world was ripening for the deluge. He was himself a good man, and, as would seem perhaps, almost the only good man of his generation. Nothing would be more natural than that he should be reproached by hard words and speeches, and nothing more natural than that he should have pointed the men of his own age to the future judgment.

(3) The doctrine of the final judgment, if this was uttered by Enoch, was an early doctrine in the world. It was held even in the first generations of the race. It was one of those great truths early communicated to man to restrain him from sin, and to lead him to prepare for the great events which are to occur on the earth. The same doctrine has been transmitted from age to age, and is now one of the most important and the most affecting that refers to the final destiny of men.

Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible

Verse 15. To execute judgment] This was originally spoken to the antediluvians; and the coming of the Lord to destroy that world was the thing spoken of in this prophecy or declaration. But as God had threatened this, it required no direct inspiration to foretell it. To execute judgment, c. This is a very strange verse as to its composition, and is loaded with various readings the MSS. and versions being at little agreement among themselves on its phraseology. , which we translate among them, is omitted by the best MSS. and versions, and is, in all probability, spurious. Many also omit after , ungodly deeds. Many insert , words or speeches, after , hard; and this word our translators have supplied. And instead of , sinners, the Sahidic has , men. There are others of less note; but the frequent recurrence of ALL and UNGODLY makes the construction of the sentence very harsh.

Dr. Macknight supposes that Enoch’s prophecy was common among the Jews; for the first words in Hebrew are Maranatha, and these were used by them in that form of excommunication or cursing which they pronounced against irreclaimable offenders. The doctor forgets himself here; the words Maranatha are not Hebrew, but Syriac. In Hebrew the form of execration begins with arur attah, “cursed art thou;” or mochoram attah: but the Syriac [Syriac] maran atha, is literally, our Lord is coming; see on 1Co 16:22; but here, in the Syriac, the words are [Syriac] atha moria, “the Lord cometh.” So it is doubtful whether this fancied analogy exists.

Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible

To execute judgment upon all; either upon all the wicked in general, who afterwards may seem to be distinguished into different sorts, or else the Greek preposition is put for , and the word all is to be understood of all universally, good and bad; and the words may be read, to execute judgment over all, i.e. to judge all.

And to convince all that are ungodly among them: if we take the words in the latter sense mentioned, then he distinguisheth those that are to be judged into good and bad, and the Lord comes to execute judgment over all, having convinced the wicked among them; but if in the former, the ungodly here may be taken for those that are more notoriously so, those that have obstinately rejected the gospel, or wickedly perverted it, or persecuted the saints, &c.

Which they have ungodly committed; i.e. with an ungodly mind, willingly, delightfully, perseveringly.

Their hard speeches; i.e. blasphemous, irreverent, against God, his truth and ways.

Which ungodly sinners have spoken against him; he executes judgment, though upon all the wicked, yet especially upon these ungodly sinners, i.e. that are such both in their words and deeds against him, in his truths, ways, ordinances, people, &c., and therefore are the worst of sinners.

Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole

Thisverse and the beginning of Enochs prophecy is composed in Hebrewpoetic parallelism, the oldest specimen extant. Some think Lamechsspeech, which is also in poetic parallelism, was composed in mockeryof Enochs prophecy: as Enoch foretold Jehovahs coming tojudgment, so Lamech presumes on impunity in polygamy and murder (justas Cain the murderer seemed to escape with impunity).

convince convict.

hardspeeches– such as are noticed in Jud1:8,Jud1:10,Jud1:16;Mal3:13,Mal3:14;contrast Rom16:17.

ungodlysinners not merely sinners,but proud despisersof God: impious.

againsthim They who speak against Gods children are regarded by God asspeaking againstHimself.



Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

To execute judgment upon all,…. Quick and dead, small and great, high and low, rich and poor, good and bad, righteous and wicked, sheep and goats; to pass the definitive sentence on each, that of absolution, life, and happiness, on his own people, and that of condemnation, death, and misery, on the wicked; which will be done in the most strict and righteous manner:

and to convince all that are ungodly among them; those who are without God, the fear of him love to him, or faith in him; who have lived without the worship of him, or in a false worship; and particularly false teachers are here meant, the same as in Jude 1:4; who will then be convicted in their own consciences, by that clear evidence, and full light, in which things will be set:

of all their ungodly deeds; both against law and Gospel:

which they have ungodly committed; which they lived in the commission of, and continually practised in a vile manner, publicly, and in defiance of heaven, and with seared consciences:

and of all their hard [speeches], which ungodly sinners have spoken against him; either “against” God, as the Vulgate Latin version reads, against his being, his perfections, his providence, his purposes, his word, and worship; or rather against Jesus Christ the Lord, who will come to judge them, against his person and offices, his blood, righteousness, and sacrifice; his ministers and people, his truths and ordinances.

Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible

To execute judgment ( ). “To do justice.”

To convict (). First aorist (effective) active infinitive like before it.

Ungodly (). See verse 4 and end of this verse.

Of ungodliness (). Old word as in Ro 1:18, plural in Jude 1:18 as in Ro 11:26.

Which (). Genitive by attraction from (cognate accusative with , old verb, to act impiously, here alone in N.T. save some MSS. in 2Pe 2:6) to agree with the antecedent (deeds).

Hard things (). Harsh, rough things as in Joh 6:60.

Which (). Genitive by attraction from (object of , first aorist active indicative of ) to the case of the antecedent . Four times in this verse as a sort of refrain (twice), , .

Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament

1) “To execute judgment upon all” (Greek -krisin kata panton) to do judgment against all.

2) “And to convince all that are ungodly among them” – to convince (Greek elegksai) to convict -all those “ungodly ones” (Greek asebeis) those who have never had spiritual union with God. “Of them” or among them – those who had crept in among the sanctified.

3) “Of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed.” – of or (Greek peri) concerning their ungodly works – deeds of the flesh -which they did in their unregenerate tirades in life against the believers. Then shall they bow, confess but too late. Rom 14:12-14.

4) “And of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.”

a) Concerning all the hard (Greek – skleron) scandalizing, scoffing, deriding speeches.

b) Which mark missing (Greek hamartoloi) persons out of spiritual union with God have delivered (Greek kata) against him. Psa 1:1; Psa 1:5; Luk 23:35-37; Mat 5:11-12.

c) Jude affirms again and again that pay-day, though delayed, not executed speedily, is surely ahead for every ungodly one. See Gal 6:7-8; Ecc 8:11.

Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary

But the vengeance suspended over the wicked ought to keep the elect in fear and watchfulness. He speaks of deeds and words, Because their corrupters did much evil, not only by their wicked life, but also by their impure and false speech. And their words were hard, on account of the refractory audacity, by which, being elated, they acted insolently. (199)

(199) There seems to be a want of due order in the 15 verse; the execution of judgment is mentioned first, and then the conviction of the ungodly; but it is an order which exactly corresponds with numberless passages in Scripture: the final action first, and then that which lends to it. — Ed.

Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary

15. To execute judgment The office of judge, rather than executioner, is here described, which is performed upon all.

To convince To expose and convict of their sin, stripping away every excuse, and exhibiting their naked guilt.

Deeds speeches The external sins alone are here mentioned as exhibitions of character.

Ungodly committed As an English adverb we should here have ungodlily.

Hard Hostile, unsubmissive, impenitent.

Sinners against him The Greek order of words is more emphatic: which they spoke against him, sinners, impious. It is supposed by some that Jude here quotes an apocryphal Book of Enoch, of which Dr.

Mombert says: “The above mentioned apocryphal Book of Enoch was formerly known only by fragments and notices of the early Fathers, but has recently been discovered in an AEthiopic translation, and translated from the AEthiopic into German. It became known in Europe about the close of the last century. Winner, Dorner, and others, ascribe its authorship to a Jew of the first century of the Christian era; Ewald places its date at the end of the second century before Christ. A new edition and translation of this book was published by D. Dillman in 1853, who pronounces it to have been written about B.C. 110. The book consists, according to the careful investigation of the last-named scholar, of three parts: 1. The proper and original Book of Enoch, which constitutes the greatest part of this apocryphal work. 2. Of historical additions for the elucidation of several doctrines and ideas from the pen of another author, who wrote nothing afterwards. 3. Of so-called Noachian additions, connected with other interpolations made by a third author, belonging at least to the end of the first century B.C. Considering that the variations between the epistle and the Book of Enoch are not inconsiderable, and that the Book of Enoch is not expressly cited, there is still room to doubt whether Jude knew that book.

But the tradition of Enoch’s prophecy he must at all events have known, and considered true as to its kernel.” A late German writer, Volcmar, maintains that the book was written in the time of Hadrian, the beginning of the second century, and his argument Alford approves. In America, Stuart maintains the post-christian character of the book; and Dr. Gardiner, in a very able excursus, maintains more conclusively the same ground, denying that Jude quoted the book. Our own conclusion is, that it contains words and phrases used in a manner not found in any other pre-christian book, and the book can hardly be accepted as pre-christian. Alford says, “That the particulars related in Second Peter and in our epistle of the fallen angels, are found also in the Book of Enoch, is no proof that the writers of these epistles took them from that book. Three other solutions are possible: 1. That the apocryphal writer took them from our epistle; 2. That their source in each case was ancient tradition; 3. That the Book of Enoch itself consists of separate portions written at different times.”

Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jud 1:15. To execute judgment, &c. God will come to execute judgment upon all men, but he will punish none but the ungodly; and then every mouth shall be stopped, not by might, but by evidence and conviction. Enoch prophesied that God would come, and, with a flood, punish that impious race among whom he lived, as well as punish the impenitent with everlasting destruction. By a parity of reason, St. Jude intimates, that the wicked of his and of all ages may also expect to meet with the due reward of their deeds. This prophesy of Enoch is a remarkable testimony to a future state, given previous to the Mosaic oeconomy.

Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke

Jud 1:15 . . Follows exactly the Greek translation of Enoch given above, cf. Ael. V. H. ii. 6, . On the distinction between the active “to execute judgment” (as in Joh 5:27 ) and the periphrastic middle = (as in Isocr.48 D) see my notes on and , and (Jas 4:3 ; Jas 3:3 ).

. Shortened from the Greek Enoch quoted above.

. Cf. Jud 1:4 ; Jud 1:18 . The word thrice repeated in this verse runs through the epistle as a sort of refrain.

. This is taken from Enoch xxvii. 2. Charles, p. 366 (To Gehenna shall come), , cf. ib. Jud 1:4 , “The law of the Lord ye have not fulfilled, but have slanderously spoken proud and hard words with your impure mouths against His greatness,” ib. Son 3 , al., Gen 42:7 , , 1Ki 12:13 , , Mal 3:13-15 .

Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson

upon = against. App-104.

convince = convict. Greek. exelencho. Only here, but the texts read elencho, as Joh 8:9.

that are = the.

among = of. The texts omit.

their = the.

ungodly deeds = works of impiety (App-128. IV).

have. Omit.

ungodly committed. See 2Pe 2:6.

have spoken = spake. App-121.

against. App-104.

Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics

In the first fourteen verses we have given to us part of the glowing description of the glories of the ascended Christ, and here it is completed.

Rev 1:15. And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.

Seas lashed to tempests, cataracts leaping from their stupendous heights such was the voice of Christ.

Rev 1:16. And he had in his right hand seven stars: And out of his mouth went a sharp two edged sword:

For his word is a killing thing.

Rev 1:16. And his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength.

What magnificent figures put together! We are well prepared to find that John could not long endure this majestic representation of the Lord.

Rev 1:17. And when I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead.

He was not only brought to the posture of reverence, but he was so overawed that he became unconscious. It is the same person upon whose breast John had leaned his head, yet now he is represented as John had never seen him before. He was not so at the last supper; he was not so upon the cross; he was not so on the Mount of Transfiguration; he was not so even when he had risen from the dead, and, perhaps, he will not be so when we see him in his glory. This was a specially instructive representation of Christ, and it was too much even for the trained and educated spirit of John the Divine.

Rev 1:17-18. And he laid his right hand upon me. saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last: I am he that liveth, and was dead; and behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death.

This is the great consolation of the people of God when they are brought very low that Jesus lives, that Jesus reigns, that Jesus still comforts us and draws near to us in all the majesty of his power.

Rev 1:19-20. Write the things which thou hast seen, and the things which are, and the things which shall be hereafter; The mystery of the seven stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven golden candlesticks.

The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches: and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches.

This exposition consisted of readings from Psalms 77; Rev 1:15-20.

Fuente: Spurgeon’s Verse Expositions of the Bible

Jud 1:15. , judgment) Enoch looked forward beyond the deluge.- , against all men) who have sinned. A general description (the genus).-,[8] to convince) The conviction, which there was even then, will be completed in the judgment. A process of conviction is employed against those who are unwilling to know.- , all the ungodly) A particular description (the species).-, have spoken) Jud 1:8; Jud 1:10.- , against Himself) even though they had not thought that all their ungodly sayings [with which also the sons of the Lord and His servants are assailed, Job 42:7; Mal 3:13.-V. g.] were directed against Him.- , ungodly sinners) A sinner is bad; , one who sins without fear, is worse.

[8] However the simple is considered preferable in the margin of both Ed.-E. B.

ABC Vulg. (argucre) read : but Rec. Text, , with modern and cursive MSS.-E.

Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament

Reciprocal: Gen 5:18 – Enoch Gen 6:3 – My Num 24:17 – I shall see him 1Sa 2:3 – let not arrogancy Psa 1:5 – shall Psa 31:18 – grievous things Psa 89:5 – in the congregation Psa 94:4 – shall Psa 99:4 – executest Psa 139:20 – for they speak Isa 3:8 – because Isa 26:21 – Lord Jer 23:36 – for every Eze 11:9 – and will Eze 25:11 – I will Eze 35:13 – with Dan 12:13 – stand Zec 14:5 – the Lord Mal 3:5 – I will come Mat 12:36 – every Mat 25:6 – Behold Mat 25:27 – oughtest Mar 8:38 – when Luk 6:45 – and an Luk 12:3 – whatsoever Luk 19:21 – because Joh 16:8 – reprove Act 17:31 – he hath appointed Act 20:30 – speaking Rom 5:6 – ungodly Rom 14:10 – for 1Co 6:2 – the saints 1Co 16:22 – Anathema 2Co 5:10 – we 1Th 4:14 – God 2Th 1:7 – when Heb 6:2 – eternal Heb 9:27 – but Jam 2:9 – are Jam 3:6 – a world 1Pe 4:5 – shall 1Pe 4:18 – where 2Pe 2:2 – evil 2Pe 2:3 – whose 2Pe 2:5 – a preacher 2Pe 2:9 – and 2Pe 2:18 – they speak

Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Jud 1:15. This verse describes some of the work Jesus will do when he comes at the last day. Convince means to convict and punish these ungodly persons. All their ungodly deeds and hard speeches are considered as being against Him.

Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary

Jud 1:15. to execute judgment, i.e to pronounce the doom, and see that it is carried out. Then follows the description of these sinners. The characteristic of the antediluvians, as of those whom Jude addresses, is ungodliness: four times is this quality named, first and last and midst, in the description.

to convict (an intensive form of the English verb) in their consciences and before the world. The double meaning of the Greek word is only half represented by convince, and only half by convict; both meanings are in the word, though the second meaning is the predominant one here.

and of all the hard thingsrough, coarse; used here in its ethical sense, and especially to describe arrogant blasphemy (1Sa 2:3; Mal 3:13)stout, the outcome of a hardened heart.

The prophecy here quoted is found almost literally in the Book of Enoch, which was formerly known only in fragments preserved in some of the Fathers, but has recently been discovered in an Ethiopian translation, and became known in Europe at the close of the last century. The book belongs probably to the beginning of the Christian era. Dorner ascribes it to the first century after Christ; Dilmann, who has published it, to the century before. It is really divisible into three parts,the original book, which includes this prophecy and several other things, and two different sets of additions by later though still early writers. The book contains many absurdities (e.g. the women with whom the angels had intercourse brought forth giants six thousand feet high, who first devoured all the produce of the earth, and then began to devour men themselves); and it differs in several particulars from Judes statements. There is therefore no reason to suppose that Jude quotes it, though the prophecy of Enoch is found (with some important variations, however) in both. Every phrase in the prophecy has its parallel passage in the canonical Scriptures; and this fact may explain the facility and accuracy with which the tradition was transmitted. All, in fact, that is new in this prophecy is that he, Enoch, delivered ita thing in itself highly probable. Of course the Holy Ghost might have revealed it immediately to Jude; but it may be said, as before, that this explanation is forbidden by the form and the very purpose of the quotation itself. The writer is appealing to what is already known in support of his argument

Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament

15. Here Enoch describes the great Tribulation into which this wicked world is hastening. When the Ancient of Days, i.e., God the Father (Daniel 7), will come down and execute judgment against the wicked nations and fallen churches, preparatory to the millennial reign of His Son, these carnal preachers will meet an awful retribution for usurping the government of the Church out of the hands of the Holy Ghost.

Fuente: William Godbey’s Commentary on the New Testament