Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Leviticus 23:27
Also on the tenth [day] of this seventh month [there shall be] a day of atonement: it shall be a holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
Also – Surely. On the special rites of the day, the tenth of Tisri, that is from the evening of the ninth day of the month to that of the tenth Lev 23:32, see Lev. 16.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Ye shall afflict your souls, with fasting, and bitter repentance for all, especially their national sins, among which no doubt God would have them remember their sin of the golden calf. For as God had threatened to remember it in after-times to punish them for it, Exo 32:34, so there was great reason why they should remember it to humble themselves for it.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
27-32. there shall be a day ofatonement . . . and ye shall afflict your soulsan unusualfestival, at which the sins of the whole year were expiated. (See Le16:29-34). It is here only stated that the severest penalty wasincurred by the violation of this day.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Also on the tenth [day] of this seventh month,…. Tisri, the same as before, answering to part of our September, and part of October:
[there shall be] a day of atonement; for all the sins of the year past; see Le 16:29;
it shall be an holy convocation unto you: when they should be called together for the exercise of holy duties:
and ye shall afflict your souls; their souls, by repentance, contrition, and humiliation for sin, and their bodies by fasting; and, as the Targum of Jonathan paraphrases it,
“by abstaining from eating and drinking, and the advantage of bathing and wiping, and the use of the bed and sandals;”
hence called the fast, Ac 27:9;
[See comments on Le 16:29];
and offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord; a burnt offering, of which see Nu 29:8.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
27. Also on the tenth day of this seventh month. The word כפר, caphar, whence the noun כפרים, cephurim, signifies both to propitiate and to blot out guilt and accusation by means of expiation; כפרים, therefore, are atonements ( libationes) for appeasing God; and the word is used in the plural number, because they were not under the imputation of a single kind of guilt, but had need of manifold reconciliations on account of their many and various transgressions. This was indeed done both publicly and privately throughout the rest of the year, for all the victims they offered were so many satisfactions in order to obtain pardon and to reconcile God. Still to these daily exercises was added also a yearly feast-day as a special memorial, and as a sharper spur to repentance: for it was fit that they should be stirred up to pious grief by solemn fasting and sacrifices, inasmuch as they had provoked God’s wrath against themselves through the whole year. Therefore on this feast-day they were cited before His tribunal, in order that, placing themselves there, they should acknowledge that they deserved this judgment, and yet prayed that they might escape punishment; and this was the object of the fast. Meanwhile they learnt from the sacrifices that they were restored to His favor, since simple confession would have been only a ground for despair. Thus, therefore, God required of them sorrow and other indications of penitence, that on His part He might testify that He was duly appeased so as to be propitious to them. The expression, “ye shall afflict your souls,” here refers to the fast, which was required as an outward profession of repentance. And assuredly there was no weight in the fast of itself, since God plainly shews through Isaiah that He makes no account of hypocrites, who trust that they appease him by fasting, (Isa 58:3😉 but being withdrawn from mere luxurious food and all delicacies, they were reminded of their misery, so that being cast down by grief and humbled, they might more ardently and zealously seek for the remedy. For remission of sins is promised to none but those who, affected with serious sorrow, feel themselves to be lost and miserable, and acknowledge and confess what they have deserved. In this way a door is opened for imploring God’s mercy. Still it is not to be supposed that those who are thus dissatisfied with themselves deserve pardon by their preparation for it. (352) But since it would be contrary to God’s nature to embrace men with His favor who are plunged in their iniquities and obstinate in sin; and again, since it would be most unreasonable that by His clemency license to sin should be given under the pretext of impunity, it is needful that penitence should precede our reconciliation to God. Whence also it appears that He so pardons sinners as still to hate their sins, since He only absolves those who voluntarily condemn themselves, nor admits any into His favor except those who forsake their sins; not that any one perfectly renounces himself or his sins, but through indulgence that penitence is acceptable to God, (353) which might justly be rejected on the ground of its deficiencies. Whereby also what I have just said is confirmed, that it is not on account of the merit of our penitence that God acquits us of our sins; as if we redeemed ourselves from guilt and punishment by weeping, sorrowing, and confession, whereas in the best of us all penitence will always be found to be weak and imperfect. Wherefore the cause and the honor of our pardon must only be ascribed to the gratuitous goodness of God. Hence I have said that in their fast the Israelites professed their guilt and condemnation, whilst they were expiated by the sacrifice, since there is no other means of satisfaction.
(352) “ Pour s’estre disposez en bon estat, comme on parle.” — Fr.
(353) “ Quand elle n’est point feinte; ” when it is not feigned. — Fr.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(27) Also on the tenth.See Lev. 16:29.
And ye shall afflict your souls.That is, fast. (See Lev. 16:29.)
And offer an offering.See Num. 29:8-11.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Lev 23:27. Also on the tenth day See the notes on ch. 16:
REFLECTIONS.The day of atonement was to be observed as a day of sacred rest, to be spent wholly in reflection upon and humiliation for the sins of the preceding year. A day of fasting: the body, as well as soul, must be afflicted, as both share in guilt; and the whole day, from even unto even, must be spent in those exercises of deep abasement, which answered the institution. Note; (1.) They who feel the burden of sin, will be careful to beat down the body, as well as to humble the soul. (2.) Solemn seasons for the review of past transgressions, cannot but have a blessed effect upon the heart. (3.) When we would afflict our bodies with fasting, there should be real abstinence in respect to all kinds of meat. To keep a fast on rich fish, and high sauces, is ridiculous mockery, instead of a holy fast.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Lev 23:27 Also on the tenth [day] of this seventh month [there shall be] a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
Ver. 27. Also on the tenth day. ] See Trapp on “ Lev 16:31 “ Thus they were kept in sorrow five days, before they might keep their feast of joy. Lev 23:34
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
atonement. See note on Exo 29:33.
afflict = humble.
your souls = yourselves. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
atonement
The day of Atonement, Lev 23:26-32. The day is the same described in Leviticus 16, but here the stress is laid upon the sorrow and repentance of Israel. In other words, the prophetical feature is made prominent, and that looks forward to the repentance of Israel after her regathering under the Palestinian Covenant, Deu 30:1-10 preparatory to the second advent of Messiah and the establishment of the kingdom. See the connection between the “trumpet” in Joe 2:1 and the mourning which follows in verses Joe 2:11-15.
Also Zec 12:10-13 in connection with the atonement of Zec 13:1. Historically the “fountain” of Zec 13:1 was opened at the crucifixion, but rejected by the Jews of that and the succeeding centuries. After the regathering of Israel the fountain will be efficaciously “opened” to Israel.
atonement
(See Scofield “Exo 29:33”).
Fuente: Scofield Reference Bible Notes
the tenth: Lev 16:29, Lev 16:30, Lev 25:9, Num 29:7-11
afflict: Lev 16:31, Num 29:7, Ezr 8:21, Psa 35:13, Isa 58:5, Dan 10:2, Dan 10:3, Zec 12:10, Act 2:37, Act 2:38, 2Co 7:10, 2Co 7:11, Jam 4:9
offer: Lev 16:11, Lev 16:15, Lev 16:24
Reciprocal: Exo 12:16 – first day Exo 30:10 – Aaron Lev 23:29 – that shall Lev 23:32 – afflict Num 30:13 – to afflict Ezr 3:1 – the seventh Isa 58:3 – afflicted Jer 36:6 – upon Jer 36:9 – they Act 27:9 – the fast Heb 10:3 – a remembrance
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Lev 23:27. Afflict your souls With fasting and bitter repentance for all, and especially their national sins, among which, no doubt, God would have them remember their sin of the golden calf. For as God had threatened to remember it in after-times to punish them for it, so there was great reason why they should remember it to humble themselves for it.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
23:27 Also on the tenth [day] of this seventh month [there shall be] a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall {n} afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
(n) By fasting and prayer.