Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Leviticus 9:3
And unto the children of Israel thou shalt speak, saying, Take ye a kid of the goats for a sin offering; and a calf and a lamb, [both] of the first year, without blemish, for a burnt offering;
3. And unto the children ] LXX. and Sam. have ‘elders’ as in Lev 9:1.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Verse 3. Take ye a kid] In Le 4:14 a young bullock is commanded to be offered for the sin of the people; but here the offering is a kid, which was the sacrifice appointed for the sin of the ruler, Le 4:22-23, and hence some think that the reading of the Samaritan and the Septuagint is to be preferred. Speak unto the ELDERS of Israel, these being the only princes or rulers of Israel at that time; and for them it is possible this sacrifice was designed. It is however supposed that the sacrifice appointed Le 4:14 was for a particular sin, but this for sin in general; and that it is on this account that the sacrifices differ.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
A sin-offering for the people, as it is expressed here Lev 9:15, for whose sin a young bullock was required, Lev 4:14; but that was for some particular sin, but this was more general and indefinite for all their sins. Besides, there being an eye here had to the priests consecration and entrance into his office, it is no wonder if there be some difference in these sacrifices from those before prescribed.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
And unto the children of Israel thou shalt speak,…. That is, Aaron should speak to them, for being now high priest, Moses had no more to do with the sacrifices of the people, but it was incumbent on Aaron to call upon them to bring them to him such as the Lord by this law required of them:
saying, take ye a kid of the goats for a sin [offering]; this creature fitly represented Christ as made sin, and an offering for sin, in the room of his people:
and a calf, and a lamb; both of them, as before observed, were proper emblems of Christ in his strength and innocence, sometimes called the fatted calf, and frequently the Lamb of God, Lu 15:23 Joh 1:29:
[both] of the first year, without blemish, for a burnt offering; denoting the tenderness of Christ, his spotless purity, and painful sufferings.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(3) And unto the children of Israel thou shalt speak.That is, Aaron, who was now constituted high priest, was to give the orders about the sacrifices It will be seen that the elders of the people whom Moses summoned in Lev. 9:1 to witness in behalf of the people the first ministrations of the priests, are here called the children of Israel, thus showing that the representatives acted for the people. Hence the two terms are interchanged (see Lev. 8:2), which accounts for the fact that the Greek Version (LXX.) renders it here by elders.
A kid of the goats . . . and a calf.Better, a shaggy-haired he-goat. (See Lev. 4:23, &c.)
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
3. A kid of the goats See Lev 23:19, note.
A burnt offering Chap. 1 and Lev 6:9, notes.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
‘And to the children of Israel you will speak, saying, “Take a he-goat for a purification for sin offering, and a calf and a lamb, both a year old, without blemish, for a whole burnt offering, and an ox and a ram for peace offerings, to sacrifice before Yahweh, and a grain offering mingled with oil, for today Yahweh appears to you.’
Having offered for himself he can then offer for the people, ‘the children of Israel’. For the people the offerings are to be a he-goat for the purification for sin offering, a year old calf and lamb for a whole burnt offering, and a bull ox and a ram for peace sacrifices, together with a grain offering mingled with oil. And being on behalf of the whole people they are male.
Again there is a lowering in level of the offerings. This may be because again the people have not yet had time to ‘sin’ to any extent since the consecration of the priests has taken place and the new way of worship has been introduced, so that instead of a bull ox for a purification for sin offering for the people (Lev 4:14), there is a he-goat. But it may also be because this was the people’s offering excluding the priests, while that for the ‘whole congregation of Israel’ (Lev 4:13) was seen as including the priest (see on Lev 10:16-20)
For the whole burnt offering there was here a calf and a lamb. This was probably in order to indicate that their new status and need for atonement was in its infancy. But it was also because the lamb was also for the morning sacrifice, for the regular morning and evening sacrifices were to be of a similar lamb (Exo 29:38).
The third group of offerings was to be of a bull ox and a ram for their peace sacrifice. Here they would be partaken of and represented Israel’s present well being and position of peace with God which was full developed. Thus the constituents are carefully selected.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Lev 9:3. A kid of the goats for a sin-offering In ch. Lev 4:14 the matter of the sin-offering for the congregation is ordered to be a calf or bullock; but that is to be understood of an offering for a particular determinate sin: this for sin in general. It is thought that goats were so frequently appointed for sacrifice in the Jewish ritual, because the daemons of idolatry were most frequently worshipped under this form. See ch. Lev 17:7. The young calf enjoined for Aaron’s sin-offering, Lev 9:2 is supposed by many of the Jews to have reference to the affair of the golden calf.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
I think it is worthy remark here, that now Aaron is consecrated to the priesthood, he is commissioned to speak to the people; and Moses conveys the will of the LORD through him. And is he not here also a type of the ever-blessed JESUS, as our Mediator? Heb 1:1-2 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Lev 9:3 And unto the children of Israel thou shalt speak, saying, Take ye a kid of the goats for a sin offering; and a calf and a lamb, [both] of the first year, without blemish, for a burnt offering;
Ver. 3. Take ye a kid of the goats for a sin offering. ] Quia gravis odor peccati. The smell of sin is grievous; it offendeth all God’s senses, yea, his very soul. Isa 1:12-13 , &c.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
children. Hebrew sons.
thou shalt speak. Aaron now to give the orders about the sacrifices.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Take ye: Lev 4:23, Lev 16:5, Lev 16:15, Ezr 6:17, Ezr 10:19, Isa 53:10, Rom 8:3, 2Co 5:21, Tit 2:14, Heb 9:26-28, 1Pe 2:24, 1Pe 3:18, Rev 5:9
a kid: As the offering here is a kid, which was the sacrifice of the sin of the ruler, some think that the reading of the Samaritan and the LXX is to be preferred: “Speak unto the Elders of Israel.”
a calf: Lev 9:2
both: Lev 12:6, Lev 14:10, Lev 23:12, Exo 12:5
Reciprocal: Lev 3:12 – a goat Lev 5:7 – one Lev 9:15 – General Lev 10:16 – the goat Lev 16:3 – a ram for a burnt offering
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Lev 9:3. A sin-offering For the people, for whose sin a young bullock was required, Lev 4:15; but that was for some particular sin; this was more general for all their sins. Besides, there being an eye here to the priests consecration and entrance into his office, it is no wonder if there be some difference in these sacrifices from those before prescribed.