Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Luke 7:42
And when they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. Tell me therefore, which of them will love him most?
42. he frankly forgave them ] In the original, the one word , ‘he remitted,’ involving the idea of that free grace and favour ( charis) on which St Luke, like St Paul, is always glad to dwell. See Rom 3:24; Eph 2:8-9; Eph 4:32.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Frankly forgave – Freely forgave, or forgave entirely without any compensation. This is not designed to express anything about the way in which God forgives sinners. He forgives – forgives freely, but it is in connection with the atonement made by the Lord Jesus. If it was a mere debt which we owed to God, he might forgive, as this creditor did, without an equivalent. But it is crime which he forgives. He pardons as a moral governor. A parent might forgive a debt without any equivalent; but he cannot pardon an offending child without regarding his own character as a parent, the truth of his threatenings, the good order of his house, and the maintenance of his authority. So our sins against God, though they are called debts, are called so figuratively. It is not an affair of money, and God cannot forgive us without maintaining his word, the honor of his government, and law – in other words, without an atonement. It is clear that by the creditor here our Saviour meant to designate God, and by the debtors, sinners and the woman present. Simon, whose life had been comparatively upright, was denoted by the one that owed fifty pence; the woman, who had been an open and shameless sinner, was represented by the one that owed five hundred. Yet neither could pay. Both must be forgiven or perish. So, however much difference there is among people, all need the pardoning mercy of God, and all, without that, must perish.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Luk 7:42-43
He frankly forgave them both
Free forgiveness
There is one thing that is needful in all true religion–there is no religion without it–and that is love towards God.
It is quite true that some Christians love God more than others. Cannot you fancy what those two men went through? They would not each go through the same experience. There was a great difference between their cases. Take the first man. You can fancy his saying to himself: Well, it is a nasty thing, this little debt of mine; I wish I had not got so much behindhand; I do not quite know how I am going to clear it off, but I must try: perhaps my creditor will be content with a few instalments; if I pay him half a crown a week for such a time I shall begin to make a hole in the debt, and, ultimately, he may get it all: I must cast myself on his forbearance. The other can indulge in no such hope. Let one of you–a poor, labouring man, earning fifteen or eighteen shillings a week–put himself in that mans position. Just imagine yourself encumbered with a debt of a hundred pounds. How hopeless a thing it would seem to you; all your efforts to clear it off must fail; you might work almost to death, and yet the debt would be there still. We can fancy what took place in that mans house as the reckoning day drew near. The debt laws in those countries, you know, were terribly severe. His feeling is one of hopelessness. The prison looms up in view; he will be sold, and all that he hath, his children will be torn from him; his little home will be broken up. How desolate the man feels! Try to make him happy if you can. Go and talk cheerfully to him. Tell him to have good hope, to keep up his courage, and that sort of thing. You cannot bring a smile to the mans face; he looks as miserable as he can be. On his way he meets the other man, and he asks him what his business is. Well, says he, I have got an awkward affair–not very serious, but still awkward; I have a nasty little debt that I cannot settle; I am sure I dont know how the creditor will treat me; there are those fifty pence that I owe him; I know he has a right to exact them to the very last farthing, and I have nothing to pay; I do not know how he will deal with me. Well, what are you going to do? Oh, I am going to make a few proposals to him, and see if I cannot get him to take a few instalments, so that I may pay him off by degrees. What is your case, my poor fellow? You look very sad. Oh, mine is a far more serious case than yours. At last the great man stands before them. Well, he says, have you got your money? They both hang down their heads. Turning to one he says, Have you got your fifty pence? No, sir, I have not got it. Why have you not got it? Well, sir, the truth is, I have got no money–I am a bankrupt–I have nothing to pay. Then, turning to the other, he says, What have you got to say for yourself? Have you got your five hundred pence? His head hangs down; tears come into the strong mans eyes; his body quivers with emotion; he can hardly control himself. The next moment the mystery is solved. He frankly forgave them both. The one man rises to his feet, and says, Sir, I thank you. The other drops on his knees, and buries his head in his hands. He cannot thank his benefactor, he is too much overpowered. The one man feels, Well, he is very kind in his dealing with me. The other feels, He has saved me from ruin; I should have been utterly lost if this man had not acted such a generous part towards me. The one man goes out of the house with a kind of respectful feeling towards his benefactor. The other goes away with the feeling that he has been bought over, so to speak, by the benefactors goodness: that all that he has, and all that he is, belongs to that man who has stretched out his hand of forgiveness, and done him so unexpected a favour. Now, my dear friends, among the many figures which bring before us some idea of our sin, there are very few more suggestive than this figure of debt. Now, is there any difference between us in this respect? Yes, doubtless, there are shades of difference. Some owe more than others. Some have been more prodigal in wasting the Masters substance than others; but there are none of us who can say that they owe an inconsiderable debt. Friends, have you come to the point which these debtors reached? Have you discovered, that all your life, you have been heaping up debt, and that you have nothing to pay? What! will you tell me that these debtors did not know that they were forgiven? There are plenty of nominal Christians in our day who say, Ah! but then we cannot know that we are forgiven; we may have a faint idea about it, but we cannot know it. Did not these debtors know it? (W. HayAitken.)
The parable of the two debtors
This parable suggests a grave question, a question the answer to which branches out into many forms of practical truth. In the parable, the debtor who owes five hundred pence seems to have the advantage over the debtor who owes fifty. More is forgiven him, and he loves more; he is quit of the larger debt, and proves the better man. In the narrative, the Roman who is a sinner seems, in like manner, to have the advantage over the man who is a Pharisee–the harlot over the devotee. She is more open to the words of Christ, and, once forgiven, shows incomparably the warmer love. Now, if this parable and narrative stood alone, we might not care to raise the question, whether or not it is well to have sinned much–whether the greatest love springs from the most heinous transgressions, just as the fairest flowers and most fruitful trees spring from a plentifully manured soil? But they do not stand alone. The impression they make is deepened as we listen to other parables, as we turn to other narratives. (The two sons; the prodigal; the Pharisee and publican.) Is it, then, an advantage to have offended much, to have gone far and deep into sin? To suppose that to be the case is to utter a monstrous libel against God and man. Nevertheless the parables which seem to support this view subserve a most useful purpose; they contain truths which we are very apt to neglect, and suggest warnings of which we stand in constant need.
1. Observe that flagrant sinners are much more likely to discover that they are sinners than moralists and ritualists.
2. The much and the little of sin are for the most part measures of conscience, not of iniquity.
3. Christ does not teach us to run into sin, but to hate hypocrisy–the worst of sins.
4. Christ specially warns us against forming those hard judgments of our brethren, which of all men the unco guid are apt to form. (S. Cox, D. D.)
Loves foremost
I. WE MUST FIRST BE SAVED IN THE SAME MANNER AS OTHERS.
1. All are in debt; we must heartily own this to be our case.
2. None have anything to pay; we must confess this, without reserve, as being our own personal condition.
3. The loving Lord forgives in each case; personally we have exceeding great need of such remission. We must feel this.
4. In each case He forgives frankly, or without any consideration or recompense; it must be so with us. We must accept free grace and undeserved favour.
5. Out of this arises love. By a sense of free grace we begin to love our Lord; and in the same way we go on to love Him more.
II. WE MUST AIM AT A DEEP SENSE OF SIN.
1. It was the consciousness of great indebtedness which created the great love in the penitent woman. Not her sin, but the consciousness of it, was the basis of her loving character.
2. Where sin has been open and loud, there ought to be this specially humbling consciousness; for it would be an evidence of untruthfulness if it were not manifest (1Co 15:9).
3. Yet is it frequently found in the most moral, and it abounds in saints of high degree (1Jn 1:8).
4. It is to be cultivated.
III. THIS WILL LEAD TO A HIGHLY LOVING CARRIAGE TOWARDS OUR LORD.
1. We shall desire to be near Him, even at His feet.
2. We shall make bold confession, and shall do this at all risks.
3. We shall show deep humility, delighting even to wash His feet.
4. We shall exhibit thorough contrition, beholding Him with tears.
5. We shall render earnest service; doing all in our power for Jesus, as this woman did.
6. We shall make total consecration of all that we have; our tears, our choicest gifts, our hearts, ourselves. (C. H. Spurgeon.)
The parable of the two debtors
I. THE INCIDENT WHICH OCCASIONED THE PARABLE.
1. The anointing.
2. The woman.
3. The manner in which the Jews sat at meat.
4. The womans conduct.
(1) Her deep humility.
(2) Her ardent affection.
(3) Her grateful sacrifice.
5. The presumption which led Simon to his surmisings respecting Christ.
II. THE PARABLE ITSELF.
1. That sins against God are justly denominated debts.
(1) Because they imply the withholding from God what is due to Him.
(2) Because they render us liable to be cast into the prison of hell.
2. That all mankind are debtors to God, but in different degrees.
3. That no debtor to God is capable of paying the debt he owes.
4. That the forgiveness of our sins, or debts, is of the utmost importance to us.
5. That a consciousness of our own insolvency must precede our pardon.
6. That forgiveness may be confidently expected, when sought in the way of Gods appointment.
III. OUR LORDS APPLICATION OF THE PARABLE.
1. Just reproof wisely given. The evils reproved in the Pharisee were various and marked; including
(1) His unbelief in the Saviours mission.
(2) His self-esteem.
(3) His censoriousness.
(4) His want of respect for Christ.
2. Seasonable consolation graciously administered.
3. Divine instruction kindly suggested.
(1) That Christ is truly God. This is evident from His knowledge of Simons thoughts, and from the blessings He conferred.
(2) That forgiveness is certain to all true believers. (T. Gibson, M. A.)
The two debtors
I. MAN IS HERE REPRESENTED AS A DEBTOR. God as our Creator has an undoubted right to the universal obedience of His creatures. To Him we owe the consecration of every power and faculty, whether of mind or body. As moral Governor of the world, it is for Him to propound the rule of our duty; and accordingly He has given us a law, the transcript of His own Divine perfections, immutable in its demands, universal and perpetual in its obligations. But where is the individual who has kept it? There is none who has. Consider, each one, the vast number of your debts. They are too many to be told. Gods Book is full of them.
II. AMPLE PROVISION HAS BEEN MADE FOR THE FREE REMISSION OF THE UNTOLD DEBT. AS man is entirely ruined by sin, so he is entirely saved by the free grace of God. The debt is paid, justice is satisfied, God is glorified, and the sinner is saved. But by what mighty process has this been effected? God in the person of His Son appears as the Substitute for offenders. And it is a complete forgiveness, extending to the five hundred as well as to the fifty pence.
III. NOTICE ALSO THE GRATEFUL LOVE WHICH INVARIABLY FOLLOWS A SENSE OF PARDONING MERCY. DO not, however, imagine that the penitent women was forgiven because she loved much. Her love was not the procuring cause, but the effect, fruit, and evidence of the pardon she had received. Much had been forgiven her, therefore she loved her Saviour much in return. (James William, M. A.)
The two debtors
Our Lords immediate object in this parable was to defend the woman and justify His own allowance of her presence and expressions of affections. This defence and justification are accomplished when it is shown that the very familiarities which the Pharisee thought Jesus should have rebuked are the proof that the woman is forgiven, cleansed, and pure.
1. Christ points to the womans demonstrations of love to Him as proof that her sins are forgiven. His argument is, that she has been forgiven a debt, and therefore loves her creditor. It is Christ Himself she loves, and He therefore is the creditor who has forgiven her; but her debt was sin, transgression against God, and it is therefore God who is her true creditor. Christ thus identifies Himself with God, and in the simplest manner accepts love to Himself as if it were love to God, and as decisive evidence regarding the womans relation to the Highest. Love to Christ, therefore, is the measure and the pledge of purity.
2. Love to Christ is the result of forgiveness, and varies with the amount of debt forgiven. It is not, however, simply the amount of sin, but the sense of it, which is the measure of gratitude to Him who forgives it. (M. Dods, D. D.)
The two debtors
There are aggravated sinners who have no deep sense of sin, and there are great saints who regard themselves as the chief of sinners. The measure of ones gratitude for forgiveness is the conception which he has of his sin. He who makes light of his sin will make light also of salvation. But he who has a profound conviction of the evil of sin as the abominable thing which God hates, will have an overwhelming sense of Gods love in granting him forgiveness. The deeper an apprehension of the exceeding sinfulness of sin, the greater will be our love to Him who gives us deliverance from it. And where there is that sense of the hatefulness of sin, there will be no disposition to go deeper into it.
1. Let sinners of every name and degree be encouraged by this narrative to go at once to Christ. He will in no wise cast them out. A bruised reed was not deemed worthy of the shepherds trouble when he was piping in the field; and so he flung it away, and got another. Smoking flax gives an offensive odour; and rather than be annoyed with it, the housewife will take it out of the lamp, and tread upon it. But it was otherwise with Jesus. That which others would cast away, He sought to retain, and turn to good account. That which others would give up as hopeless, Be would not abandon.
2. If we would be successful in raising the fallen, and reclaiming the abandoned, we must be willing to touch them, and to be touched by them. In other words, we must come into warm, loving, personal contact with them. What an uplift Christ gave to the soul of this poor woman, when He, the pure and holy, let her thus approach Him! And this was His way all through His ministry. Contact is needed, if virtue is to go out. When the Lord wished to save the human race, He touched it by taking on Him our nature, without our natures pollution. So we must take the nature of the degraded, without its impurity, if we would help him. We must stoop to take him by the hand, or to let him grasp our hand, if we would lift him up.
3. If we wish to love God much, we must think much of what we owe to Him. Low views of sin lead to a light estimate of the blessing of pardon, and a light estimate of the blessing of pardon will lead to but a little love of God. This cuts deep, my brethren. Your love to God will be but the other side of your hatred of sin; and there, as it seems to me, is the radical defect in much of the religious experience of the day. Men make light of their obligation to Christ because they have first made light of sin. Low views of the evil of sin are at the root of all heresies in doctrine and all unholiness in life. Get rid of all such minimizing ideas of sin, I beseech you; and to that end come near the cross, for nowhere does sin seem so vile as it does there. (W. M. Taylor, D. D.)
Bankrupt debtors discharged
I. First, let us think of THEIR BANKRUPTCY. This was their condition. They were unquestionably in debt. If they could have disputed the creditors claim, no doubt they would bare done so. If they could have pleaded that they were never indebted, or that they had already paid, no doubt they would have been glad to have done so; but they could not raise a question; their debt could not be denied. Another fact was also clear to them, namely, that they had nothing to pay with. No doubt they had made diligent search; they had turned out their pockets, their cash-boxes, and their lockers, and they had found nothing: they had looked for their household goods, but these had vanished piece by piece. Now there are certain temptations to which all bankrupt sinners are much subject. One of these is to try and forget their spiritual estate altogether. Another temptation to a man in this condition is to make as good a show as he can. A man who is very near bankruptcy is often noticed for the dash he cuts. There are some men of like manners; they have nothing that they can offer unto God, but yet they exhibit a glittering self-righteousness. Another temptation which lurks in the way of a bankrupt sinner is that of making promises of what he will do. And thus do sinners too. Another temptation is, always to ask for more time–as if this was all that was needed. Settle this business before you attend to anything else. Take care that you face it, like an honest man, and not as one who makes the best of a bad story. One thing more: it will be your wisdom give up all attempts to pay, because you have nothing to pay with.
II. Our second head is, THEIR FREE DISCHARGE. He frankly forgave them both.
1. In this free discharge I admire, first of all, the goodness of the great Creditor. What a gracious heart He had! What kindness He showed! He said, Poor souls, you can never pay Me, but you need not be cast down because of it, for I freely cancel your debts. Oh, the goodness of it; Oh, the largeness of the heart of God! I was reading of Caesar the other day. He had been at fierce war with Pompey, and at last he conquered him, and when he conquered him he found among the spoil Pompeys private cabinet, in which were contained letters from the various noblemen and senators of Rome who had sided with him. In many a letter there was fatal evidence against the most eminent Romans, but what did Caesar do? He destroyed every document. He would have no knowledge of his enemies, for he freely forgave them and wished to know no more. In this Caesar proved that he was fit to govern the nation. But look at the splendour of God when He puts all our sins into one cabinet, and then destroys the whole.
2. Then, observe the freeness of it. They did not stand there and say, Oh, good sir, we cannot pay, and plead and beg as for their lives; but He freely said to them, You cannot pay, but I can forgive.
3. Furthermore, this debt was fully discharged.
4. A very effectual forgiveness too.
5. An eternal discharge.
III. I now beg your very special attention to the last point, and that is THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THIS BANKRUPTCY AND THIS FREE DISCHARGE. It is said, When they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. There is a time when pardon comes, and that time is when self-sufficiency goes. A sense of spiritual bankruptcy shows that a man has become thoughtful; and this is essential to salvation. Next, when we come to feel our bankruptcy, we then make an honest confession, and to that confession a promise is given–he that confesseth his sin shall find mercy. The two debtors had owned to their debts, and they had also openly confessed, though it must have gone against the grain a bit, that they could not pay. Under conviction a poor soul sees the reality of sin and of pardon. My dear hearer, you will never believe in the reality of forgiveness till you have felt the reality of sin. I do believe that the Lord will give us our quittance when we have got to our last farthing, and not till then, because only then do we look to the Lord Jesus Christ. Ah, my dear friends, as long as we have anything else to look to, we never will look to Christ. That blessed port into which no ship did ever run in a storm without finding a sure haven is shunned by all your gallant vessels: they will rather put into any port along the coast of self-deceit than make for the harbour which is marked out by the two lighthouses of free grace and dying love. We are emptied to be filled. When we cannot give, God can forgive. (C. H. Spurgeon.)
Two ways of discharging a debt
A debt may be paid, or it may be pardoned. If it is paid, the debtor owes no thanks to his creditor. If it is pardoned, gratitude for the grace is a duty. A man under a burden of debt ought to know whether he can pay what he owes, or whether his only hope is of being forgiven. If he has anything to offer, he ought to proffer it. If he has nothing to offer, he ought to say so, and implore forgiveness as an unmerited favour. These two ways of wiping out a debt ought never to be confounded. In the one case, a man looks for a receipt; in the other for a pardon. It is the same in the moral world as in the material. A man can either meet and discharge his moral obligations, or he cannot. It is the one thing or the other. Apologies or excuses are not a payment. Yet how common it is for one who has nothing to pay with to thrust forward an excuse or an apology in place of a request for forgiveness. This is always evasive and unmanly. Instead of saying, I forgot, or I didnt mean to, or It was a mistake, or It was an accident, we ought to come out frankly and unequivocally with the admission, I was wrong. Forgive me; or I failed to do as I agreed to do. Forgive me; or I did not do as I was directed to. Forgive me. Dont let us shirk our duty of asking forgiveness when we have nothing to pay with. (H. Clay Trumbull.)
A generous creditor
One Reuben Rouzy, of Virginia, owed the general about one thousand pounds. While President of the United States, one of his agents brought an action for the money; judgment was obtained, and execution issued against the body of the defendant, who was taken to gaol. He had a considerable landed estate, but this kind of property cannot be sold in Virginia for debts, unless at the discretion of the person. He had a large family, and for the sake of his children preferred lying in gaol to selling his land. A friend hinted to him that probably General Washington did not know anything of the proceeding, and that it might be well to send him a petition, with a statement of the circumstance. He did so, and the very next post from Philadelphia after the arrival of his petition in that city brought him an order for his immediate release, together with a full discharge, and a severe reprimand to the agent for having acted in such a manner. Poor Rouzy was, in consequence, restored to his family, who never laid down their heads at night without presenting prayers to Heaven for their beloved Washington. Providence smiled upon the labours of the grateful family, and in a few years Rouzy enjoyed the exquisite pleasure of being able to lay the one thousand pounds, with the interest, at the feet of this truly great man. Washington reminded him that the debt was discharged; Rouzy replied, the debt of his family to the father of their country and preserver of their parent could never be discharged; and the general, to avoid the pressing importunity of the grateful Virginian, who would not be denied, accepted the money; only, however, to divide it among Rouzys children, which he immediately did. (Arvine.)
Released from debt
There is a story of a rich Eastern master whose most skilful artizan began to fall off in his work. The master spoke to his steward about it. The steward replied: It is no wonder that the poor fellow cannot turn out good work. His hands tremble so that he cannot manage his tools; his eyes are so full of tears often that he cannot see what he is about. A heavy debt is pressing him, so that he even drinks to drown his sorrow. While that debt remains, you need not expect him to produce any more good work. Then, replied the generous master go and tell him that his debt is paid. From that hour the artizan was a changed man. His tears were dried and he plied his tools with a happy heart; his work was done better than ever before.
When they had nothing, to pay
1. Had man any ability left, and were able to do something towards the payment of the debt due; yet if he cannot do all, how is the debt paid? Let but twelve pence be wanting in the payment of a 100, the bond, you know, is not discharged; let light gold be tendered, will it be accepted? Our best works are full of imperfections (Isa 64:6).
2. All the good a man can do, though he do more then ever any man did, is itself a due debt, and how shall that go for a discharge of former debts? One debt will not discharge another, nor the payment of this years rent discharge the last years forfeiture. (N. Rogers.)
We are not only debtors but bankrupts
1. A bankrupt makes great show of what he hath not; so doth a sinner Pro 13:7).
2. A bankrupt will be borrowing of every, one, but pay none to whom he is indebted; thus the sinner borrows of all. Of God, of man, of the creatures; but that love, duty, service, that is expected, he performs not. Promises, vows, bonds, all are broken (Rom 1:1-32.).
3. A bankrupt will take up at high rates, and put off at low; buy dear, but sell cheap; so doth the sinner. Ahab takes up land, Naboths vineyard; Achan, a wedge of gold; Gehazi, a bribe; Esau, Jacobs pottage; Judas, thirty pence. All these took up their wares at dear rates, as do the sinners of these days. But one day will be forced to cry out with Lysimachus, How great a kingdom for how small a pleasure have I lost l
4. A bankrupt will be offering composition to his creditors; but it shall be very little, three or four shillings in the pound–it may be not so much. Thus deals the sinner; he will be offering a composition as Pharaoh did Exo 8:25).
5. A bankrupt cannot be trusted of any one that knows him, no more a sinner; God will not trust him (Job 4:18-19); Christ will not trust him (John if. 24); nor will the godly, if they be wise (Jer 9:14; Mic 7:2; Job 19:14-15). We may expect love and duty from them, but how can they pay who have nothing? (N. Rogers.)
Remission and forgiveness of sins is attainable
There is a possibility for a stoner to have his debts pardoned and remitted (Act 3:19; Act 10:43; Act 26:18).
1. The sacrifices under the law prefigured as much (Heb 5:1-14.).
2. The grounds are two:
(1) Mercy in God, who desireth not the death of a sinner (Eze 33:11). It is His name to be merciful; an attribute as infinite as Himself, it suits with His nature.
(2) Merit in Christ. By His sacrifice He satisfied Gods justice, and paid the debt of sin (1Co 15:9; Gal 1:4; Eph 1:7; Col 1:14; 1Jn 3:5; Heb 9:26). But whence is it that men are so careless in seeking after this one thing necessary?
Divers reasons may be rendered of this great neglect.
1. An erroneous judgment about the thing itself. Some think it is that which cannot be had, or if it be feasable, yet it is not so necessary as other blessings, which lies them more in hand to seek after. The error of which opinions what hath been said before, discovers.
2. This great neglect ariseth from want of due consideration of mens present states, they spend no thoughts this way; like bankrupts, they love not to cast up their accounts.
3. This ariseth in some through a bold presumption of Gods mercy, conceiting that God will forgive us our sins, though we take no pains about it.
4. God in forgiving sin, fully forgives it, no part of the debt is reserved to be exacted of us. (N. Rogers.)
Pardon requires increased care for the future
And, to conclude, be careful that we lay up safe our discharge and pardon, having once obtained it. How careful men are to lock up a general discharge from some pecuniary debts, we know well enough; but no discharge to this, so lay it up, that you may not have it to seek in the hour of temptations and trial. Such times you must expect, and then your acquittance, sealed with Christs blood, will stand you in much stead. Our carelessness this way often causeth God to hide from us the comfort of it, to the end that we may seek it up and keep it better. Thus we lay some piece of plate aside for a while to teach a careless child or servant to be more careful of it after it is returned. And thus much of the fulness of Gods pardoning. Come we now to the freeness of it. He frankly forgave them both. Whence observe we–Remission is of free grace and mercy; whom God forgives He forgives gratis. The pope indeed sells pardons; God sells none–what God doth this way He doth freely. (N. Rogers.)
Them both
1. Forgiveness and pardon is general to all that cast themselves on Gods free mercy for it.
2. God forgiveth great debts as well as small, hundreds as well as tens.
3. He who owes least stands (as well) in need of mercy and forgiveness as he who owes most.
Which of them will love Him most
God is truly loved of all those whose sins are pardoned. This is a truth granted and unquestioned. If need were, it might be further strengthened from sundry other texts (Psa 116:1; Psa 18:1; Son 3:2; Son 3:5; Php 3:8-9; Psa 119:132). How can it otherwise be? For every act of Gods special favour begets another in the heart of the godly like it. He choosing them, they choose Him again; He calls them, they call on Him; He loving them, they must needs again love Him. We love Him, saith St. John, because He loved us first. The cold stone cannot cast forth heat, as you know, till it be warmed by the sunbeams: being warmed by them, then it reflecteth back some of the heat which it received; thus is it with our cold hearts. (N. Rogers.)
I might use many arguments to put you on upon this pursuit. There is no duty hath more reasons to speak for it than this hath. I will name only two, which St. Bernard hath; the one is in respect of God, the other in regard of ourselves.
I. IN RESPECT OF GOD, and so nothing is more just and equal than that He should be loved of us.
1. This is that He doth require both in law and gospel (De Mat 22:38). It is the first and great commandment, and that on which all other acceptable services are grounded.
2. This is that He doth deserve, for hath not He placed in us that affection of love? Is it not a stream of that living fountain who is love itself (1Jn 4:8)? Now he that plants a vineyard should drink of the wine thereof, saith the apostle (1Co 9:7). And God who hath planted this affection in us, should chiefly taste of it Himself.
3. God hath manifested His love to us in giving His only beloved son for us Joh 3:16). He hath begun to us in the cup of love (1Jn 4:10). Is it not fit that we should pledge Him? It is an elegant observation of St. Bernard upon the Canticles; of all the motions and affections of the soul, none is so reciprocal as love.
4. Besides, there is nothing in God but deserves love; I will call upon God, saith David, who is worthy to be praised (Psa 18:3). So may we say truly, I will call upon the Lord, who is worthy to be loved. But if in case we set our love on any other object than the Lord, we become losers and not savers. By loving Him we are made better both in grace and glory. You know love assimilates the heart to the thing loved; so love of honour makes the heart proud; love of pleasure makes the heart vicious and loose, &c. And the love of God makes us to conform unto His image, and be like Him in holiness; thus we become better through our loving God in grace.
II. ALL THAT LOVE GOD DO NOT LOVE HIM WITH THE LIKE DEGREE OF LOVE. (N. Rogers.)
God seen in little love
They do not well to forget that Caesars image is not only seen in his coin of gold, but in his silver penny; and that this degree of love, though weak, is also the gift of God, and not to be despised Zec 4:10; 1Co 1:11; 1Co 3:1). He that made the elephant made the ant; the fly as well as the eagle; the poorest worm which creeps on the earth, as well as the most glorious angel, is the work of Gods hands, and He looks to be glorified in His least works as well as greatest. (N. Rogers.)
Small love not to be despised if it be growing
Give the humble daisy leave to grow, though it sprout not up to that height as doth the marigold. And let not him that joineth the frame despise him that heweth the timber or makes the pins; who so hath greatest degree of grace, let him use it to Gods glory, but no way despise his weak brother, who comes far short of his scantling. Let it serve for an encouragement to those whose hearts are newly warmed with the beams of love, though they find it not kindled to that height that others of Gods children have attained unto, It is not every ones portion to attain to that height of passion, so as to be sick of love. God takes in good part a growing and increasing love which maybe attained.
1. By enlarging our communion with God both in public and private duties. Strangeness, you know, breeds an overliness with men; so with God. The nearer the fire, the greater the heat; speak often to God by prayer, hear Him again speaking unto you by His Word and Spirit.
2. By weaning our hearts more and more from this world. You know superfluous branches draw the sap from the top boughs, and the love of the world draws the love of God out of our hearts, as we find in Demas (2Ti 4:9).
3. Carefully observe and call to mind the many and sweet experiences you have of Gods love and favour. The more plentiful our apprehension is of Gods love to us, the more will our hearts be enlarged to love Him again. (N. Rogers.)
Love
1. Inflamed or burning love will not be easily quenched; much water, many floods cannot do it (Son 8:7). It is firm and invincible, so that neither force nor fraud, promises nor persecutions, height nor depth, things present nor things to come, shall be able to prevail against 2:2. Love inflamed is still ascending. It hath earnest and affectionate longings after God, and to enjoy Him.
3. Inflamed love gives great light. It is like a fired beacon on a hill, all the country take notice of it. Such cannot forbear but they must be speaking in Gods praise, and admiring everything that is in Him. The tongue is the pen of a ready writer (Son 5:9). (N. Rogers.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 42. Which of them will love him most?] Which is under the greater obligation and should love him most?
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
And when they had nothing to pay,…. Neither the lesser nor greater debtor; for though not alike in debt, yet both insolvent: man has run out his whole stock, which the God of nature gave him, in his original creation and primitive state; and is become a bankrupt and a beggar, is poor, wretched, and miserable; he has no money, he has nothing to offer for a composition, much less for payment; he has no righteousness, and if he had, it would be nothing to pay with; since that itself, even in perfection, is due to God, and cannot discharge a former debt: sin being committed against an infinite being, is in some sense an infinite debt, and requires an infinite satisfaction, which a finite creature can never give; and he is therefore liable to a prison, and that for ever: but behold the wonderful grace of God, the creditor!
he frankly forgave them both: their whole debts, without regard to any merits of theirs, which they could not have, or any motives in them, or any conditions to be performed by them, but purely of his sovereign will, free grace, and rich mercy, though not without regard to the satisfaction of his Son; which by no means hinders the frankness of the pardon, or obscures the grace of it, but increases and illustrates it; seeing this satisfaction is of God’s own finding out, providing, and accepting; and is at his own expense, and without money and price, to the debtors:
tell me therefore, which of them will love him most; or “ought to love him most”, as the Ethiopic version. The Vulgate Latin, and all the Oriental versions, leave out the first part of this clause, “tell me”.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Will love him most ( ). Strictly, comparative
more , , not superlative , but most suits the English idiom best, even between two. Superlative forms are vanishing before the comparative in the Koine. This is the point of the parable, the attitude of the two debtors toward the lender who forgave both of them (Plummer).
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
Frankly forgave [] . Rev. omits frankly, which is implied in the verb. See on ver. 21.
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament
1) “And when they had nothing to pay,” (me echonton auton apodounai) “And they had nothing (no assets) to repay the debts,” as man has nothing to repay his sin-debt, Rom 3:23; Luk 13:5; Rom 6:23.
2) “He frankly forgave them both.” (amphoterois echarisato) “So he freely forgave them both,” of their debts to him. Out of grace, with mercy and compassion, he forgave them both of their entire debts, remitted their debts as a favor of free grace.
3) “Tell me therefore, which of them will love him more?” (tis oun auton pleion agapesei auton) “Who then of them (of the two) will love him the greater?” show him the greater gratitude or appreciation? Rom 5:15-16; Eph 1:7. Just which had done it that day, Simon, who invited Him to the meal but was inhospitable after He arrived, or the notorious woman who had anointed Him with expensive ointment?
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
42. Which will love him most No doubt each ought to love to the utmost of his power. The ruin of the least guilty is so utter, and forgiveness so great, that all the gratitude that his heart can hold is due. But as human nature is, which will feel the most intense emotions of gratitude for salvation?
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Luk 7:42. Which of them will love him most? Neither of them will love him at all before he has forgiven them. An insolventdebtor, till he is forgiven, does not love but fly his creditor. See the note on Luk 7:47.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
42 And when they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. Tell me therefore, which of them will love him most?
Ver. 42. And when they had nothing to pay ] We are all non-solvents, stark beggars, and bankrupts, having nothing of our own but sin and hell; nothing to say for ourselves why we should not to prison, but that of Augustine, Ego admisi, Domine, unde tu damnare potes me, sed non amisisti, unde tu salvare potes me; Lord, I have done enough to undo me for ever, but thou hast yet enough to make me happy for ever. I acknowledge the debt, that is all I can do. Oh cross the book, and draw the red lines of Christ’s blood over the black lines of my sins.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
42. ] What depth of meaning there is in these words, if we reflect WHO said them, and by what means this forgiveness was to be wrought! Observe that the . is pregnant with more than at first appears: how is this incapacity discovered to the creditor in the parable? how, but by themselves? Here then is the sense and confession of sin; not a bare objective fact, followed by a decree of forgiveness: but the incapacity is an avowed one, the forgiveness is a personal one, .
; ] The difficulty usually found in this question and its answer is not wholly removed by the subjective nature of the parable. For the sense of sin, if wholesome and rational, must bear a proportion, as indeed in this case it did, to the actual sins committed: and then we seem to come to the false conclusion, ‘The more sin, the more love: let us then sin, that we may love the more.’ And I believe this difficulty is to be removed by more accurately considering what the love is , which is here spoken of. It is an unquestionable fact, that the deepest penitents are, in one kind of love for Him who has forgiven them, the most devoted; in that, namely, which consists in personal sacrifice, and proofs of earnest attachment to the blessed Saviour and His cause on earth. But it is no less an unquestionable fact, that this love is not the highest form of the spiritual life; that such persons are, by their very course of sin, incapacitated from entering into the length, breadth, and height, and being filled with all the fulness of Christ; that their views are generally narrow, their aims onesided: that though be the greatest of the Christian graces, there are various kinds of it; and though the love of the reclaimed profligate may be and is intense of its kind, (and how touching and beautiful its manifestations are, as here!) yet that kind is not so high nor complete as the sacrifice of the whole life , the bud, blossom, and fruit, to His service to whom we were in baptism dedicated. For even on the ground of the parable itself, in that life there is a continually freshened sense of the need, and the assurance, of pardon, ever awaking devoted and earnest love.
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
Luk 7:42 . : a warmer word than , welcome to Lk. as containing the idea of grace. , like the of Socrates, but without his irony.
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
when they had nothing = not (Greek. me as in Luk 7:13) having anything.
most = more.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
42. ] What depth of meaning there is in these words, if we reflect WHO said them, and by what means this forgiveness was to be wrought! Observe that the . is pregnant with more than at first appears:-how is this incapacity discovered to the creditor in the parable? how, but by themselves? Here then is the sense and confession of sin; not a bare objective fact, followed by a decree of forgiveness: but the incapacity is an avowed one, the forgiveness is a personal one,-.
;] The difficulty usually found in this question and its answer is not wholly removed by the subjective nature of the parable. For the sense of sin, if wholesome and rational, must bear a proportion, as indeed in this case it did, to the actual sins committed: and then we seem to come to the false conclusion, The more sin, the more love: let us then sin, that we may love the more. And I believe this difficulty is to be removed by more accurately considering what the love is, which is here spoken of. It is an unquestionable fact, that the deepest penitents are, in one kind of love for Him who has forgiven them, the most devoted;-in that, namely, which consists in personal sacrifice, and proofs of earnest attachment to the blessed Saviour and His cause on earth. But it is no less an unquestionable fact, that this love is not the highest form of the spiritual life; that such persons are, by their very course of sin, incapacitated from entering into the length, breadth, and height, and being filled with all the fulness of Christ; that their views are generally narrow, their aims onesided:-that though be the greatest of the Christian graces, there are various kinds of it; and though the love of the reclaimed profligate may be and is intense of its kind, (and how touching and beautiful its manifestations are, as here!) yet that kind is not so high nor complete as the sacrifice of the whole life,-the bud, blossom, and fruit,-to His service to whom we were in baptism dedicated. For even on the ground of the parable itself, in that life there is a continually freshened sense of the need, and the assurance, of pardon, ever awaking devoted and earnest love.
Fuente: The Greek Testament
Luk 7:42. , when they had nothing) Therefore the debt is not paid by the love and grateful feeling which follow after.-, will love) Future. For the debtor, who is not able to pay, before the remission of the debt, flies from the creditor [rather than loves him].
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
when: Psa 49:7, Psa 49:8, Mat 18:25, Mat 18:26, Mat 18:34, Rom 5:6, Gal 3:10
he: Psa 32:1-5, Psa 51:1-3, Psa 103:3, Isa 43:25, Isa 44:22, Jer 31:33, Jer 31:34, Dan 9:18, Dan 9:19, Mic 7:18-20, Mat 6:12, Act 13:38, Act 13:39, Rom 3:24, Rom 4:5-8, Eph 1:7, Eph 4:32, Col 3:13
Reciprocal: Exo 34:7 – forgiving Deu 15:2 – exact it 2Sa 14:13 – Wherefore Mat 18:24 – owed Luk 7:47 – Her Luk 10:36 – thinkest Luk 13:4 – sinners Luk 16:5 – his Joh 19:11 – the greater 2Co 5:14 – the love
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
NOTHING TO PAY
They had nothing to pay.
Luk 7:42
In this parable of the two debtors, as well as in another of His parables, our Lord teaches us that our sins are like so many debts which we owe to Almighty God, and that we cannot possibly pay them ourselves. Endless are the devices by which men, deceived by their own hearts and by the suggestions of Satan, contrive to persuade themselves that they have something to pay. But it is all of no use. Not what a man has done or felt, nor what he has avoided doing, can make him stand acquitted at the great day of reckoning, and gain him his discharge.
I. The debt paid.Only One ever lived a perfect, holy, and sinless life on earththe Man Christ Jesus. He, and He alone, perfectly fulfilled the law of God. Jesus Christ is more than man. He is God. He did not come into the world as all other men come without any choice of their own. He, being the Eternal Son of the Eternal God, became man of His own will, and the union in Him of the Godhead with the Manhood gave to His human life and death an infinite value, so as to atone for all the sins of all the generations of men that ever lived or shall live. Thus He was able to give His life a ransom for many. He has paid the whole debt for each and every one.
II. The Atonement appropriated.You and I have to believe thisto take God at His word: God so loved the worldthis poor, perishing world of helpless sinnersthat He gave His only-begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life. Can words be plainer? You and I must trust with all our hearts in Christin His perfect work, His all-atoning Sacrifice, His precious blood.
III. What follows.If we believe this, and put all our dependance on Christ alone for pardon and acceptance with God, what will follow? What will be the effect? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? Shall we cast away all Church ordinances as useless? God forbid. But we shall see them in their proper light. Trust in itself is not enough unless we are brought into sacramental union with Christ. It is not only our belief in Him but His life in us which will save us. We shall not put the sacraments in the place of Christ. We shall be diligent and earnest in prayer, in worship, and in the study of the Scriptures, as helps to a holy life of grateful love and service. We shall highly value the sacraments as privileges granted to Gods reconciled children in Christ Jesus. We shall give alms liberally, and be forward in works of mercy and love, as ways of showing our love and gratitude for the love and mercy that has been shown to us. We shall love much, feeling that to us much has been forgiven. If our faith in Christ crucified does not produce such fruits as these, it cannot be a real, a saving faith.
Rev. J. E. Vernon.
Fuente: Church Pulpit Commentary
2
The question was based on the comparative favors each debtor received.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Luk 7:42. And when they had not wherewith to pay. They found out and confessed that they could not pay the debt. It is true that sinners have nothing, but the verse brings out rather the discovery than the fact itself. Grateful love does not pay any part of the debt, according to the parable.
He forgave both. Frankly means freely; but there is only one word in the original, for frankly forgave. The forgiveness was real and personal. It does not represent an indiscriminate forgiveness of those unconscious of sin and of inability to atone for it, hence not seeking pardon in penitence and confession. The fact, not the ground, of forgiveness is here brought.