Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Proverbs 3:14
For the merchandise of it [is] better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold.
14. the merchandise of it ] Comp. Mat 13:45-46, where this proverb is expanded into a parable. The same idea of trading in the moral and spiritual sphere occurs in Pro 11:19, Pro 23:23; Job 28:15-19.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Compare Pro 2:4. Fine gold is apparently a technical word of that commerce, the native gold in the nugget or the dust.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Pro 3:14
For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold.
The honour, profit, and pleasure of religion
It is an unquestionable truth, that to walk in the paths which God has enjoined, is to secure to ourselves the most perfect felicity which our present state will admit; and that our misery and unhappiness arise in proportion to our deviation from that peaceful and pleasant path. If you are wise enough to lay hold of and retain this excellent wisdom–
1. Honour shall be yours.
2. Profit shall be yours. Who can doubt of the advantages which will accompany our sincere profession of religion? Advantages in time and in eternity.
3. Pleasure shall be yours. Religion affords the mind the most complete and substantial satisfaction. (W. Dodd, LL. D.)
A gainful merchandise
Wisdom is compared and contrasted with other possessions. It is merchandise. There is a most pleasant excitement in the prosecution of mercantile enterprise. It gives full play to all the faculties. Those who prosecute have their wits more sharpened than other sections of the community. The plans are contrived, and the calculations made . . . What of the merchandise for a more distant country than that to which his goods are going–what of the traffic for eternity? Are there no careful calculations, no instructive longings, no vivid imaginings, as to its condition and progress? This merchandise is better and more gainful than any other. The world contains not any such promising field for speculation. It opens up a richer and surer market than any port of Time. It is a treasure that cannot be taken away. (W. Arnot, D.D.)
The treasures of wisdom
Man is the only trading animal; commerce is his prerogative. The blazon of his trade, or exchange, is his patent of nobility. There is no distinction more honourable. There is no earthly title nobler than a merchant; and as such they are the controlling class in society–the chieftains and nobles of the later civilisation. Without them, there could be no division of labour, and consequently no accumulation of capital, and therefore no education, no literature, no science, no fine art, no true civilisation. The term merchant is altogether honourable and honoured, and therefore, and as such, is aptly metaphorical of a true Christian. Consider some points of resemblance.
I. The true merchant is a man of strong faith. Indeed, in regard of temporal things, he above all other men may be said to walk by faith. His barks are on the sea, and the sea is treacherous. His goods are consigned to men who may be plotting to defraud him. His ability to meet obligations depends on media of exchange, which some financial panic may paralyse in a moment. Yea, his walk by faith goes far beyond this. His business extends practically to the very ends of the earth, to lands he has never seen, and with races of men with whom he has never mingled. And thus in this walk by faith he is a fit emblem of a Christian.
II. The true merchant is a man of great earnestness and activity. His faith is not an indolent trust, but an energising principle.
III. The true merchant is a man practically and pre-eminently useful. His wares are of real value–his labours sincere benefactions. Traced carefully back to their origin, to mercantile enterprise under God, must be ascribed all real human progress, from the hut and hunting spear of the earlier barbarism to the palaces and emporiums of the last civilisation. It is the merchant who has bridged the oceans and united continents; covered the seas with sails and the land with machinery.
IV. Especially in these particulars must every Christian be like unto a merchantman, for–
1. He must be a man of strong faith. This is essentially and every way the foundation of his character. He must rely confidently for his salvation on another, and live ever in reference to the far-away and invisible.
2. A. Christian must be an active and earnest man. That indolent reliance on Christ, which some men call faith, is a fearful delusion of the great adversary. While we can do nothing to merit salvation, yet we must do very much to work out our salvation. The high calling of God in Christ Jesus is not a lullaby over a cradle, but a great voice out of heaven saying, Come up hither.
3. A Christian must be a useful man. The law of his life is that of his Master, not to be ministered unto, but to minister.
4. But we are not to forget that while thus beneficent to other men, a Christian, like a merchant, is above all, and ineffably, benefiting himself. This, indeed, is the main truth set forth in the emblem. Mark the language, The merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver. It is implied here that this trading of the merchant in earthly products is good because profitable. But the Christians exchanging of temporal for eternal things is affirmed to be obviously better, because ineffably more profitable.
(1) Because of the security of the transaction. All material commerce is manifestly with a hazard. But not so the spiritual. The Christians trust is in nothing finite, but in the living God. His bark cannot founder, for Christ sails with him. Thieves cannot steal his treasure, for it is laid up in heaven.
(2) Because the treasure it secures is infinitely more valuable. This, indeed, is the great truth of the whole passage. We have here a most beautiful climax of all earths rarest and richest things. Silver, gold, rubies, all in their rarest purity and richest abundance, are declared to be of inferior value. Yea, the inspired penman affirms that all things the human heart can desire are not to be compared with his. And if you will remember that this is the testimony, not of some poor, unsuccessful man, but of Solomon–of Solomon, too, at a period of his experience when he had tested, as no other man ever did, the worth of all earthly things–not the utterance of one who, disappointed in his struggle for riches, pleasure, honour, turns in melancholy misanthropy away, to rail at the world and call it hard names, and scold from a hermits cell, or a priests pulpit; but of a crowned king in a palace, on a throne, around whom the world delighted to gather all the prizes of lifes mightiest triumphs, then you will take his testimony as demonstrated, that the treasure secured by Christian life is letter than all the results of an earthly commerce. (C. Wadsworth, D.D.)
Wisdom for the children
This Book of Proverbs is a manual of conduct. It is not intended to make its readers learned men, but to make them wise men. We begin to be wise when we fear God, and to fear Him is always the chief part of wisdom. Some parts of the book are specially intended for the young. Its authors saw clearly that character is largely formed in childhood and youth. Hence strong emphasis is placed on the importance of the firm and wise discipline of children and young people; and there are grave and repeated warnings against the sins to which the young are specially tempted. If we are to achieve any great and enduring reformation in the condition of this country, and of the world, there must be an intelligent, a serious, a persistent endeavour to give to children and young people true conceptions of the possible dignity of human life, the gracious sternness of duty, the freedom and blessedness which are to be found in the service of God. Children are the salvation of the race. There is a new world created every thirty or forty years. There lies our hope. What ought we to teach the children?
I. Wisdom. What they need to know for the conduct of life: how to live. Our first duty is to make God known to them. And the Christian method of doing that is to bring home to them constantly the great truth that having seen Christ we have seen the Father. All that Christ was, all that He said, must be accepted as containing disclosures of the life of the Father. The Christian conception of life is founded on the Christian gospel. Wisdom consists in a clear and just estimate of what are the true ends of life, and in the power to determine how life should be ordered so as to secure those ends, but for this we must know what Gods relations to us are. The great Christian truths have a direct relation to life; they determine the laws of life; they are the forces which enable us to fulfil those laws.
II. Understanding. This denotes the power of accurate discrimination between things which may seem to be alike; in this sense, understanding is one of the aids and instruments by which wisdom is able to direct conduct. In most men the perception of duty is often dim and uncertain. Men who mean to do right do wrong because they cannot clearly see the line by which right and wrong are separated. Therefore the plain duties of human life and relationship should be taught to children. The duties of industry, truthfulness, equal justice, temperance, patience, fortitude, good temper, courtesy, and modesty. Much more in the way of direct moral instruction, for securing a proper understanding of life and relations, could be done both in the school and in the family. (R. W. Dale, LL.D.)
The value of mental cultivation
Even in the sense of mere mental cultivation this is true. A well-informed, well-stored mind is an acquirement greatly superior in real excellence to aught that is merely external–to wealth, or to all the outward distinction that wealth can procure. It is a source of more rational and richer enjoyment to the persons self, and a far worthier ground of respectability and honour. There are few objects really more pitiable than an ignorant, senseless rich man–a man whose mind, in its unfurnished poverty and emptiness, presents a perpetual contrast with his outward pomp and plenitude. (R. Wardlaw, D.D.)
The best merchandise
Why is the merchandise of wisdom better than the merchandise of silver?
1. Because it is a business you can begin sooner than you can any other.
2. Because it is easier to trade in. It requires less money and less labour to carry it on.
3. Because you can have better partners here than in any other pursuits.
4. Because it yields more profit than any other.
5. Because there is more room for engaging in it than in any other. We are all fitted for it, and invited to engage in it. (R. Newton, D.D.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 14. For the merchandise] sachar, the traffic, the trade that is carried on by going through countries and provinces with such articles as they could carry on the backs of camels, c. from sachar, to go about, traverse. Chaffarynge; Old MS. Bible.
And the gain thereof] tebuathah, its produce; what is gained by the articles after all expenses are paid. The slaves, as we have already seen, got their liberty if they were so lucky as to find a diamond of so many carats’ weight; he who finds wisdom-the knowledge and salvation of God – gets a greater prize; for he obtains the liberty of the Gospel, is adopted into the family of God, and made an heir according to the hope of an eternal life.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
It is more necessary and advantageous, because it is so, not only for this short life, but also to the future and everlasting life, in which gold and silver bear no price.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
14, 15. The figure of Pr3:13 carried out.
itthat is, wisdom.
merchandise ofsilveracquisition by trading.
fine golddug gold,solid as a nugget.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
For the merchandise of it [is] better than the merchandise of silver,…. The believer is a spiritual merchant; faith is a trading with and for Christ, and for spiritual and heavenly things by him; and because there is a parting with something for Christ, as a man’s sinful lusts and pleasures, his own righteousness, his friends and relations, when set in opposition to or competition with him, and even life itself, when called for; and because he runs a risk of suffering reproach, afflictions, and death itself; therefore this concern with him, and enjoyment of him, is called a “merchandise”, which is “better than [that] of silver”, or than silver which is got by merchandise: for Christ, and the things of Christ, are more valuable than silver, and to be preferred unto it; more useful and profitable than silver is, which a man may have a large abundance of, and lose his soul, whereas by Christ is the salvation of it; more satisfying than silver is, with which a man is never satisfied, whereas he that has Christ has enough, having all things; more pleasant in obtaining, and more safe in enjoying; a great deal of anxiety and vexation attend the one, and inexpressible pleasure the other; and more durable and lasting than that, the enjoyment of Christ is for ever;
and the gain thereof than fine gold; the doctrines and ordinances of Christ are more to be desired than gold, yea, than fine gold; the blessings of grace by Christ, such as redemption, pardon of sin, c. are not obtained by corruptible things, as silver and gold, but are more precious than they and even the graces of Christ in the hearts of his people, as faith, hope, and love, are more precious than gold that perisheth; and much more preferable must he himself be, and the gain that accrues to a believer by him, which is cent per cent an hundred fold, even in this world, and in the world to come everlasting life: it is all clear gain a believer gets by Christ and trading with him; he has him, and all with him, without money and without price; he has that which is more worth than the gain of the whole world, even the salvation of his immortal soul; the riches he has by Christ are immense and unsearchable, the riches of grace and glory; it cannot be said how great this gain is.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Pro 3:14 For the merchandise of it [is] better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold.
Ver. 14. For the merchandise of. ] That is, The profit that is gotten by making use of it. K , saith a father. Seldom is any man weary of making money. Sing a song of utile, and men will lend their ears to it. The Jassians in Strabo, delighted with the music of an excellent harper, ran all away, as soon as the market bell rang, save a deaf old man, and he too, as soon as he heard of it. Now “godliness is profitable to all things,” as having the promises of both lives; and the promises are “exceeding great and precious” things, 2Pe 1:4 even “the unsearchable riches of Christ,” Eph 3:8 who brings “gold tried in the fire,” and that which is better. Rev 3:18 For one grain of grace is far beyond all the gold of Ophir, and one hour’s enjoyment of God to be much preferred before all the king of Spain’s annual tribute. What is gold and silver, but the guts and garbage of the earth? And what is all the pomp and glory of the world, but dung and dogs’ meat? Php 3:7-8 I esteem them no better (surely) that I may win Christ, said St Paul, that great trader both by land and sea. 2Co 11:23 ; 2Co 11:25-26 Let me be put to any pain, to any loss, tantundem ut Iesum nanciscar, so I may get my Jesus, said Ignatius. This gold we cannot buy too dear, whatever we pay for it. The wise merchant sells all to purchase it. Mat 13:44 ; Mat 13:46 Every true son of Jacob will be content to part with his broth for the birthright, to purchase spiritual favours with earthly. “The Lord that made heaven and earth, bless thee out of Sion”; Psa 134:3 which is to say, the blessings that come out of Sion are choice, peculiar, precious, even above any that come out of heaven and earth. When God is shaking all nations, Hag 2:7 the saints shall come with their desirable things (so some read the words). Colligent omnes thesauros suos, saith Calvin, They shall gather up all their treasures.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
the merchandise of it: i.e. literal, her merchandise.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Pro 2:4, Pro 8:10, Pro 8:11, Pro 8:19, Pro 16:16, 2Ch 1:11, 2Ch 1:12, Job 28:13-19, Psa 119:72, Psa 119:111, Psa 119:162, Mat 16:26, Phi 3:8, Phi 3:9, Rev 3:18
Reciprocal: 1Ki 10:8 – happy are these 2Ch 9:7 – General Rev 18:11 – buyeth