Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Psalms 27:3
Though a host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this [will] I [be] confident.
3. The language may be figurative, but is more natural, if the writer was, like David, actually exposed to war’s alarms. Cp. Psa 3:6.
in this ] In the truth of Psa 27:1. But it is better to render with R.V., even then, in spite of opposing armies.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Though an host – Though an army; that is, any army, or any number of men in battle array. The past interposition of God in similar times of trouble and danger was to him a sufficient security that he had nothing to fear.
Should encamp against me – In battle array, or prepared for battle.
My heart shall not fear – He would not tremble; he would not feel that there was anything of which to be afraid. God had shown Himself superior to the power of hostile armies, and the psalmist felt assured that he might confide in Him.
Though war should rise against me – Though it should be proclaimed, and though all preparation should be made for it, I will not be afraid.
In this will I be confident – In such a case, in such an extremity or emergency, I would calmly trust in God. He would apprehend no danger, for he had seen that the Lord could deliver him.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Psa 27:3
My heart shall not fear.
A stout heart
These are the words of a veteran, not of a raw recruit in the battle of life. A first disaster brings consternation; a ripened experience alone can take calamity calmly. God educates His servants by hard discipline, in conflict with the forces of evil; and He educates the world by calling it to watch the contest.
I. in the strife between good and evil, the good seems to be fearfully overmatched. The host of Midian were as grasshoppers for multitude, but the Israelitish army consisted of three hundred picked men. The Christians in workshops are but a feeble minority. Temples of vice are more crowded and longer open than Christian churches. The Devils recruits far outnumber those of the Prince of Peace.
II. evil ever appears to be hanging over the heads of the godly. To take a Christian stand is to expose oneself to ridicule and to danger. The struggle seems to be a hopeless one, both against the evil without and the evil within. Many an earnest Christian is fearful at times, lest the evil within should finally overmaster him. There seem to be times when the spirit of the lotos-eaters takes possession of us, and we feel that we must take a rest, and let sin sweep over us. Were it not better to make peace with powerful evils rather than contend longer against them?
III. but the threat of disaster is worse than the reality. The Devils bark is more frequent than his bite. Many a dark cloud passes without bursting with the threatening storm. The darkest hour is often that before the dawn. In any case, to treat a threatening evil as an actual one is to suffer needlessly. The coward dies a thousand deaths before he dies once. Courage! Do not yield to evil because the siege is a strait one.
IV. apparent odds are no test of ultimate victory. He who has not lost courage is master of the future. It is not true to say that God is on the side of the biggest battalions. What of Gideons three hundred, and the ten thousand Greeks at Marathon? What, too, of the immense hosts of the Spanish Armada? Gods greatest victories have been won by the smallest and apparently most feeble forces.
V. the suffering of apparent defeat in the cause of right is but sharing the burden of God. The hermit who stopped the gladiatorial contests at the cost of his own life, chose a nobler lot than they did who occupied seats of honour in the amphitheatre; and we all see it now, though few saw it then. We may do more for Gods cause by our suffering than we could by our prosperity. How can man die better?
VI. the calm endurance of calamity brings its own blessings. A regiment is of but little use in battle until it has been shot over. The tried man is the blessed man. By such endurance we bring a nobler ideal nearer to men. And we secure the sympathy of the noblest souls for truth and righteousness. (R. C. Ford, M. A.)
Fortitude
Fortitude is opposed to timidity, irresolution, a feeble and wavering spirit. It is placed, like other virtues, between two extremes: at an equal distance from rashness on the one hand, and pusillanimity on the other.
I. the high importance of fortitude.
1. Without some degree of fortitude, there can be no happiness; because, amidst the thousand uncertainties of life, there can be no enjoyment of tranquillity. The man of feeble and timorous spirit lives under perpetual alarms. On the first shock of adversity he desponds. On the other hand, firmness of mind is the parent of tranquillity. It enables one to enjoy the present without disturbance; and to look calmly on dangers that approach, or evils that threaten in future. It suggests good hopes. It supplies resources. It allows a man to retain the full possession of himself, in every situation of fortune.
2. If fortitude be thus essential to the enjoyment of life, it is equally so to the proper discharge of all its most important duties. He who is of a cowardly mind is, and must be, a slave to the world. He fashions his whole conduct according to its hopes and fears. He smiles, and fawns, and betrays, from abject considerations of personal safety. He can neither stand the clamour of the multitude, nor the frowns of the mighty. The wind of popular favour, or the threats of power, are sufficient to shake his most determined purpose.
3. Without this temper of mind, no man can be a thorough Christian. For his profession, as such, requires him to be superior to that fear of man which bringeth a snare; enjoins him, for the sake of a good conscience, to encounter every danger; and to be prepared, if called, even to lay down his life in the cause of religion and truth.
II. the proper foundations of fortitude.
1. A good conscience. There can be no true courage, no regular persevering constancy, but what is connected with principle, and founded on a consciousness of rectitude of intention. This, and this only, erects that brazen wall which we can oppose to every hostile attack. It clothes us with an armour, on which fortune will spend its shafts in vain. What has he to fear, who not only acts on a plan which his conscience approves, but who knows that every good man, nay, the whole unbiassed world, if they could trace his intentions, would justify and approve his conduct?
2. He knows, at the same time, that he is acting under the immediate eye and protection of the Almighty. The consciousness of such an illustrious spectator invigorates and animates him. He trusts that the eternal Lover of righteousness not only beholds and approves, but will strengthen and assist; will not suffer him to be unjustly oppressed, and will reward his constancy in the end, with glory, honor, and immortality.
III. considerations which may prove auxiliary to the exercise of virtuous fortitude in the midst of dangers.
1. It is of high importance to every one, who wishes to act his part with becoming resolution, to cultivate a religious principle, and to be inspired with trust in God. The more firmly this belief is rooted in the heart, its influence will be more powerful in surmounting the fears which arise from a sense of our own weakness or danger. The records of all nations afford a thousand remarkable instances of the effect of this principle, both on individuals and on bodies of men. Animated by the strong belief of a just cause, and a protecting God, the feeble have waxed strong, and despised dangers, sufferings, death.
2. Let him who would preserve fortitude in difficult situations, fill his mind with a sense of what constitutes the true honour of man. It consists not in the multitude of riches, or the elevation of rank; for experience shows that these may be possessed by the worthless, as well as by the deserving. It consists in being deterred by no danger when duty calls us forth; in fulfilling our allotted part, whatever it may be, with faithfulness, bravery, and constancy of mind. These qualities never fail to stamp distinction on the character.
3. But in order to acquire habits of fortitude, what is of the highest consequence is to have formed a just estimate of the goods and evils of life, and of the value of life itself. For here lies the chief source of our weakness and pusillanimity. We over-value the advantages of fortune; rank and riches, ease and safety. (H. Blair, D. D.)
Dauntless courage
A Dutch fleet once drew near to Chatham. Fearing it might effect a landing, the Duke of Albemarle determined to prevent it, and endeavoured to inspire his men with his own dauntless spirit. Calmly he took his position in the front, thus exposing himself to the hottest fire from the hostile ships. An affectionate but over-cautious friend, seeing him in such danger, darted forward, seized him by the arm, and exclaimed, Retire, I beseech you, from this fierce shower of bullets, or you will be a dead man! The Duke, releasing himself from his grasp, turned coldly on the man who would tempt him to cowardice in the hour of his countrys need, and replied, Sir, if I had been afraid of bullets I should have given up the profession of a soldier long ago. (Quiver.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 3. Though a host should encamp against me] I am so confident of the Almighty’s protection, that were I alone, and encompassed by a host, I would not fear. I am in the hand of God; and while in that hand, I am safe.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
In that which I have now said, that God is my light, &c., Psa 27:1, and in the experience of his favour and protection, Psa 27:2.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
3. In the greatest dangers.
in thisthat is, then,in such extremity.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Though an host should encamp against me,…. An host of the ungodly, as the Targum; though ever so many of them, even ten thousands of them, as in Ps 3:6; should beset him on every side;
my heart shall not fear; for not only the angels of the Lord encamped about him, as they do about all that fear the Lord; but salvation was appointed for walls and bulwarks about him; yea, the Lord himself was a wall of fire around him, and he was kept as in a garrison by the power of God;
though war should rise against me: in all its terrible shapes:
in this [will] I [be] confident; either in this war, in the midst of it; or in this that he had expressed, Ps 27:1; that the Lord was his light, his salvation, and the strength of his life; so the Jewish writers e: or as others f, in this one thing, desired in Ps 27:4; but either of the former senses is best, especially the latter of them. Saints need not be afraid, though there is a war within them between the flesh and spirit; and though without are fightings with Satan and his principalities and powers; since they may be confident of victory, and that they are more than conquerors, through Christ that has loved them.
e Jarchi, Kimchi, & Aben Ezra in loc. f Some in Aben Ezra in loc.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
3. Though armies should encamp. He infers from his former experience, as I have already mentioned, that whatever adversity may befall him, he ought to hope well, and to have no misgivings about the divine protection, which had been so effectually vouchsafed to him in his former need. He had asserted this, indeed, in the first verse, but now, upon farther proof of it, he repeats it. Under the terms, camps and armies, he includes whatever is most formidable in the world: as if he had said, Although all men should conspire for my destruction, I will disregard their violence, because the power of God, which I know is on my side, is far above theirs. But when he declares, My heart shall not fear, this does not imply that he would be entirely devoid of fear, — for that would have been more worthy of the name of insensibility than of virtue; but lest his heart should faint under the terrors which he had to encounter, he opposed to them the shield of faith. Some transfer the word translated in this to the following verse, meaning that he was confident that he would dwell in God’s house; but I am of opinion that it belongs rather to the preceding doctrine. For then does faith bring forth its fruit in due season, when we remain firm and fearless in the midst of dangers. David, therefore, intimates, that when the trial comes, his faith will prove invincible, because it relies on the power of God.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(3) Though an host.Literally, Though a camp should encamp.
In this.Either in this circumstance or in spite of this. (Comp. Psa. 78:32.) The LXX. , followed by in the next clause, seems to refer it to the hope about to be expressed. The Rabbinical commentators (e.g., Aben Ezra and Rashi) refer back to the beginning of the psalm. In thisviz., that Jehovah is my lightdo I trust. Rosenmiiller refers it to the battle just mentioned, in ipsa pugna.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
3. Though a host See Psa 3:6, on same occasion.
In this will I be confident In spite of this, or for all this, I will trust. These first three verses are an outbreathing of the courage of faith.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Though a host should encamp against me,
My heart shall not fear.
Though war should rise against me,
Even then will I be confident.
In the light of YHWH’s presence with him nothing could stand against him. Whether it be an enemy encamped against him, and he had seen many of those, or whether it be open war, he had nothing to be afraid of, for his confidence lay in the One Who was mighty in battle, YHWH of hosts (Psa 24:8; Psa 24:10). In quietness and in confidence would be his strength (Isa 30:15). Our enemies may be of a different kind, especially the enemies of the soul (Eph 6:12), but the One Who is our light and our salvation will deliver us from them all as we clothe ourselves in His armour (Eph 6:10-18) and walk with Him (Mat 10:28).
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Psa 27:3. In this will I be confident Yet would I rely upon this; namely, upon the divine protection; which is described in the two next periods, in the figurative terms of being admitted to dwell in the house of the Lord, where no enemy could approach to hurt him. See Psa 31:21; Psa 91:1 and Green.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Psa 27:3 Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this [will] I [be] confident.
Ver. 3. Though an host should encamp against me ] See Psa 3:6 , See Trapp on “ Psa 3:6 “ We should propound the worst to ourselves (the best will bring with it, as we say), especially if we find our faith to be in heart and vigour, as here David’s was.
Though war should rise against me
In this will I be confident
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
In this = in spite of this. In Psa 27:1 we have the foundation of his confidence; in Psa 27:2, the need of it; and in Psa 27:3, the exercise of it.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
host: Psa 3:6, Psa 52:6, 2Ki 6:15-17, 2Ch 20:15, Phi 1:28, 1Pe 3:14
war: 1Sa 28:15, 1Sa 28:16, Isa 41:11, Isa 41:12, Isa 54:16, Isa 54:17, Rom 8:35-37, Rev 2:10, Rev 12:7-11
in: 2Co 5:6-8
Reciprocal: Jdg 6:33 – Then all 1Sa 19:8 – David 2Ki 6:16 – Fear not Est 5:9 – he was full Job 5:20 – in war Psa 46:2 – will Mar 13:7 – when Joh 18:4 – Whom Rom 5:4 – and experience
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
27:3 Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in {b} this [will] I [be] confident.
(b) That God will deliver me and give my faith the victory.