Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Psalms 78:5
For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:
5. a testimony a law ] Not the Mosaic legislation generally, but the express precept which enjoined upon Israelite parents the duty of teaching their children the great facts of Israel’s history, that the remembrance of them might be handed down from generation to generation. See Exo 10:2; Exo 12:26-27; Exo 13:8 ff., Exo 13:14; Deu 4:9; Deu 6:20 ff. Cp. in the N.T. 2Ti 2:2.
that they should make them known ] Them refers to “the things which we have heard and known” &c., Psa 78:3-4. Cp. Deu 4:9.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
For he established a testimony in Jacob – He ordained or appointed that which would be for a witness for him; that which would bear testimony to his character and perfections; that which would serve to remind them of what he was, and of his authority over them. Any law or ordinance of God is thus a standing and permanent witness in regard to his character as showing what he is.
And appointed a law in Israel – That is, He gave law to Israel, or to the Hebrew people. Their laws were not human enactments, but were the appointments of God.
Which he commanded our fathers … – He made it a law of the land that these testimonies should be preserved and faithfully transmitted to future times. See Deu 4:9; Deu 6:7; Deu 11:19. They were not given for themselves only, but for the benefit of distant generations also.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Psa 78:5-8
For He established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel . . . that they should make them known to their children.
The parents prerogative: how is it used
Dr. Adam Clarke reminds us that there are no less than five generations specified in these verses. God has blessed no age for its own sake only. There is a chain of Divine purposes in the history of Gods dealings with men, one link of which joins another in continuous progression until all, in their united and related capacity, present one completed purpose which is all-embracing and Godlike. This truth was repeatedly emphasized in the earliest days of Gods special dealings with the Jewish people. Moreover, the duty of handing down to succeeding generations the truth which they had received was specially enforced in the case of parents, the natural guardians of the rising race, and, therefore, according to the law of Moses, the first special custodians of Divine truth. It is important to notice how tenaciously the Jewish people clung to the title the Children of Israel, and how frequently in later days, when the title Children of Israel had fallen into comparative disuse, they nevertheless clung to the memory of their fathers, especially the three great primitive fathers of the race–Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. All this shows what a large place the family and its associations and relationships occupied in the life of the nation. There can be no doubt that it is Gods will that the parent should be the first teacher and guide of the family, and if this is neglected by the parent no one else can fully compensate for that neglect. Hence the repeated emphasis placed in the Old Testament on the duties of parents. I say parents because the law demanded filial honour alike to father and mother. Now, in the household of the Jew there were certain religious duties to be performed by the mother. For instance, the lighting of the Sabbath lamp, as also the preparation of the Sabbath meal, and the fastening of the scroll of parchment upon the door-post, was done, not by the father, but the mother. Thus Jewish children from their earliest age learnt to associate certain religious acts commemorative of great facts in the history of Gods dealings with the nation with some of the mothers duties. The child would ask, Mother, what are you doing? She would reply, Kindling the Sabbath lamp, or Preparing the Sabbath meal, or Fastening the parchment upon the door-post so that all may know we love and serve the Lord God of Israel. She would also tell the child the spiritual significance of all these customs. Thus the mother was a mighty power in Israel in forming the character, and determining the destiny, of the rising race. Moreover, the mother was the privileged teacher of the child during the earliest and most impressionable period of his life, and, oh, how wonderfully the Jewish mother availed herself of this opportunity! We find a striking instance of the mothers influence, even in a home, far away from any synagogue, where, moreover, the father was a heathen man, in Pauls allusion to Timothy, who from a child had known the Holy Scriptures. Now, parents, will you relinquish that vantage ground upon which God has placed you? Will you give it up instead of availing yourself of your prerogative to the fully Are you willing to send your children forth to the world without the advantage of your unique influence? Is it your will that, though you have the power placed in your hands so to influence your children that they shall find it exceptionally difficult to forget you and your teaching, they shall yet go forth into this fashionable, giddy, sinful world without the advantage of any such training as God calls upon you to give them, and all this because you idly trust that somehow or other some self-denying teacher may compensate for your neglect? Oh, parents, to have a conscience void of offence, and our hands clean so that not a spot of their blood shall remain upon us! (D. Davies.)
Bible education, and its safest guarantee
I. The real ground of the duty of transmitting knowledge from man to man. It is not a work of choice, to be done or not done, to be done partially or done heartily and entirely, at our option and after our judgment; but a positive duty laid down and imposed upon us by the express command of the Most High.
II. What kind of knowledge God has commanded to be imparted.
1. God has specially honoured and particularly prescribed religious knowledge. Indeed, what can be more inconsistent or unwise, than to educate man for time, add to leave his soul unfitted, unstored, untaught for the measureless eternity through which it will endure?
2. God has not excluded other instruction.
III. The time which God particularly specifies for imparting instruction (Deu 11:18-19; Isa 28:9, etc.). (C. Hebert, M. A.)
Children to be instructed in the Scriptures
I. The peculiar benefit which the Lord conferred upon Israel. He established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel. The law and the testimony may now be said to belong to us, and to belong to us in a far more eminent sense than they ever did to Israel. The canon of Scripture is now completed. We have not only Moses and the prophets, but also the evangelists and the apostles. We are favoured with all the revelations which in different ages of the world it has pleased God to communicate to His Church, and particularly with the glorious gospel of His grace.
II. The important duty which God required Israel to discharge in virtue of the benefit conferred upon them. Having established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, He commanded the fathers, etc. In proportion as the glory of the Gospel excels that of the law, are our obligations to see that the minds of our children are well imbued with its truths. And is not a knowledge of those truths absolutely necessary to their well-being and happiness? Can they be saved without it? Must they not perish without it? What is the body to the soul? Or what are the concerns of time compared with those of eternity? Let us weigh them in the balances of the sanctuary, end we shall find them to be lighter than vanity. Shall these, then, engross our cares in reference to our children, while we overlook their best and highest interests? (D. Bees.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 5. A testimony in Jacob] This may signify the various ordinances, rites, and ceremonies prescribed by the law; and the word law may mean the moral law, or system of religious instruction, teaching them their duty to God, to their neighbour, and to themselves. These were commanded to the fathers-the patriarchs and primitive Hebrews, that they should make them known to their children, who should make them known to the generation that was to come, whose children should also be instructed that they might declare them to their children; to the end that their hope might be in God, that they might not forget his works, and might keep his commandments: that they might not be as their fathers, but have their heart right and their spirit steadfast with God, Ps 78:6-8. Five generations appear to be mentioned above:
1. Fathers;
2. Their children;
3. The generation to come;
4. And their children;
5. And their children.
They were never to lose sight of their history throughout all their generations. Some think the testimony here may mean the tabernacle.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
He established: this is justly put in the first place, as the chief of all the following mercies, and the foundation both of their temporal and of their eternal felicity.
A testimony, i.e. his law, as it is called in the next clause; which is very oft called a testimony, because it is a witness between God and men, declaring both the duties which God expects from man, and the promises and blessings which man in the performance of his duty may expect from God.
In Jacob, peculiarly; for no other nation enjoyed this privilege, as is more fully expressed, Psa 147:19,20. Which testimony or law God revealed to them, not for their own private use, but for the benefit of all their posterity, whom their parents were obliged to teach, Deu 6:7, and all their children to hear, and read, and study; by which we may see how contrary to the mind of God that foolish and wicked assertion is, that ignorance is the mother of devotion.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
5. testimony (Ps19:7).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
For he established a testimony in Jacob,…. So the law is called, being a testification of the divine will, Ex 25:16 and the Scriptures, the writings of the Old Testament, which testify of Christ, his person, office, sufferings, and death, Isa 8:20 and particularly the Gospel, which is the testimony of God, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of his apostles, 2Ti 1:8 which bears witness to the love and grace of God in the salvation of men by Christ; to the dignity of Christ’s person, to the fulness of his grace, to each of the offices and relations he bears and stands in to his people; to the virtue of his obedience, sufferings, and death; to redemption, righteousness, peace and pardon by him: this is established in the house of Jacob, as the Targum; in the church, which is the pillar and ground of truth, among the saints and people of God, to whom it is delivered, and by whom it will be kept, and with whom it will remain throughout all ages; for it is the everlasting Gospel:
and appointed a law in Israel; the law given on Mount Sinai was peculiar to them, and so were the word and oracles, they were committed to them; and not only the writings of Moses, but the prophets, are called the law, Joh 10:34, but the Gospel seems to be here meant, [See comments on Ps 78:1]: this was ordained before the world for our glory, and is put and placed in the hands and hearts of the faithful ministers of it, and is published among, and received by, the true Israel of God:
which he commanded our fathers that they should make them known to their children; that is, the testimony and the law, and the things contained in them; the Jewish fathers were frequently commanded to teach their children the law of Moses, De 4:9 and it was their practice to instruct them in the knowledge of the Scriptures, 2Ti 3:15, and it becomes Christian parents to bring up their children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, by making known to them the principles of the Christian religion, and the truths of the Gospel, Eph 6:4.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
5. He established a testimony in Jacob. (312) As the reception or approbation of any doctrine by men would not be a sufficient reason for yielding a firm assent to its truth, the prophet proceeds farther, and represents God as the author of what he brings forward. He declares, that the father’s were not led to instruct their children in these truths under the mere impulse of their own minds, but by the commandment of God. Some understand the words, He hath established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, as implying that God had established a decree in Jacob, to be observed as an inviolable rule, which was, that the deliverance divinely wrought for the people should be at all times in the mouth of every Israelite; but this seems to give too restricted a sense. I therefore consider statute, or testimony, and law, (313) as referring to the written law, which, however, was partly given for this end, that by the remembrance of their deliverance, the people, after having been once gathered into one body, might be kept in their allegiance to God. The meaning then is, that God not only acquired a right to the Jews as his people by his mighty power, but that he also sealed up his grace, that the knowledge of it might never be obliterated. And, undoubtedly, it was then registered as it were in public records, when the covenant was ratified by the written law, in order to assure the posterity of Abraham that they had been separated from all other nations. It would have been a matter of very small importance to have been acquainted with, or to have remembered the bare history of what had been done, had their eyes not been, at the same time, directed to the free adoption and the fruit of it. The decree then is this, That the fathers being instructed in the doctrine of the law themselves, should recount, as it were, from the mouth of God, to their children, that they had been not only once delivered, but also gathered into one body as his Church, that throughout all ages they might yield a holy and pure obedience to him as their deliverer. The reading of the beginning of the second clause of the verse properly is, Which he commanded, etc. But the relative אשר , asher, which, I have no doubt, is here put by way of exposition for namely, or that is, he commanded, etc. I have translated it for, which amounts to the same thing.
(312) Horsley considers this verse as a parenthesis.
(313) Dr Adam Clarke, by a testimony understands the various ordinances, rites, and ceremonies prescribed by the laws and by the word law, the moral law.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(5) For he . . .Better, taking the relative of time (comp. Deu. 11:6; Psa. 139:15), For he established (it as) a testimony in Jacob and (as) a law appointed (it) in Israel when he commanded our forefathers to make them (the wonderful works of last verse) known to their children. For the custom see reference in margin.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
I venture to believe, contrary to the opinion of most commentators, that the testimony in Jacob, and the law in Israel here spoken of, had a reference to a much higher subject than the law on mount Sinai. Surely that testimony and that law was Christ himself, who is both the word and the testimony, and the end of the law for righteousness to everyone that believeth. And seen in this point of view, it is most blessed indeed to behold Asaph singing this gospel Psalm with an eye to Christ. Here the latter generations indeed were most highly interested, and the children which were yet unborn. And, as the apostle very sweetly saith, the gospel which was preached to Abraham, and the covenant which was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was 430 years after, cannot disannul. Hence, therefore, this was the grand subject, and this the glorious theme, that the children which should be born should arise and declare. Gal 3:16-17 . To this one point, therefore, ministered all the ordinances, types, sacrifices, and offerings in the old church; and every observance of them pointed to Jesus: they were a shadow of good things to come, but the body was, and is, Christ. Col 2:17 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Psa 78:5 For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:
Ver. 5. For he established a testimony in Jacob, &c. ] Lest any should attribute too much to ancient traditions, and to show that antiquity must have no more authority than what it can maintain; the psalmist here (as afterwards the prophet Isaiah) calleth them to the law and to the testimonies; for if any speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them, Isa 8:20 .
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: Psa 78:5-8
5For He established a testimony in Jacob
And appointed a law in Israel,
Which He commanded our fathers
That they should teach them to their children,
6That the generation to come might know, even the children yet to be born,
That they may arise and tell them to their children,
7That they should put their confidence in God
And not forget the works of God,
But keep His commandments,
8And not be like their fathers,
A stubborn and rebellious generation,
A generation that did not prepare its heart
And whose spirit was not faithful to God.
Psa 78:5-8 This strophe emphasizes the need for each generation of faithful followers to pass on their faith and understanding of God’s will to their families (see notes at Psa 78:4).
Faithful followers are characterized as
1. putting their confidence (lit. hope, BDB 492) in God
2. not forgetting His works, cf. Deut. 4:9, 23; Deut. 31:6-12; Deut. 8:11,14,19 (twice); Psa 9:7; Psa 25:19
3. keeping His commandments, cf. Deu 4:2; Deu 4:6; Deu 4:10; Deu 5:1; Deu 5:10; Deu 5:29; Deu 5:32; Deu 6:2-3; Deu 6:17; Deu 6:25; Deu 7:9; Deu 7:11-12; Deu 27:1; Jos 22:5
Psa 78:7 is the positive theme of the entire Psalm and Psa. 78:8 is a powerful warning of what not to do!
Psa 78:8 Even with all YHWH had done for the descendants of Abraham, they still were faithless (i.e., 2Ch 30:7; Eze 20:13; Eze 20:18). Psa 78:8 contrasts the faithless with the faithful.
1. stubborn – BDB 710, KB 770, Qal participle, cf. Deu 9:6; Deu 9:13; Deu 10:16; Deu 31:27
2. rebellious – BDB 598, KB 632, Qal participle, cf. Deut. 9:34; Deut. 31:27
3. did not prepare their hearts – BDB 465, KB 464, Hiphil perfect, cf. Psa 78:37
4. whose spirit was not faithful to God – BDB 52, KB 63, Niphal perfect
Fuente: You Can Understand the Bible: Study Guide Commentary Series by Bob Utley
commanded our fathers. Compare Exo 10:2; Exo 12:26, Exo 12:27; Exo 13:8-10, Exo 13:14, Exo 13:15. Deu 4:9; Deu 6:7, Deu 6:20, &c.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
For he: Psa 81:5, Psa 119:152, Psa 147:19, Deu 4:45, Deu 6:7, Deu 11:19, Isa 8:20, Rom 3:2, 1Jo 5:9-12
testimony: The word testimony is used for the ark, and for the law, written on tables of stone, put within the ark, and covered with the mercy seat. This testified the Lord’s gracious presence with his people, and seemed to point out to them both the way of access and acceptance, and the standard or rule of their duty. Exo 25:16, Exo 25:21, Exo 40:3, Exo 40:20
that they: Psa 78:3, Psa 78:4, Gen 18:19, Isa 38:19, Eph 6:4
Reciprocal: Exo 10:2 – And that Lev 15:2 – unto the Lev 23:43 – General 2Ki 11:12 – the testimony 2Ch 23:11 – the testimony Est 9:28 – remembered Psa 103:7 – his acts Psa 119:88 – so shall I Act 7:38 – lively Eph 4:29 – that which
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
78:5 For he established a {d} testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:
(d) By the testimony and law, he means your law written, which they were commanded to teach their children, De 6:7.