Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Romans 3:18
There is no fear of God before their eyes.
There is no fear of God – Psa 36:1. The word fear here denotes reverence, awe, veneration. There is no such regard or reverence for the character, authority, and honor of God as to restrain them from crime. Their conduct shows that they are not withheld from the commission of iniquity by any regard to the fear or favor of God. The only thing that will be effectual in restraining people from sin, will be a regard to the honor and Law of God.
In regard to these quotations from the Old Testament, we may make the following remarks.
(1) They fully establish the position of the apostle, that the nation, as such, was far from being righteous, or that they could be justified by their own works. By quotations from no less than six distinct places in their own writings, referring to different periods of their history, he shows what the character of the nation was. And as this was the characteristic of those times. it followed that a Jew could not hope to be saved simply because he was a Jew. He needed, as much as the Gentile, the benefit of some other plan of salvation.
(2) These passages show us how to use the Old Testament, and the facts of ancient history. They are to be adduced not as showing directly what the character of man is, now, but to show what human nature is. They demonstrate what man is when under the most favorable circumstances; in different situations; and at different periods of the world. The concurrence of past facts shows what the race is. And as past facts are uniform; as man thus far, in the most favorable circumstances, has been sinful; it follows that this is the characteristic of man everywhere. It is settled by the facts of the world, just as any other characteristic of man is settled by the uniform occurrence of facts in all circumstances and times. Ancient facts, and quotations of Scripture, therefore, are to be adduced as proofs of the tendency of human nature. So Paul used them, and so it is lawful for us to use them.
(3) It may be observed further, that the apostle has given a view of human depravity which is very striking. He does not confine it to one faculty of the mind, or to one set of actions; he specifies each member and each faculty as being perverse, and inclined to evil. The depravity extends to all the departments of action. The tongue, the mouth, the feet, the lips, are all involved in it; all are perverted, and all become the occasion of the commission of sin. The entire man is corrupt; and the painful description extends to every department of action.
(4) If such was the character of the Jewish nation under all its advantages, what must have been the character of the pagan? We are prepared thus to credit all that is said in Rom. i., and elsewhere, of the sad state of the pagan world.
(5) What a melancholy view we have thus of human nature. From whatever quarter we contemplate it, we come to the same conclusion. Whatever record we examine; whatever history we read; whatever time or period we contemplate; we find the same facts, and are forced to the same conclusion. All are involved in sin, and are polluted, and ruined, and helpless. Over these ruins we should sit down and weep, and lift our eyes with gratitude to the God of mercy, that he has pitied us in our low estate, and has devised a plan by which these ruins may be built again, and lost, fallen man be raised up to forfeited glory, honor, and immortality.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 18. There is no fear of God before their eyes.] This completes their bad character; they are downright atheists, at least practically such. They fear not God’s judgments, although his eye is upon them in their evil ways. There is not one article of what is charged against the Jews and Gentiles here that may not be found justified by the histories of both, in the most ample manner. And what was true of them in those primitive times is true of them still. With very little variation, these are the evils in which the vast mass of mankind delight and live. Look especially at men in a state of warfare; look at the nations of Europe, who enjoy most of the light of God; see what has taken place among them from 1792 to 1814; see what destruction of millions, and what misery of hundreds of millions, have been the consequence of Satanic excitement in fallen, ferocious passions! O SIN, what hast thou done! How many myriads of souls hast thou hurried, unprepared, into the eternal world! Who, among men or angels, can estimate the greatness of this calamity! this butchery of souls! What widows, what orphans, are left to deplore their sacrificed husbands and parents, and their own consequent wretchedness! And whence sprang all this? From that, whence come all wars and fightings; the evil desires of men; the lust of dominion; the insatiable thirst for money; and the desire to be sole and independent. This is the sin that ruined our first parents, expelled them from paradise, and which has descended to all their posterity; and proves fully, incontestably proves, that we are their legitimate offspring; the fallen progeny of fallen parents; children in whose ways are destruction and misery; in whose heart there is no faith; and before whose eyes there is nothing of the fear of God.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
This last assertion gives us one true cause of all the aforesaid evils, taken out of Psa 36:1; See Poole on “Psa 36:1“.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
18. There is no fear of God beforetheir eyes (Ps 36:1):that is, “Did the eyes but ‘see Him who is invisible’ (Heb11:27), a reverential awe of Him with whom we have to do wouldchasten every joy and lift the soul out of its deepest depressions;but to all this the natural man is a stranger.” How graphic isthis picture of human depravity, finding its way through each severalorgan of the body into the life (Ro3:13-17): but how small a part of the “desperate wickedness”that is within (Jer 17:9)”proceedeth out of the heart of man!” (Mar 7:21-23;Psa 19:12).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
There is no fear of God before their eyes. The place referred to is Ps 36:1, by the “fear of God”, is not meant a fear of God’s wrath, of hell and damnation; nor a fearful distrust of his presence, power, providence, and grace; much less an hypocritical fear; but a reverential affection for God, and which is peculiar to the children of God, which springs from a sense of divine goodness, is attended with holiness of heart and life, is consistent with faith, even full assurance of it, and with spiritual joy in its highest degree; it stands opposed to pride and haughtiness, and is a blessing of the covenant of grace: now this is not to be found in unregenerate men, for this springs from grace, and not nature, and is only implanted in the heart in conversion; it appears from the whole life and conversation of unconverted men, that the fear of God is not in their hearts, nor before their eyes.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Before (). Late double compound (, , ) adverbial preposition in LXX and Polybius, papyri and inscriptions. With genitive as here.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
1) “There is no fear of God,” (ouk estin phobos theou) “There is (exists) not a fear of God,” in Jew or Gentile, except it be brought by the initiative of God’s Word and Spirit, in the realm of his mercy, though the fear of God is the beginning (genesis) of true wisdom and knowledge, Pro 1:7; Pro 1:26; Pro 1:29; Mal 1:6; Jud 1:12.
2) “Before their eyes,” (apenanti ton aphthalmon auton) “Before their (sights) eyes,” Psa 36:1; Psa 55:19, they “feared not God, as the final judge, though commanded to do so, Ecc 12:13-14; Mal 3:5; Luk 18:4.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
18. In the last clause (103) he repeats again, in other words, what we have noticed at the beginning — that every wickedness flows from a disregard of God: for as the principal part of wisdom is the fear of God, when we depart from that, there remains in us nothing right or pure. In short, as it is a bridle to restrain our wickedness, so when it is wanting, we feel at liberty to indulge every kind of licentiousness.
And that these testimonies may not seem to any one to have been unfitly produced, let us consider each of them in connection with the passages from which they have been taken. David says in Psa 14:1, that there was such perverseness in men, that God, when looking on them all in their different conditions, could not find a righteous man, no, not one. It then follows, that this evil pervaded mankind universally; for nothing is hid from the sight of God. He speaks indeed at the end of the Psalm of the redemption of Israel: but we shall presently show how men become holy, and how far they are exempt from this condition. In the other Psalms he speaks of the treachery of his enemies, while he was exhibiting in himself and in his descendants a type of the kingdom of Christ: hence we have in his adversaries the representatives of all those, who being alienated from Christ, are not led by his Spirit. Isaiah expressly mentions Israel; and therefore his charge applies with still greater force against the Gentiles. What, then? There is no doubt but that the character of men is described in those words, in order that we may see what man is when left to himself; for Scripture testifies that all men are in this state, who are not regenerated by the grace of God. The condition of the saints would be nothing better, were not this depravity corrected in them: and that they may still remember that they differ nothing from others by nature, they do find in the relics of their flesh (by which they are always encompassed) the seeds of those evils, which would constantly produce fruits, were they not prevented by being mortified; and for this mortification they are indebted to God’s mercy and not to their own nature. We may add, that though all the vices here enumerated are not found conspicuously in every individual, yet they may be justly and truly ascribed to human nature, as we have already observed on Rom 1:26.
(103) It is taken from Psa 36:1, and verbatim from the Greek version, and strictly in accordance with the Hebrew. It is evident from several of these quotations, that Paul’s object, as [ Calvin ] says, was to represent the general meaning, and not to keep strictly to the expressions.
There is a difference of opinion as to the precise object of the Apostle; whether in these quotations he had regard to the Jews only, or to both Jews and Gentiles. In the introduction, Rom 3:9, he mentions both, and in the conclusion, Rom 3:19, he evidently refers to both, in these words, “that every, mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.”
The most consistent view seems to be, that the passages quoted refer both to Jews and Gentiles; the last, more especially, to the Jews, while some of the preceding have a special reference to the Gentile world, particularly Psa 14:0, as it describes the character of the enemies of God and his people, to whose liberation the Psalmist refers in the last verse. — Ed.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(18) The fear of God, which is properly a subjective feeling, is here projected, as it were, and regarded as an external rule of life.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
18 There is no fear of God before their eyes.
Ver. 18. There is no fear of God ] This is set last, as the source of all the former evils.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Rom 3:18 . Psa 35:2 , LXX, with for . This verse at once sums up and explains the universal corruption of mankind.
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
This is quoted from Psa 36:1.
before. Greek. apenanti. See Act 3:16.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Rom 3:18. ) so the LXX., Psa 36:2, –, fear), not to say love, of which man in his natural state knows much less. Of several passages, in which human depravity is expressed, either in the complaint of God and of the saints, or else in the confessions of the penitent, Paul has written out a part of the words, and intimates that all the rest are to be sought for out of the same places.-, their eyes) The seat of reverential awe is in the eyes.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
Rom 3:18
Rom 3:18
There is no fear of God before their eyes.-They are not actuated by any regard to the will of displeasure of God. [Where God is not feared, nothing else is; and when this last barrier to vice is destroyed, sin comes in like a flood.] These last three verses are quotations from Isa 59:7-8. Paul gathers these statements from their prophets to show they all recognized that the Jews were disobedient to God and would fall short of his favor.
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
Gen 20:11, Psa 36:1, Pro 8:13, Pro 16:6, Pro 23:17, Luk 23:40, Rev 19:5
Reciprocal: Lev 25:17 – fear Deu 25:18 – feared Jer 2:19 – and that my Jer 36:24 – they
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
:18
Rom 3:18. They have no fear, which would mean that they have no respect for God, nor do they act as if they were afraid of His righteous judgments.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Rom 3:18. There is no fear of God, etc. (From Psa 36:1.) The transgression of the wicked is affirming within my heart: Fear of God is not before his eyes. The quotation from the LXX. is exact. Fear of God, reverence of Him, is here figuratively spoken of, as if it existed external to man, for a rule of life. Pauls closing quotation reaffirms what the Scriptures everywhere teach, that the source of sin is a wrong attitude toward God; not to fear God is to be (and become yet more) immoral.
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
There is no fear of God before their eyes. [Psa 36:1 . The above quotations are placed in logical order. “The arrangement is such,” says Meyer, “that testimony is adduced: first, for the state of sin generally (Rom 3:10-12); second, the practice of sin in word (Rom 3:13-14) and deed (Rom 3:13-17); and third, the sinful source of the whole– Rom 3:18 “]
Fuente: McGarvey and Pendleton Commentaries (New Testament)
18. The fear of God is not before their eyes. Wickedness, like righteousness, is progressive. Here we reach the climax. They have passed the dead-line and the Spirit of conviction has been grieved away. So they are doomed. Without the fear of God there is no more hope for a sinner than a devil. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. When there is no fear there is no place to begin. The Holy Spirit abides in every land, convicting every soul, till He is grieved away. Conviction fills the soul with fear, yet there is no salvation without love, i. e., the divine love poured out in the heart by the Holy Ghost (Ch. 5:5) in regeneration. Then love and fear consist till sanctification gives perfect love, which casts out fear (1Jn 4:18). The unconvicted sinner has neither fear nor love. He is like a demon. The convicted sinner has fear and no love. The converted man has love, but is not free from fear, while the sanctified has perfect love and no fear.