Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Song of Solomon 5:15
His legs [are as] pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold: his countenance [is] as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars.
15. His legs ] Heb. shq is the part of the leg below the knee.
pillars of marble ] i.e. white and firm like marble or alabaster. Here, seeing the lover is an Oriental, and therefore brown in complexion, alabaster would be the better comparison.
sockets ] Perhaps rather, bases of fine gold.
his countenance ] his aspect is like Lebanon, giving the same impression of majesty.
excellent ] Heb. bchr = ‘chosen,’ LXX, . The Targum translates it “a young man,” but in that case we should have had ‘a cedar,’ not ‘cedars.’ Goodly as the cedars would fairly give the sense.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
His countenance – Or, his appearance (his whole port and mien, but especially head and countenance) is as the Lebanon.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 15. His legs are as pillars of marble] Exquisitely turned and well-shaped; the sockets of gold may refer to his slippers. On these a profusion of gold and ornaments are still lavished in Asiatic countries.
His countenance is as Lebanon] As Lebanon exalts its head beyond all the other mountains near Jerusalem, so my beloved is tall and majestic, and surpasses in stature and majesty all other men. He is also as straight and as firm as the cedars.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
His legs; the instruments of local motion, and the supporters of the body.
As pillars of marble; white, and straight, and well shaped, and strong; which may note the firmness and stability of Christs kingdom in spite of all opposition.
Set upon sockets of fine gold; which add both beauty and strength to them. These may note his feet compared to gold, either for their great price and worth, or for their singular brightness, for which they are compared to fine brass, Rev 1:15; or, as others, for his golden shoes, wherewith they were covered or adorned, as the spouse is commended from her shoes, Son 7:1.
His countenance, Heb. his aspect or appearance; his form or person, as this Hebrew word is elsewhere used.
As Lebanon, in respect of its cedars, as the next words explain it, to wit, tall, and upright, and stately, and withal pleasant to the eye.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
15. pillarsstrength andsteadfastness. Contrast man’s “legs” (Ec12:3). Allusion to the temple (1Ki 5:8;1Ki 5:9; 1Ki 7:21),the “cedars” of “Lebanon” (Ps147:10). Jesus Christ’s “legs” were not broken on thecross, though the thieves’ were; on them rests the weight of oursalvation (Ps 75:3).
sockets of fine goldHissandals, answering to the bases of the pillars; “set up fromeverlasting” (Pro 8:22;Pro 8:23). From the head (So5:11) to the feet, “of fine gold.” He was tried in thefire and found without alloy.
countenancerather,”His aspect,” including both mien and stature(compare 2Sa 23:21, Margin;with 1Ch 11:23). From theseveral parts, she proceeds to the general effect of the wholeperson of Jesus Christ.
Lebanonso called fromits white limestone rocks.
excellentliterally,”choice,” that is, fair and tall as the cedars on Lebanon(Eze 31:3, c.). Majesty is theprominent thought (Ps 21:5).Also the cedars’ duration (Heb1:11) greenness (Lu23:31), and refuge afforded by it (Eze 17:22;Eze 17:23).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
His legs [are as] pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold,…. The allusion may be to the “femoralia”, or garments on the thighs of the high priest when he ministered in holy things, who was a type of Christ; which were made of thee twined linen, and, as the Rabbins say e, of thread six times doubled; and so must sit very full and stiff, and be like pillars of marble, for colour, firmness, and stiffness; and below which was the hem of the holy robe: and, round about that, were pomegranates and golden bells, and which may be alluded to in the next clause, “set upon sockets of fine gold”; or else the allusion may be to the custom f of the eastern countries, where they sandals, bound about the feet with golden ribbons; or had their shoes adorned with gold and precious stones; or were made of gold, as were those which Demetrius wore: snow white feet, with golden knots, as Manilius g expresses it, must look very beautiful; and marble legs or feet, as the poet h calls them, with golden shoes, suggest the same idea. Now if a covering of the thighs is alluded to, this may respect the pure and spotless righteousness of Christ, and the glory and excellency of it; which covers the nakedness of saints; hides all their impurities, their sins, original and actual; and renders them acceptable in the sight of God: or the legs of Christ being thus compared may denote the strength and power of Christ, to bear up and support what has been or is laid upon him; as the whole universe, the earth, and all that is in it; the covenant of grace, its blessings and promises, which he is the basis and foundation of; the whole church, the persons of all the elect, whom he represented in eternity, and now in time; all their sins and transgressions, laid upon him and bore by him, in his body on the cross; the government of his people on his shoulder; their burdens, and them under all their trials, temptations, and afflictions; and as all the vessels, so all the glory of his Father’s house: and these may set forth also the power of Christ, in treading under and trampling upon all his and his people’s enemies, both when on the cross, and now in heaven, where he must reign until all enemies are put under his feet. Or legs, being the instruments of walking, may intend either his ways of love, grace, and mercy, in the covenant before time, in favour of his people; and which, like marble pillars, are pure, firm, and constant, and like such, in golden sockets, glorious and excellent: or his walk and conversation, when incarnate and in his state of humiliation; which was always upright, even, and constant; and upon which were a beauty, glory, and lustre, answerable to the metaphors here used: or his walks in the churches, his golden candlesticks; among whom he delights to be, and to whom his presence is desirable, beautiful, and glorious: or his providential dispensations towards his people; which are straight, upright, and equal, holy and righteous, firm and sure; the basis of which are his eternal purposes and decrees;
his countenance [is] as Lebanon: his shape, form, personage, appearance, and mien; which was a goodly mountain on the north of Judea, high, pleasant, and set with fruitful and fragrant trees, and made a very delightful appearance; to which Christ may be compared for his height, being higher than the kings of the earth, than the angels of heaven, and than the heavens themselves; and for pleasantness, being more glorious and excellent than that or any other mountain; and for the fruitful and fragrant trees of righteousness that grow upon him, have their root in him, and their fruitfulness from him; and which diffuse a grateful odour, by their graces and good works, to Christ and his saints; and who himself more especially, like this mountain, emits a fragrant smell, in his person, grace, righteousness, and sacrifice, to all passers-by, and true believers in him. It is added,
excellent as the cedars; which grew on Lebanon; being the choicest, and preferable to all others: to which Christ may be compared, for tallness, stateliness, fragrancy, and durableness i; especially the former, which is always thought to add gracefulness and majesty to men;
[See comments on 1Sa 9:2].
e Kimchi Sepher Shorash. rad. , Maimon. Hilchot Cele Hamikdash, c. 8. s. 14. Jarchi in loc. f Vid. Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 9. c. 35. & l. 37. c. 2. g De Margaritis, l. 5. h “Litora marmoreis pedibus signanda puellae”, Ovid. Amor. l. 2. Eleg. 11. v. 5. i “Et cedro digna locutus”, Persii Satyr. 1. v. 42.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
15 a His legs white marble columns,
Set on bases of fine gold.
If the beauty of the living must be represented, not by colours, but in figurative language, this cannot otherwise be done than by the selection of minerals, plants, and things in general for the comparison, and the comparison must more or less come short, because dead soulless matter does not reach to a just and full representation of the living. Thus here, also, the description of the lower extremity, which reaches from the thighs and the legs down to the feet, of which last, in the words of an anatomist,
(Note: Hyrtl’s Lehrbuch der Anat. des Menschen, sec. 155.)
it may be said that “they form the pedestal for the bony pillars of the legs.” The comparison is thus in accordance with fact; the (from = Arab. sak , to drive: the movers forward), in the structure of the human frame, take in reality the place of “pillars,” and the feet the place of “pedestals,” as in the tabernacle the wooden pillars rested on small supports in which they were fastened, Exo 26:18. But in point of fidelity to nature, the symbol is inferior to a rigid Egyptian figure. Not only is it without life; it is not even capable of expressing the curvilinear shape which belongs to the living. On the other hand, it loses itself in symbol; for although it is in conformity with nature that the legs are compared to pillars of white (according to Aquila and Theod., Parian) marble, – = , 1Ch 29:2 (material for the building of the temple), Talm. , of the same verbal root as , the name of the white lily, – the comparison of the feet to bases of fine gold is yet purely symbolical. Gold is a figure of that which is sublime and noble, and with white marble represents greatness combined with purity. He who is here praised is not a shepherd, but a king. The comparisons are thus so grand because the beauty of the beloved is in itself heightened by his kingly dignity.
(Note: Dillmann proposes the question, the answer to which he desiderates in Ewald, how the maiden could be so fluent in speaking of the new glories of the Solomonic era (plants and productions of art). Bttcher answers, that she had learned to know these whilst detained at court, and that the whole description has this ground-thought, that she possessed in her beloved all the splendour which the women of the harem value and enjoy. But already the first words of the description, “white and ruddy,” exclude the sunburnt shepherd. To refer the gold, in the figurative description of the uncovered parts of the body, to this bronze colour is insipid.)
15 b His aspect like Lebanon,
Distinguised as the cedars.
By the Chald. thinks of “a young man” (from = , to be matured, as at Psa 89:20); but in that case we should have expected the word instead of . Luther, with all other translators, rightly renders “chosen as the cedars.” His look, i.e., his appearance as a whole, is awe-inspiring, majestic, like Lebanon, the king of mountains; he (the praised one) is chosen, i.e., presents a rare aspect, rising high above the common man, like the cedars, those kings among trees, which as special witnesses of creative omnipotence are called “cedars of God,” Psa 80:11 [10]. , electus , everywhere else an attribute of persons, does not here refer to the look, but to him whose the look is; and what it means in union with the cedars is seen from Jer 22:7; cf. Isa 37:24. Here also it is seen (what besides is manifest), that the fairest of the children of men is a king. In conclusion, the description returns from elevation of rank to loveliness.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
(15) Marble.Heb. shesh. Here and in Est. 1:6.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
15. His legs Hebrew, The calves of his legs.
Sockets Better, pedestals.
His countenance Literally, His appearance; that is, his whole mien and bearing. The general impression of his stature is like that of “that goodly mountain, even Lebanon,” which, rising to ten thousand feet, always, in sun-shine or in storm, was the Jewish ideal of lofty majesty.
And as Lebanon wears its cedars, unconscious of the crown they give it, so the Beloved bears himself, nobly unaware of the perfect, comeliness of his features.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold: his countenance is as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars.
The Church still prosecutes the pleasing subject, and from the legs to the countenance, points to her beloved. Perhaps the strength of Christ by the former, and his mildness by the latter, are intended in these expressions.
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Son 5:15 His legs [are as] pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold: his countenance [is] as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars.
Ver. 15. His legs are as pillars of marble. ] A sign of Christ’s firmness in his kingdom, works, word, and government, saith a learned expositor, and of his strength to trample upon his enemies, as also of his united power to accomplish the course of his threefold office. Pillars both bear up the building and beautify it; neither can anything be more sure and solid than these, if set upon a firm foundation. The pillars here mentioned are said to be “set upon fine gold” – that is, upon a foundation both fine and firm, for gold hardly rusteth or cankereth; whence it was likely that Tithonus and his son Memnon, when they built the city of Susa, in Persia, they joined the stones together with gold, as Cassiodorus writeth: Christ’s power is founded upon his divine nature; and this is the rock upon which the Church is built, and whereby it is set in safety from all miseries and molestations, satanic or secular. The gates of hell shall not prevail against her. Christ and the father are one; therefore none shall take her out of his hands. God hath “laid help upon one that is mighty,” Psa 89:19 even upon Emmanuel, the mighty strong God, as he is called, Isa 9:6 “declared to be the Son of God with power according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead,” Rom 1:4 that your “faith and hope might be in God.” 1Pe 1:21 Trust perfectly therefore to, or hope to the end, a “for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus”: 1Pe 1:13 since he is “able to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him.” Heb 7:25
His countenance is as Lebanon.
a E . Prorsus, perpetuo, perfecte.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
marble = white marble.
sockets = bases.
countenance = aspect.
excellent = choice.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
legs: Rev 1:15
sockets: Exo 26:19
his countenance: Son 2:14, Jdg 13:6, Mat 17:2, Mat 28:3, Act 2:28, Rev 1:16
as Lebanon: Son 4:11, Psa 92:12, Hos 14:7, Zec 9:17, 1Ti 3:16
Reciprocal: Son 7:4 – the tower Jer 22:6 – unto Rev 10:1 – pillars