Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Titus 3:12
When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter.
12. When I shall send ] Lit. ‘when I shall have sent,’ aor. subj.: Vulg. ‘cum misero.’ Titus would of course wait for his deputy’s arrival.
to Nicopolis ] The town of that name in Epirus most probably, since ‘there was a large population, a good harbour, and numerous opportunities of coming into contact with old friends from the churches of Achaia.’ The Nicopolis in Cilicia has nothing to recommend it; that in Thrace is preferred by the Greek commentators; compare too the subscription at the end of the Epistle ‘Nicopolis in Macedonia.’ But this has no authority; and the supposed better fitting in of this Nicopolis with the last journey west (cf. 2Ti 4:10) is too uncertain to have weight against the evident fitness of a well-known post as the rendezvous for the winter, and a base of further operations.
for I have determined there to winter ] Shewing that St Paul was at liberty; that is, between (as may be safely assumed) the first and second imprisonment. Cf. Introduction, p. 44.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
12 14. Personal directions. As to the conjectural chapter of biography of which we have traces here, see introduction, pp. 40 44. We may suppose that the object of the sending Tychicus or Artemas was to take the place of Titus during his stay with St Paul. From 2Ti 4:12, Tychicus would seem to have been sent to Ephesus, so that Artemas may have been finally chosen for Crete. Of him nothing is known. Tychicus is one of the most valued of the ‘fellow helpers,’ ‘the beloved brother and faithful minister and fellow-servant in the Lord,’ entrusted with the Ephesian and Colossian letters, and the ‘comfortable words,’ five years before, in the enforced absence of the first imprisonment at Rome, Eph 6:21; Col 4:7.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
When I shall send Artemas unto thee – This person is not elsewhere mentioned in the New Testament, and nothing more is known of him.
Or Tychicus – Notes, Act 20:4.
Be diligent – Notes, 2Ti 4:9. To come unto me to Nicopolis. It was at this place, probably, that this epistle was written. In regard to its situation, see Introduction, Section 4.
For I have determined there to winter – Why Paul designed to spend the winter there, or what he purposed to do there, are questions on which no light can now be thrown. There is no evidence that he organized a church there, though it may be presumed that he preached the gospel, and that he did not do it without success. His requesting Titus to leave his important post and to come to him, looks as if his aid were needed in the work of the ministry there, and as if Paul supposed there was a promising field of labor there.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 12. When I shall send Artemas – or Tychicus] These were either deacons or presbyters, which the apostle intended to send to Crete, to supply the place of Titus. Who Artemas was we know not; he is not mentioned in any other place in the New Testament. Tychicus was a native of Asia, as we learn from Ac 20:4, where see the note.
Be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis] Nicopolis was a city of Epirus, on the gulf of Ambracia, near to Actium, which Augustus built in commemoration of his victory over Mark Antony. There was another Nicopolis in Thrace, at the entrance of Macedonia, on the river Nessus; but the former is supposed to be the place here intended.
For I have determined there to winter.] Hence the apostle was at liberty, seeing his spending the winter at this or at any other practicable place depended on his own determination. It was probably now pretty late in the autumn, and the apostle was now drawing near to Nicopolis; for he certainly was not yet arrived, else he would not have said, I have determined , THERE, to winter.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Of Artemas we read in no other place, but of
Tychicus often; they were both ministers, one of which Paul intended to send to take care of the church in Crete, in the absence of Titus, whom he would have come to him to Nicopolis, where he designed to take up his winter quarters; but being very loth that the flock at Crete should for a little time be without a shepherd, he limits the time of Tituss setting out towards him, till one of them should come into Crete.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
12. When I shall sendhavesent.
Artemas or Tychicustosupply thy place in Crete. Artemas is said to have been subsequentlybishop of Lystra. Tychicus was sent twice by Paul from Rome to LesserAsia in his first imprisonment (which shows how well qualified he wasto become Titus’ successor in Crete); Eph6:21; and in his second, 2Ti4:12. Tradition makes him subsequently bishop of Chalcedon, inBithynia.
Nicopolis“thecity of victory,” called so from the battle of Actium, inEpirus. This Epistle was probably written from Corinth in the autumn.Paul purposed a journey through tolia and Acarnania, into Epirus,and there “to winter.” See my Introductionto the Pastoral Epistles.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus,…. These were both of them ministers of the Gospel; there is no mention of Artemas anywhere else; some say he was one of the seventy disciples, and that he was afterwards bishop of Lystra; but these are uncertain things; [See comments on Lu 10:1]; the name is a contraction of Artemidorus. Tychicus is often spoken of; and a very great character is given of him by the apostle, in Eph 6:21,
be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis; which was a city, not in Epirus, but in Thrace, situated by the river Nessus, and had its name from a victory obtained there: hither the apostle would have Titus come to him, after one or other of the above ministers were come to Crete; for as the apostle had the care of all the churches upon him, he would not remove a minister from one place to another, without making a provision in their room: his reasons for having Titus come to him, might be either to know the state of the churches in Crete; or because he stood in need of his assistance; or to send him elsewhere:
for I have determined there to winter; that is, to continue there all the winter; not without labour, but to preach the Gospel, and administer the ordinances to the saints there: and whereas he says “there”; this shows that this epistle was not written from thence, as the subscription asserts; for then he would have said “here”, and not “there”.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
When I shall send ( ). Indefinite temporal clause with and the first aorist active subjunctive (or future indicative) of (same form).
Artemas (). Perhaps abbreviation of Artemidorus. Nothing more is known of him.
Or Tychicus ( ). Paul’s well-known disciple (Col 4:7; Eph 6:21; 2Tim 4:12).
To Nicopolis ( ). Probably in Epirus, a good place for work in Dalmatia (2Ti 4:10).
I have determined (). Perfect active indicative. I have decided.
To winter there ( ). First aorist active infinitive of , a literary Koine word for which see Acts 27:12; 1Cor 16:6.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
Nicopolis. There were several cities of this name, one in Cilicia, one in Thrace, and one in Epirus. It is uncertain which one is meant here. To winter [] . Comp. Act 27:12; Act 28:11; 1Co 16:6. The noun paraceimasia wintering, Act 27:12.
Tit 3:12Ours [] . Our brethren in Crete.
For necessary uses [ ] . The phrase N. T. o. With reference to whatever occasion may demand them.
Unfruitful [] . Only here in Pastorals. In Paul, 1Co 14:14; Eph. verse 11. Not only in supplying the needs, but in cultivating Christian graces in themselves by acts of Christian service.
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament
1) “When I shall send. (hotan pempso) “Whenever I shall send,” at an unfixed, or uncertain future time.” The Greek term (pempso) indicates the sending of one by influence, request, or desire – not with or by command or commission of authority as denoted by (Gk. apostello).
2) “Artemas unto thee or Tychicus.” (arteman pros se he Tuchikon) “Artemas or Tychicus to your aid or assistance” – Artemas shortened form of name Artemidorus. Tychicus was from Asia, Act 20:4; He was a faithful minister, a councilor and companion in missionary travels, Eph 6:21-22. He, too, was a message carrier for Paul, Col 4:7; 2Ti 4:12.
3) “Be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis. (spoudason elthein pros me eis nikopolin) “Hasten to come, if you are willing, or of your volition, to me into Nicopolis, city of conquerors, or city of victory.
4) “For I have determined there to winter.” (ekei gar kekrika paracheimasai) “For out there I have decided to spend the winter.” The island was in the Adriatic Sea, between Italy and upper western Greece, where the Adriatic merges with the Mediterranean.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
CRITICAL AND EXPLANATORY NOTES
Tit. 3:13. Zenas the lawyer.Otherwise unknown. Either a Jew learned in the Scriptures, or a juris consultus. Perhaps the lawyer may show what he was before conversion, like Matthew the publican.
Tit. 3:14. Let ours also.R.V. our people. Good works.Not for salvation (see Tit. 3:5), but for necessary wants.
Tit. 3:15. Them that love us.That are dear to us as we are to them.
MAIN HOMILETICS OF THE PARAGRAPH.Tit. 3:12-15
Concluding Counsels
I. Indicate an absorbing interest in the welfare of the Church (Tit. 3:12-13).Artemas or Tychicus is to succeed Titus in Crete, so that he may join Paul at Nicopolis, the city of victory, so called from the great historic battle of Actium, and in which city Paul is arranging to spend the winter. He summons Titus to his side to help him in the work, or to give him directions as to extending missionary operations and breaking up new ground. Zenas and Apollos are to be supplied with all the means necessary for their journey and the exigencies of their work. Paul forgets himself in his absorbing devotion to the work of God. The cause of Christ must be supreme, and everything else subsidiary and made helpful to its support and diffusion.
II. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of maintaining good works (Tit. 3:14).Active benevolence is a fruit of grace. Thus early in Church history it is discovered and enforced that true religion is intensely practical, and recommends itself by the life and conduct it produces. The needs of the Church and of the world afford unceasing opportunities for doing good. Our benevolent acts may be abused, but that is no reason for ceasing to be generous. I would rather, said a Christian philanthropist, relieve two undeserving objects than that one deserving person should escape my notice. Mark Antony, when depressed and at the ebb of fortune, declared he had lost all, except what he had given away.
III. Finally express the best Christian wishes (Tit. 3:15).Christian greeting is special and personalAll that are with me salute thee; and it is general and all-inclusivethem that love us in the faith; and in both cases it is genuine and sincere. The best Christian wishes are summed up in the benediction of grace to allGrace be with you all. The heathen salutation was health. There is a life of the flesh and there is a life of the spirita truer, more real, and higher life; above and beyond all, the apostle wished them this, not health or happiness, but gracethe wealth of the gospel compressed into one great benediction.
Lessons.
1. The best Christian worker is the happiest.
2. Christianity is a system of active benevolence.
3. The Christian minister finds among his people constant themes for prayer.
GERM NOTES ON THE VERSES
Tit. 3:12-14. A Good Mans Personal Concerns.
I. Personal selection of agents.
II. Personal desire for companionship.
III. Personal consideration for absent friends.
IV. Personal solicitude for the spiritual prosperity of others.
Tit. 3:15. A Closing Salutation
I. Indicates the strength of Christian friendship.
II. Is crowned by a solemn benediction.F. W.
Fuente: The Preacher’s Complete Homiletical Commentary Edited by Joseph S. Exell
CONCLUSION 3:1215
Text 3:1215
12 When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, give diligence to come unto me to Nicopolis: for there I have determined to winter.
13 Set forward Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their journey diligently, that nothing be wanting unto them.
14 And let our people also learn to maintain good works for necessary uses, that they be not unfruitful.
15 All that are with me salute thee. Salute them that love us in faith. Grace be with you all.
Thought Questions 3:1215
150.
Why was Paul sending Artemas or Tychicus to Titus?
151.
Where is Nicopolis? (Do not shrug this question off with a I do not knowyou have a map; look it up!)
152.
Why spend the winter in Nicopolis? That is, why not move on to other fields?
153.
What is the meaning of the expression, set forward, in Tit. 3:13?
154.
How is the word, diligently, used in Tit. 3:13?
155.
Is Paul asking Titus or the churches to pay the traveling expenses of Zenas and Apollos? Where are these men going?
156.
What are the good works and the necessary uses of Tit. 3:14?
157.
In what sense would the Cretans be unfruitful, as used in Tit. 3:14 b?
158.
From where was this epistle to Titus written? Please refer to the introduction for your answer, Who are some of the possble persons to be with Paul?
159.
Just what was the salute mentioned in Tit. 3:15?
160.
How is the word faith used in Tit. 3:15 b?
Paraphrase 3:1215
12 When I shall send either Artemas to thee, or Tychicus, to supply thy place in Crete, leave the churches to his management, and as speedily as possible, come to me at Nicopolis, for there I have determined to winter,
13 Diligently supply Zenas the lawyer, and Appolos (see Act. 18:24-28), with whatever is necessary for their journey, that, in coming to me, nothing which they need may be wanting to them.
14 And, that the expense necessary to such offices may be defrayed, let our disciples in Crete also learn to follow honest trades for supplying what is necessary to themselves, and that they may not be unfruitful in good offices to others.
15 All my fellow-labourers who are with me in Colosse wish thee health. Present my good wishes to them in Crete, who shew their love to me by maintaining the true faith of Christ, The favour and blessing of God be with all of you. Amen.
Comment 3:1215
Tit. 3:12. A few closing and personal words from Paul to Titus. It is vain to speculate as to the identity of Artemas. Attempts at identification have been made, and if you wish to read them, we refer you to our bibliography. Tychicus is well-known to us; see: Act. 20:4; Eph. 6:21; Col. 4:7; 2Ti. 4:12. We do know Paul trusted these men and intended for one of them to carry out the work after Titus left. There must have been, for Titus, further plans for evangelism and the establishment of churches. We prefer to locate Nicopolis on the coast of Greece. There were a good number of cities with the name, Nicopolis (city of victory), so-called because of some military triumph. Paul refers to the one at Epirus, founded by Augustus in 30 B.C. in honor of his victory at Actium, four miles from Nicopolis. Paul had not yet arrived in this city, but planned to be here for work and plans during the winter. Surely he selected an excellent place by way of climate.
Tit. 3:13. Perhaps we have here a reference to those who carried the letter from Paul to Titus. Was Zenas a law expert or jurist in the Roman sense, or with the Old Testament? His name is Roman, but then, so is Paul a Roman name, and so is the name Apollos. We prefer to think of him as referred to in Act. 18:24 and last mentioned in 1Co. 16:12. Titus is here instructed to outfit and expedite for a journey (Lenski) these faithful men. They are not on Crete as yet, but are on their way (perhaps with this letter), and when they arrive they are to be helped on this way, and this is to be done in a diligent manner.
Tit. 3:14. Titus could not himself provide the funds necessary for Zenas and Apollos. He is to lead in obtaining from the churches the necessary provisions. But Titus is not alone responsible for such leadership in good works. Our people are to lead out in such cases of necessity, that at other times of less obvious need they will not be unfruitful. Paul looked upon the matter of helping one another as an opportunity for Christian growth, not a burdensome duty.
Tit. 3:15. Where was Paul when he wrote this letter? We have suggested he was probably in some part of Macedoniapossibly Philippi. Those traveling companions of Paul (which seem always to be with him) send greetings to Titus who probably at other times were co-labourers with Titus and the apostle. Paul assumes that many, if not all, of the saints of the churches on Crete will feel warmly toward him as an apostle and servant of Christ Jesus. On this basis he greets each of those who read or hear this letter read.
May all be constantly aware of Gods favor toward us in Christ Jesus.
Fact Questions 3:1215
99
Give two facts about Artemas and Tychicus.
100.
Give two facts about Nicopolis.
101.
What did Paul plan to do while in Nicopolis?
102.
State two facts about Zenas and Apollos.
103.
Just what was Titus responsibility for Zenas and Apollos?
104.
The churches on Crete were going to have an opportunity to be fruitful in Christian servicewhat was this opportunity?
105.
Where was Paul when he wrote this letter? Who sends greetings to whom?
Fuente: College Press Bible Study Textbook Series
(12) When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me.But Titus is here remindedperhaps with some reference to the question of the treatment of the factious or heretic persons just alluded tothat he is only the temporary ruler of the Cretan Church, on a special commission of the great missionary Apostle. Not improbably one of these two was intended to supply the place of Titus when this favourite and trusted assistant of St. Paul was recalled to his masters side. Of Artemas nothing certainly is known. Tradition, however, makes him subsequently Bishop of Lystra. Tychicus is mentioned in five of the New Testament writingsin Act. 20:4; Col. 4:7; 2Ti. 4:12; and here. He seems to have been one of the most esteemed of St. Pauls friends. He speaks of him as a beloved brother, a faithful minister and fellow-servant in the Lord; and the importance of the missions with which he was entrusted by his master to distant churches shows us how high this disciple stood in the opinion of St. Paul.
To Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter.There are several cities bearing this namein Cilicia, in Thrace, and in Epirus; and considerable doubt prevails as to which the Apostle has been referring. On the whole, the Nicopolis in Epirus seems the most likely spot for the Apostle to have fixed on. This city was built by Augustus after the battle of Actium, whence it derived its name, the City of Victory.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
12-15. These closing personal directions, if not written by St. Paul, must have been fabricated by a forger with great particularity, to make the letter appear to be his.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
12. Artemas Though named, and probably sent, for this high mission as superintendent of Crete in Timothy’s place, he is nowhere else in the epistle mentioned. Tradition makes him to have been bishop of Crete. Tychicus was probably sent to Ephesus to fill the place of Timothy while the latter was visiting the apostle. See note on 2Ti 4:12. So that a substitute was provided both for Timothy at Ephesus, and for Titus at Crete, on their leaving.
Nicopolis Signifying victory-city, was a favourite name bestowed upon a number of cities; but scholars are generally agreed that this
Nicopolis was the city founded at Actium by Augustus as a monument of the victory by which he became emperor of Rome and sole master of the civilized world. This took place about thirty years before St. Paul gathered his little apostolic band within its walls. It was situated on the western shore of Epirus in Greece, and looked out over the Adriatic Sea towards the Italy and the Rome over which the spot had made Augustus the lord. On its northwest it looked towards the Illyricum where Paul had preached, and the Dalmatia which Titus soon visited. The city was now prosperous, and its easy communication with the various points of the world rendered it a promising rallying point for Christian missions. Here, probably, Paul was projecting a system of Christian enterprise, and for this purpose invited Titus and Timothy to be on hand. Whether the assemblage took place we know not. Probably Paul was there apprehended and taken to Rome and martyrdom.
Winter 2Ti 4:21.
Bring Rather, send or forward on their journey. Titus should, as superintendent of Crete, see that these apostolic evangelists should be provided with travelling expenses for their journey.
Zenas Contraction of Zenodorus, ( gift of Jove,) as Apollos is contraction of Apollodorus, ( gift of Apollo.) See our vol. ii, p. 11
The lawyer A professed master of either Jewish or of Roman law.
Apollos This is the last mention of this “eloquent man,” and fully shows that he was faithful to Christ and to Paul to the last. See notes on Act 18:24-28.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
‘When I shall send Artemas to you, or Tychicus, give diligence to come to me to Nicopolis, for there I have determined to winter.’
Paul then tells Titus to make all speed to come to Nicopolis to see him, for he is planning to winter there. No doubt he was planning a winter campaign during the period when travel by boat was impossible and wanted Titus to join him in it and update him on the situation in Crete. Speed was necessary so as not to miss the opportunity of summer travel. Meanwhile he would send either Artemas and Tychicus to replace him. Tychicus was later sent to replace Timothy in Ephesus (2Ti 4:12). It is clear that Paul was careful to ensure that the churches that he saw as under his care always had a responsible person there to keep watch over things, one of his travelling lieutenants. There were a number of places named Nicopolis so we do not know where this was.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Final Instruction and Salutes ( Tit 3:12-15 ).
Closing Remarks Paul closes this epistle by giving Titus instructions for Paul’s co-workers (Tit 3:12-14) and a final greeting (Tit 3:15 a, b) and benediction (Tit 3:15 c).
Tit 3:12 When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter.
Tit 3:12 [30] “Artemas,” in International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed. James Orr (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., c1915, 1939), in The Sword Project, v. 1.5.11 [CD-ROM] (Temple, AZ: CrossWire Bible Society, 1990-2008).
Tit 3:12 “or Tychicus” – Comments – Tychicus had been a trusted bearer of letters and servant of Paul since his third missionary journey. He is referred to in four other places in the New Testament:
Act 20:4, “And there accompanied him into Asia Sopater of Berea; and of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus and Secundus; and Gaius of Derbe, and Timotheus; and of Asia, Tychicus and Trophimus.”
Eph 6:21, “But that ye also may know my affairs, and how I do, Tychicus , a beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, shall make known to you all things:”
Col 4:7, “All my state shall Tychicus declare unto you, who is a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord:”
2Ti 4:12, “And Tychicus have I sent to Ephesus.”
Tit 3:12 “be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis” – Comments – Albert Barnes writes, “The name Nicopolis (meaning, properly, a city of victory “nikee” (NT:3529) and “polis” (NT:4172) was given to several places. There was a city of this name in Thrace, on the river Nessus, now called Nikopi. There was also a city of the same name in Epirus, two in Moesia, another in Armenia, another in Cilicia, and another in Egypt, in the vicinity of Alexandria. It is by no means easy to ascertain which of these cities is meant, though, as Paul was accustomed to travel in Greece and Asia Minor, there seems to be a probability that one of those cities is intended.” [31]
[31] Albert Barnes, Titus, in Barnes’ Notes, Electronic Database (Seattle, WA: Hendrickson Publishers Inc., 1997), in P.C. Study Bible, v. 3.1 [CD-ROM] (Seattle, WA: Biblesoft Inc., 1993-2000), comments on Titus 3:12.
Tit 3:13 Bring Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their journey diligently, that nothing be wanting unto them.
Tit 3:13 [32] John Gill, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus, in John Gill’s Expositor, in e-Sword, v. 7.7.7 [CD-ROM] (Franklin, Tennessee: e-Sword, 2000-2005), comments on Titus 3:13; Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, and David Brown, Titus, in A Commentary, Critical and Explanatory, on the Old and New Testaments, in e-Sword, v. 7.7.7 [CD-ROM] (Franklin, Tennessee: e-Sword, 2000-2005), comments on Titus 3:13.
Word Study on “the lawyer” Strong says the Greek word “lawyer” “nomikos” ( ) (G3544) means, “pertaining to the law, an expert in the (Mosaic) law.” Within the context of the New Testament, it means, “a teacher of the Mosaic law.” The Enhanced Strong says this word is used 9 times in the New Testament, being translated in the KJV as, “lawyer 8, about the law 1.”
Comments John Gill suggest that Zenas was a Jewish scribe, or lawyer, who became a Christian, and as with Matthew the publican, the title appears to have stuck. [33] However, it very well may be that since Paul’s experiences in prison and before Roman courts, he now works closely with an attorney. This lawyer is mentioned along with Apollos, who was learned also in the Scriptures. Perhaps Paul relied upon their skills to guide him through the later years of missionary work.
[33] John Gill, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus, in John Gill’s Expositor, in e-Sword, v. 7.7.7 [CD-ROM] (Franklin, Tennessee: e-Sword, 2000-2005), comments on Titus 3:13.
Tit 3:13 “and Apollos” Comments – Tit 3:13 most likely refers to the same Apollos mentioned in the book of Acts, who was converted by Aquila and Priscilla in Ephesus, and assisted Paul by staying in Corinth on the third missionary journey.
Tit 3:13 Comments – Scholars suggest that Paul’s epistle to Titus was sent by the hands of Zenas and Apollos, two faithful men who served with Paul. Even today, in this world’s openly sinful condition, it is wise to send ministers on their journeys by twos; for many have stumbled into sin, which is openly offered in places of lodging and streets to lure travelers. But two men are able to hold one another accountable on such lonely excursions from home and family.
Tit 3:14 And let ours also learn to maintain good works for necessary uses, that they be not unfruitful.
Tit 3:14 However, the context also allows for the pronoun “ours” to refer to the congregations in Crete, who are to maintain good works by helping Zenas the lawyer and Apollos with their travel needs, both financial and materially.
Tit 3:15 All that are with me salute thee. Greet them that love us in the faith. Grace be with you all. Amen.
Tit 3:15 Act 14:23, “And when they had ordained them elders in every church, and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they believed.”
Act 20:32, “And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance among all them which are sanctified.”
In a similar way that the early apostles were instructed by Jesus to let their peace come upon the home of their host (Mat 10:13), so did Paul the apostle open every one of his thirteen New Testament epistles with a blessing of God’s peace and grace upon his readers. Mat 10:13 shows that you can bless a house by speaking God’s peace upon it.
Mat 10:13, “And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it: but if it be not worthy, let your peace return to you.”
This practice of speaking blessings upon God’s children may have its roots in the priestly blessing of Num 6:22-27, where God instructed Moses to have the priests speak a blessing upon the children of Israel. Now Paul closes his second epistle to Timothy by restating the blessing that he opened his epistle with in Tit 1:2.
Tit 3:15 “Amen” – Comments – In the Textus Receptus the word “Amen” is attached to the end of all thirteen of Paul’s epistles, as well as to the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, and to the General Epistles of Hebrews , 1, 2 Peter , 1, 2 John, and to the book of Revelation. However, because “Amen” is not supported in more ancient manuscripts many scholars believe that this word is a later liturgical addition. For example, these Pauline benedictions could have been used by the early churches with the added “Amen.”
Final Directions and Greetings.
v. 12. When I shall send Artemas unto thee or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me at Nicopolis; for I have determined there to winter.
v. 13. Bring Zenas, the lawyer, and Apollos on their journey diligently, that nothing be wanting unto them.
v. 14. And let ours also learn to maintain good works for necessary uses, that they be not unfruitful.
v. 15. All that are with me salute thee. Greet them that love us in the faith. Grace be with you all. Amen.
The letter proper has been concluded. Paul merely adds a few words, directing Titus to take care of certain matters. He informs him, first of all, that he intends to send either Artemas (or Artemidorus) or Tychicus, the latter being mentioned often in his letters, 2Ti 4:12; Eph 6:21; Col 4:7, to relieve Titus in Crete. Either one of these two men Paul wanted to send to Crete as quickly as possible, for he wanted Titus to come as soon as he could possibly make it, to Nicopolis, a city of Epirus, on the Ambracian Gulf, a branch of the Ionian Sea, now the Gulf of Arat, on the southern boundary of Albania. It was not only the nearness of winter and the uncertainty of traveling which caused the apostle to write in such urgent terms, but also the fact that he longed for his younger companion and had need of his ministrations.
The men named in the nest sentence. Zenas and Apollo, were most probably the bearers of this letter. The first man, Zenas, was a lawyer, not according to the Jewish manner of speaking, but the Roman: he was practicing law in the Roman Empire, a fact which shows that the practice of law does not intrinsically interfere with sound Christianity. Apollos is probably the man whom we know from other New Testament writings. Act 18:24-28; Act 19:1: 1Co 1:12; 1Co 16:12. Both of these men could be of great value to Titus in his work. Paul writes concerning them; Help them forward on their journey with all diligence, in order that they may want nothing. The word used by the apostle describes the manner of receiving and taking care of travelers in a truly hospitable manner. They should not only be provided with all they were in need of while visiting on the island, but should also be given provisions and clothing for the continuation of their journey. Since this hospitality might easily exceed the slender means of Titus alone. Paul adds: But let also our people learn to practice good works for all real wants, that they be not unfruitful. Christians are always willing to learn and to make progress in all good works, in every form of charity, also that of true hospitality. Whenever and wherever a brother or sister is in need of help, this assistance should be forthcoming with all cheerfulness, as fruits of the faith which is active in love.
Paul is careful to mention that the brethren with him send their cordial salutations to the distant brother. The faith which unites the hearts of the Christians may well find expression also in such little formalities as show the tenderness of the love that lives in them. Titus, in turn, is to be the bearer of greetings to all that n-ere united with the apostle and with all other Christians in the faith. With the apostolic greeting, not only to Titus, but to all that might read or hear this letter, the apostle closes. The grace of God in Christ Jesus, with all the rights, privileges, blessings, and gifts that are connected therewith, is the most precious and most highly prized possession of the Christians, giving them true happiness here and eternal salvation yonder.
Summary
The apostle gives directions as to the manner in which the Christians should be admonished to practice obedience to the government in the true spirit of meekness, on the basis of the washing of regeneration and its renewing power; the Judaizing teachers and the heretics are to be avoided; he concludes with a few directions concerning several brethren and with the apostolic greeting.
Tit 3:12. The apostle proceeds to order Titus to come to him, when the person should arrive, whom he would send to release him; and in the mean time to send Zenas and Apollos to him; but, as full of the grand subject of the epistle, he bids Titus put the Gentile Christians in Crete upon providing what was proper for their journey, as a proof of the influence which true Christianity had upon them; and which was to be shewn, not by idle notions, or empty ceremonies, but by works substantially beneficial and good, Tit 3:12 to the end. There were towns in several countries, of the name of Nicopolis; but this was most probably in Epirus. It was called Nicopolis, or “the city of victory,” because it was built in memory of the victory which Augustus obtained over Anthony at Actium. It appears from the last clause of this verse, that St. Paul was now at liberty; and from all circumstances it seems most probable that this epistle was written between his first and second imprisonment.
Tit 3:12 . Invitation from the apostle to Titus to come to him at Nicopolis so soon as he had sent Artemas or Tychicus. Artemas is not mentioned elsewhere; regarding Tychicus, see 2Ti 4:12 . The object in sending them is not told. Had the apostle’s purpose been that Artemas or Tychicus should continue the work begun by Titus, he would surely have given some hint of it, and not contented himself with the simple . It is more probable that the apostle wished to have Titus brought by one of them, as he could not yet determine the exact time when he was to come (Hofmann). Nicopolis is a name borne by several cities, one in Epirus, built by Augustus as a memorial of his victory at Actium; another built by Trajan in Thrace; and another in Cilicia. In the subscription of the epistle there stands: , which may mean either the city in Thrace or that in Epirus. It does not appear from his words that Paul wrote the epistle there; on the contrary, the rather shows that Paul himself was not there when he wrote the epistle. His purpose was to pass the winter there; comp. Introd. 3.
VI Tit 3:12-15
12When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent [hasten] to 13come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter. Bring [forward] Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their journey diligently [zealously], that nothing be wanting unto them. 14And let ours also [but also let ours, in Crete] learn to maintain [practise] good works for necessary uses [the necessary wants of others], that they be not unfruitful. 15All that are with me salute thee. Greet them that love us in the faith. Grace be with you all.
EXEGETICAL AND CRITICAL
Tit 3:12. Artemas or Tychicus. Of the first we hear nothing further: the second is mentioned also in 2Ti 4:12. One of these was to arrive at Crete before Titus could leave this post, and, in compliance with the wishes of the Apostle, meet him at Nicopolis. The city meant was probably Nicopolis in Epirus, which was built by the Emperor Augustus in commemoration of his victory at Actium. Other cities of the same name are at least less noted. On the design of Paul to spend the winter there, see the Introduction, 2. The opinion of Mrcker, that Nicopolis in Thrace is meant, would hardly have been defended with so much warmth, if it were not connected with the endeavor to put the Epistle to Titus at a later period of Pauls life.
Tit 3:13. Zenas and Apollos. The former of these is entirely unknown; he is called a lawyer, be cause, before his conversion, he had belonged to that profession. On Apollos, comp. Act 18:24-28. Both were just at present in Crete, but were proposing to take their departure, perhaps upon a missionary tour. On this journey Titus was to forward them, (3Jn 1:6), and that zealously, , i.e., not speedily, but with diligence.That nothing be wanting to them (comp. Rom 15:24; 1Co 16:6; 1Co 16:11). Titus, therefore, had means. They were not to depart empty; Bengel.
Tit 3:14. And let ours also, &c. The last particular direction in the Epistle leads the Apostle to make a more general exhortation.Ours, in the connection, can be none other than the fellow-believers with Paul and Titus in Crete, who were to be witnesses of the faithful obedience of their overseer to the Apostles injunction (Tit 3:13).To practise good works, (comp. Tit 3:8), here, decidedly, works of Christian beneficence and mercy.Not unfruitful. If they lacked this love, they would show that their faith was like an unfruitful tree. There is no, good reason for restricting the clause which followsfor the necessary wants, to the material supplies necessary for Zenas and Apollos, and to which the other Christians, along with Titus, were to contribute according to their ability. It would rather seem, from , that the present care of Titus for Zenas and Apollos was to teach the others, for the future, as often as it might be necessary hereafter, to do their part towards the support of needy brethren. Whether, therefore, he directs them to excel in good works, or to yield the precedence, he means that it will be useful to them to exercise liberality, lest they become unfruitful under the pretext that occasion was wanting, or necessity did not require ; Calvin.
Tit 3:15. Salute thee, &c. It is impossible to determine with certainty what fellow-laborers and friends Paul here has in mind.Greet them that love us in the faith. The Apostle here confines his greeting to those with whom the common faith is the bond of the most intimate union.Grace be with you all. The key-note on which the Pauline Epistles usually close. It cannot, indeed, be inferred from the words, with you all, in themselves alone, that the Epistle was addressed to the church in Crete, as well as to Titus; but we have seen, in the Introduction, that on other grounds this is probable, and the entire contents of the Epistle have only strengthened us in this conviction. The final word, Amen, found in the Recepta, is of later origin.
DOCTRINAL AND ETHICAL
1. Down to the very close of the Pastoral Epistles, the Apostle remains like himself, both in his exhibition of the substance of the gospel, and his directions in respect to the government of the church and the conduct of its members and officers. Is it not an unequivocal proof of the moral greatness of Paul, the power of grace in him, and even of the genuineness of the Epistle itself, that, from beginning to end, it is so completely pervaded by the same original Apostolic spirit? HOMILETICAL AND PRACTICAL
The Christian is at liberty to lay plans for the future, provided only that he does so with a deep feeling of dependence (comp. Heb 6:3; Jam 4:13-15).Travelling ministers of the gospel, and missionaries needing help, should be properly cared for.The love which we see shown to others, we ourselves must imitate according to our ability.Fruitful and unfruitful faith.The communion of love.
Starke: There is a great diversity of gifts among the children of God, of which one is especially serviceable for this, and another for that (1Co 12:4 sqq.)It is useful, as well as pleasing to God, that those who labor in the word, and are engaged in the same service, should live in mutual confidence, kindly seek each others advice, listen, and follow it.A pastor must not leave his church, either for a long journey and a protracted absence, or permanently by the acceptance of a call elsewhere, until he is sure that his church either is or will be provided with a true minister of the word.Happy are they who are able to divide their work with pious and faithful helpers: it will thus be the more successful.Hedinger: Christianity demands training till one become habitually a doer of good works. Oh! strive, agonize, that ye be not unfruitful.Osiander: We should do good to all, but especially to those who hold the true religion with us, and are fellow-believers.
Lisco: The fruits of true faith.Are ye in the state of good works ? Whereby shall we know that the preaching of Christ has become effectual in us?
(12) When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter. (13) Bring Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their journey diligently, that nothing be wanting unto them. (14) And let ours also learn to maintain good works for necessary uses, that they be not unfruitful. (15) All that are with me salute thee. Greet them that love us in the faith. Grace be with you all. Amen.
I have nothing to offer on what is here said of those Persons. All of them, have passed away long since, in their generation. And both the Writer and Reader of this Poor Man’s Commentary are hastening fast after them. Greet them, saith Paul, that love us in the faith. So say I. Grace be with them all, Amen!
12 When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter.
Ver. 12. Come unto me to Nicopolis ] The inhabitants of this city are said so to have hated the braying of an ass, that they would not endure to hear the sound of a trumpet. So some pretend such a hatred of hypocrisy, that they will not abide the profession of piety.
12 14 .] VARIOUS DIRECTIONS.
12 .] Whenever I shall have sent ( , not fut. ind. but aor. subj.) Artemas (not elsewhere named: tradition makes him afterwards bishop of Lystra) to thee, or Tychicus (see Eph 6:21 , note: Col 4:7 ), hasten (make it thine earnest care) to come to me to Nicopolis (on the question which of the three cities of this name is here meant, see Prolegg. to Pastoral Epistles, ii. 30, note): for there I have determined to spend the winter. Forward on their journey ((see below) the word here has the sense of ‘enable to proceed forward,’ viz. by furnishing with necessaries for the journey: so in ref. 3 John) with zeal Zenas the lawyer ( = . Probably a Jewish scribe or jurist (Mat 22:35 , note) who had been converted, and to whom the name of his former occupation still adhered, as in the case of . Hippolytus and Dorotheus number him among the seventy disciples, and make him to have been subsequently bishop of Diospolis. There is an apocryphal ‘Acts of Titus’ bearing his name. Winer, Realw.) and Apollos (see on Act 18:24 ; 1Co 1:12 ; 1Co 16:12 ), that nothing may be wanting to them .
Tit 3:12-14 . Come to me, as soon as you can be spared. Forward Zenas and Apollos. Let our friends in Crete remember that fruitfulness in good works is the one thing needful for them.
Tit 3:12 . : It is natural to suppose that Artemas or Tychicus would take the place of Titus as apostolic legate in Crete. This temporary exercise of apostolic superintendence marks a stage in the development of monarchical local episcopacy in the later sense.
: The name is “Greek, formed from perhaps by contraction from Artemidorus, a name common in Asia Minor” (W. Lock, art. in Hastings’ D. B .).
: See note on 2Ti 4:12 .
: The subscription in the later MSS. at the end of the epistle, , follows the Greek commentators (Chrys., Theod., etc.), in identifying this Nicopolis with that in Thrace, on the Nestus; but makes a stupid mistake in not perceiving that proves that St. Paul was not at Nicopolis when the letter was written. If we suppose that the situation of St. Paul, when writing 2 Tim., must have been somewhere between Dalmatia, Thessalonica, Corinth, Miletus, Ephesus and Troas, then Nicopolis ad Nestum would meet the needs of the case. But the more important Nicopolis in Epirus has found more favour with modern scholars (see art. by W. M. Ramsay in Hastings’ D.B .).
: It is possible that the winter is that mentioned in 2Ti 4:21 . The apostle was not always permitted to exercise the gift of prophecy, in the sense of being able to foretell future events. From this point of view, There I have determined to winter may be compared with the earlier I know that ye all shall see my face no more (Act 20:25 ).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: Tit 3:12-14
12When I send Artemas or Tychicus to you, make every effort to come to me at Nicopolis, for I have decided to spend the winter there. 13Diligently help Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their way so that nothing is lacking for them. 14Our people must also learn to engage in good deeds to meet pressing needs, so that they will not be unfruitful.
Tit 3:12 “Artemas” This man is unknown to us, but not to God.
“Tychicus” He is mentioned in Act 20:4; Eph 6:21-22; Col 4:7-8 and 2Ti 4:12. He is the bearer of Paul’s Prison Letters. These two men were to take Titus’ leadership place on Crete so that he could join Paul for the winter.
This shows that the letter, although written to Titus, was meant to inform, instruct, and encourage the entire church on Crete. Many of Paul’s statements to Titus do not make much sense if Titus were to leave soon after the letter was received unless it was obvious to the Christians that Paul was addressing them through his words to Titus.
“make every effort to come to me” This is an aorist active imperative. Paul did not want to be alone (cf. 2Ti 4:9; 2Ti 4:21), I think because he had severe eye problems probably dating back to his conversion on the Damascus road (cf. Act 9:3-9; Act 9:12; Act 9:17-18). I believe his “thorn in the flesh” (cf. 2Co 12:7) was probably this eye problem. Notice the unusual statement in Gal 4:15. Also in Gal 6:11 Paul comments about his own handwriting being very large. He wrote the last few lines of his letters to authenticate them (cf. 2Th 2:2; 2Th 3:17; 1Co 16:21; Col 4:18; Phm 1:19).
“Nicopolis” There are several cities by this name, which means “victory-town.” This was probably the coastal town close to the site of the battle of Actium.
Tit 3:13
NASB”diligently help. . .on their way”
NKJV”send. . .on their journey with haste”
NRSV”make every effort to send. . .on their way”
TEV”do your best to help. . .to get started on their travels”
NJB”help eagerly on their way”
This is the adverb spoudais, which means “earnestly” or “eagerly” or “diligently” (cf. Luk 7:4 and a related term in Php 2:28). It is combined with the aorist active imperative propemp, which meant to furnish everything needed for a journey (cf. 3Jn 1:6; and Act 15:3). Apparently Zenas and Apollos were undertaking a mission activity. Paul asks for similar help from the house churches at Rome in Rom 15:24.
“Zenas the lawyer” Whether he was a Jewish or Greek lawyer is unknown.
“Apollos” He was a very eloquent preacher from Alexandria who was helped to fully understand the gospel by Priscilla and Aquila (cf. Act 18:24; Act 18:28; Act 19:1; 1Co 1:12; 1Co 3:5-6; 1Co 3:22; 1Co 4:6; 1Co 16:12). These two men were probably the bearers of Paul’s letter to Titus.
Tit 3:14 “Our people must also learn to engage in good deeds” This is a Present active imperative (cf. Tit 1:16; Tit 2:7; Tit 2:14; Titus 3:18), encouraging missionaries is an evangelistic activity (cf. Tit 2:7; Tit 2:14; Tit 3:8).
“so that they will not be unfruitful” The term “unfruitful” is ambiguous. I think it is parallel to Paul’s “in vain” (cf. eik in 1Co 15:2; Gal 3:4; Gal 4:11 or kenos in 1Co 15:10; 1Co 15:58; 2Co 6:1; Gal 2:2; Php 2:16; 1Th 2:1; 1Th 3:5), which refers to the establishment of effective evangelistic and mission-minded churches. Paul started churches in selected areas for the purpose of evangelizing the entire region. If for some reasonthese initial congregations lost sight of their “great commission” purpose, then their planting was in vain!
send. App-174.
Artemas. Not mentioned elsewhere.
Tychicus. See Act 20:4. Eph 6:21. Col 4:7. 2Ti 4:12.
diligent. Greek. spoadazd. Compare Tit 3:13.
to. App-104.
Nicopolis. It is uncertain which of the cities bearing this name is here referred to.
determined. App-122.
winter. Greek. paracheimazo. Elsewhere, Act 27:12; Act 28:11. 1Co 16:6.
12-14.] VARIOUS DIRECTIONS.
Tit 3:12. , Artemas or Tychicus) into whose hands Titus might deliver the lamp of the Gospel.- , to come to me) when affairs in Crete shall have been more fully set in order.-, there) He does not say here. Paul was not yet at Nicopolis.
Tit 3:12
When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus,-Artemas is not mentioned elsewhere. Tychicus is mentioned several times as a messenger of the churches in carrying the contribution to Jerusalem and in communicating with Paul. (Act 20:4; Eph 6:21; Col. 4; 7; 2Ti 4:12.) Artemas doubtless served the same offices.
give diligence to come unto me to Nicopolis:-The Nicopolis to which Paul urged Titus to come is probably the city of that name situated on the southeast promontory of Epirus in Greece. If this view is correct, Pauls labors most likely extended to Italy. Nicopolis was situated only a few miles from Preveza, the chief city of Epirus today.
for there I have determined to winter.-Nicopolis is in a warm climate, and Paul was now old and feeble and enjoyed the warm weather.
Tychicus: Act 20:4, 2Ti 4:12
be: 2Ti 4:9, 2Ti 4:21
for: 1Co 16:6, 1Co 16:8, 1Co 16:9
Reciprocal: Act 17:15 – receiving 2Co 2:1 – I determined Eph 6:21 – Tychicus Col 4:7 – Tychicus
Tit 3:12. Chapter 1:5 states that Titus was “left” in Crete for some extensive work. Hence this instruction for him to meet Paul at Nicapolis (of Macedonia), was for consultation. Artemas and Tychicus were friends and companions of Paul, whom he was planning to send to Crete, at which time Titus. was to come to the apostle as instructed. That particular meeting place was designated because Paul had decided to pass the winter there.
Conclusion: Personal Directions, 12-15.
Tit 3:12. Titus was soon to be replaced that he might rejoin the apostle.
Artemas is unknown; by tradition, Bishop of Lystra.
Tychicus, of the province of Asia (Act 20:4), who carried from Rome the letters to Colosse (Col 4:7-8), and to Ephesus (so called; see Eph 6:21-22). In his second imprisonment, Paul again sent him to Ephesus (2Ti 4:12). There were various cities called Nicopolia. Paul is supposed to mean the town in Epirus founded in memory of the battle of Actium on the Spot where the army of Augustus halted. Though only thirty years old at this time, it was the chief town in Western Greece. Probably it was there, during approaching winter, that Paul was arrested and sent to Rome for the last time.
Our apostle having finished all such common precepts as respected the whole church in Crete, he now passeth to such private affairs as did more particularly respect the person of Titus and himself.
First, he desires Titus to come to him to Nicopolis from Crete, but not before he had sent thither Artemas of Tychicus to officiate in his place. Wonderful care of the holy apostle! and a mighty concern for the welfare of the churches! St. Paul very well knew how fatal and dangerous it might be to the churches to be left destitute of their spiritual guides, though for a very small time. St. Paul knew the malice of the devil, the subtility of seducers, and the weakness of Christians’ faith, too well, to give all or any of them advantages of doing mischief on the absence of Titus from them.
Closing Words
Perhaps in conjunction with helping Zenas and Apollos on their journey, Paul repeated his instruction for Titus to urge the brethren to maintain good works. They were to be especially mindful of pressing needs. Caring for the needs of others causes one to bear fruit in the Lord’s service ( Tit 3:14 ; Tit 3:8 ; Tit 2:7 ; Tit 2:14 ; 1Ti 2:10 ; 1Ti 5:10 ; 1Ti 6:18 ; 2Ti 2:21 ; Mat 25:31-46 ). Paul closed by relaying the greetings of all the brethren with him to Titus. In turn, he asked Titus to convey his greetings to those who loved him because of their common faith. His final prayer for the young preacher and brethren, since this “you” is plural, is for God’s unmerited favor to be on them ( Tit 3:15 ).
Tit 3:12. When I shall send Artemas to thee, or Tychicus To succeed thee in thy office; be diligent to come unto me Tychicus is often mentioned in St. Pauls epistles, but of Artemas we know nothing: only from this passage it appears that he was a faithful and able teacher, and fit to supply Tituss place in Crete. At Nicopolis There was a city of this name in Macedonia, on the confines of Thrace; also one in Epirus, and another in Pontus. The one in Epirus was built opposite to Actium, and named Nicopolis, or the city of victory, in memory of the victory which Augustus obtained over Antony and Cleopatra. It is probable that this was the Nicopolis here referred to: many think the Nicopolis in Macedonia was intended. For I have determined to winter there This manner of speaking shows that the apostle was at liberty when he wrote this epistle, and consequently that it was written in the interval between his first and second imprisonment, and not from Nicopolis; for he was not there when he wrote it, but only expected to be there by and by. See the preface.
Tit 3:12-15. Closing Messages.
Paul will send Artemas or Tychicus to fill Titus post when he leaves for Nicopolis (doubtless the Nicopolis in Epirus). For Tychicus see 2Ti 4:12*, which implies that he was not actually chosen for Crete. Of Artemas we know nothing. Zenas and Apollos may well have carried this letter to Titus. Zenas, like Arternas, is unknown: he would probably be a lawyer in the Jewish sense. Apollos appears in Act 18:24; Act 19:1; 1Co 1:12. For the significance of the historical allusions see Introduction, at end of 1.
Tit 3:14. necessary uses: e.g. such hospitality as Zenas and Apollos required.
(See also Supplement)
Verse 12
The name of Artemas is not elsewhere mentioned. Tychicus is spoken of Acts 20:4. There were several cities named Nicopolis in the various provinces visited by Paul, and it is uncertain which was here intended.–There to winter. This expression seems to imply that Paul was not then at Nicopolis, as is stated in the subscription at the end of the Epistle. These subscriptions are not to be considered as a part of the inspired volume. They are in many instances supposed to be erroneous.
When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter.
We now shift to some personal matters and plans of the apostle Paul.
Artemas: This man’s name means “gift of Artemis.” This reference is the only allusion to this man in the Bible.
Tychicus: Tychicus means “fateful.”
We know little of these two men, but they must have been quite valuable for Paul to send one of them to Crete, probably to carry on the oversight of the churches of Crete after Titus had gone.
Tychicus is mentioned also in Act 20:4; Eph 6:21; Eph 6:24; Col 4:7; Col 4:18; 2Ti 4:12 and here in Tit 3:12.
He is more than an acquaintance it seems from Act 20:4 “…Tychicus, a beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord….” From the Ephesians passage it is learned that he wrote the book to the Ephesians believers for Paul, or at his direction/quotation. Again in Colossians we see the closeness between this man and Paul, “…Tychicus declare unto you, [who is] a beloved brother, and a faithful minister and fellowservant in the Lord:”
Like Ephesians, Colossians was penned, at least partially, by Tychicus ( Col 4:18). A very important man to Paul it would seem, yet Paul was willing to give up this man to gain benefit from Titus. You can only imagine how valuable Titus must have been to Paul. It may also be that Paul needed Titus’s spiritual gift rather than that of Tychicus for the next portion of his ministry.
Nicopolis: Nicopolis means “city of victory” and there were a number of cities by that name around the travels of Paul. Many of the conquerors would rename a city Nicopolis to commemorate their victory. (Gill suggests that this is the Nicopolis of Thrace but gives no real basis for that statement. Life Application Bible states that it was on the western coast of Greece.)
Now, little can be gained from this verse but note that Paul wants Titus to leave Crete and come to him, thus he EXPECTS Titus to finish his work in a matter of weeks or at most months! Think back through all the things he is to teach the people and wonder at how he could accomplish so much. It must have been done by some serious time spending on the part of the people with Titus to learn all this stuff. More than three hours a week I’d guess!
There is another truth here of interest. Some quote Jam 4:13 “Go to now, ye that say, To day or to morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain: 14 Whereas ye know not what [shall be] on the morrow. For what [is] your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away.” as teaching that we ought not make plans for the future. This passage in Titus counters that thought. The James passage and the Titus passage must be understood within their own contexts as well as the Bible the context in which they reside.
Paul made plans. This is evident elsewhere in the Word, however the Spirit stopped him from accomplishing some of those plans. We should plan the best we can knowing our situation, then allow God to make modifications to our plans as the need fits His Will.
James is simply telling his reader not to make and count on plans, for their life is tenuous. He is not saying make no plans whatsoever.
3:12 {5} When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter.
(5) Last of all, he writes a word or two regarding personal matters, and commends certain men.
III. CONCLUSION 3:12-15
Paul closed this epistle by sending Titus instructions concerning fellow workers, a final charge, and greetings. He did so to enable him to complete his task of setting the church in order.
Paul evidently intended to send either Artemas or Tychicus (2Ti 4:12) to take Titus’ place in Crete. Paul wanted Titus to join him for the coming winter in Nicapolis ("city of victory"), probably the one in Illyricum that lay on the Adriatic coast of western Greece opposite northern Italy.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Fuente: Everett’s Study Notes on the Holy Scriptures
Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Fuente: Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer’s New Testament Commentary
Final Directions and Greetings
2. Between the Christian philanthropy which Paul here enjoins, and the mere humanitarian philanthropy which finds so many defenders in our day, there is a great difference in respect to their origin, extent, power, aim, and practical result, which can in no wise be overlooked or disregarded.
Spiritual need lays a foundation for duties, that one may not be able to stand aloof from another; Bengel.
Fuente: A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, Critical, Doctrinal, and Homiletical by Lange
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
Fuente: You Can Understand the Bible: Study Guide Commentary Series by Bob Utley
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Fuente: The Greek Testament
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
Fuente: Expository Notes with Practical Observations on the New Testament
Fuente: Gary Hampton Commentary on Selected Books
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Fuente: Peake’s Commentary on the Bible
Fuente: Abbott’s Illustrated New Testament
Fuente: Mr. D’s Notes on Selected New Testament Books by Stanley Derickson
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)
Fuente: Expository Notes of Dr. Constable (Old and New Testaments)