Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Samuel 15:2
Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I remember [that] which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid [wait] for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt.
2. I remember ] Rather, I have reviewed, or, considered. Vulg. recensui.
that which Amalek did to Israel ] The origin of the powerful tribe of the Amalekites is uncertain. According to one view they had migrated from the East: according to another they were the descendants of Esau’s grandson Amalek (Gen 36:12). They were a nomad people, roaming over the wilderness which lies to the south and south-west of Palestine and stretches down into the peninsula of Sinai. They disputed the passage of the Israelites, but were signally defeated at Rephidim (Exo 17:8). Upon a later occasion they joined with the Canaanites, and were victorious in a battle near Hormah (Num 14:45). In league with the Moabites (Jdg 3:13) and Midianites (Jdg 6:3) they continued to harass the Israelites alter their entrance into Canaan. As the first of the heathen nations who opposed the progress of God’s people after the Exodus they were doomed to utter destruction (Exo 17:16; Num 24:20; Deu 25:17-19), and the time had now come for the execution of this sentence.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Compare the marginal references. It appears 1Sa 14:48 that this expedition against Amalek was not made without fresh provocation. Probably some incursion similar to that described in 1 Sam. 30 was made by them upon the south country at a time when they thought the Israelites were weakened by their contests with the Philistines.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
1Sa 15:2-3
Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, I remember that which Amalek did to Israel.
National sins and national punishments
We turn from Saul to the case of those against whom he was sent. Thus saith the Lord of hosts, I remember that which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid wait for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt. Then God does remember sin. He not only notices it, but remembers it. A lengthened period had transpired since the Amalekites had thus manifested their sympathy with the enemies of Israel, by throwing hindrances in the way of Gods chosen people as they came out of Egypt to Canaan. And, to all appearance, their sin might have been regarded as consigned to oblivion. But God had declared that it should not be forgotten. (Exo 17:14, Deu 25:17-19.) Upon the oblivion of four centuries there broke the awful tones of Almighty Justice: I remember that, which Amalek did From that Infinite Mind there had been no obliteration of the crime; clear as the day on which it had been committed, that sin stood out to view. I remember. Divine forbearance with generation after generation had been long, but upon them that forbearance had been lost, and it is evident they had not profited by it. They still remained the foes of Israel; their conduct as a nation was marked by excessive cruelty; and it was a horrible notoriety which their king had obtained for the multitudes of mothers whom, in his bloodthirstiness, his sword had rendered childless. In the determination on the part of God now to punish, the utterance of which was prefaced by those emphatic words, I remember, we are distinctly taught the lesson that the conduct of nations is a point to which the eye of God is directed, and that it is the matter for which His just penalty will be reserved. Whole nations come within the reach of His rod. By the individuals composing a community, and whose personal welfare or woe is necessarily identified with the condition of the community, there is a great danger that national sin should be regarded rather as an abstraction than as a reality, rather as an ideal than a substantial criminality. But it is not thus that God, in the incident before us, deals with it. He affixes it, as a substantive charge, upon the community. We have a rule here to which we find no exception. But nowhere does this rule meet with so fearful an exemplification as in the case of that very people whose guardian God showed Himself to be in this act of visiting Amaleks transgression–that very Israel on whose behalf He was now standing up to repel insult and to avenge injury. I remember–read it in those seventy years exile from the land which had been given for an inheritance–that long and dreary period, during which Zions history was thus announced in plaintive tones by the prophet, How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is she become as a widow! etc. I remember–read it in its reiterated and double-telling tones in that second destruction which succeeded a second opportunity given to the Hebrew people of a sound national repentance and reformation–that second opportunity which was lost when formalism was substituted for spiritual religion. Hark to the words of mingled compassion and judgment which fall from His lips as He stands over against the city and wasps, O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, etc. If national sin brings with it national calamity, then the lengthening out Of our prosperity must depend on the caution which is exercised, lest any sin should be permitted and indulged, until it shall become distinctive of our national character. Is there nothing among ourselves over which there floats, audible to the men who seek the best welfare of their country and deprecate its woe, the sound of that sentence, I remember? Are not its murmurs to be heard at this moment, amid political excitements and difficulties of administration? I remember the Sabbaths which are systematically broken by those who take their pleasure on my holy day. I remember the intemperance of those who rise up early in the morning that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them. I remember the want of truthfulness in the manner of conducting business, the unjust advantages taken of the buyer, the false representations made by the seller, although my word has declared that a false balance is abomination to the Lord, but a just weight is His delight. I remember the concealed iniquity of men who, with a fancied impunity, perpetrated the foulest crimes, reckless of every consideration but that of inconvenient exposure. Our patriotism, to be effective, must be of the right stamp; and to prove itself of this stamp it must itself consent to learn its lessons from that chief source of all instruction, the Scriptures–confirmed, as the sacred teachings are, by the dispensations of Divine Providence There may be a diversity in the manner in which individuals may have been guilty, in reference to the sum total of the public guilt. Some may have been the direct actors, and others may have been partakers in their sins. From all which has been stated it will follow–
1. That it is a duty constantly incumbent upon us, as members of the community, to inquire into our personal relation to that public criminality of which God says, I remember it, and to make it the matter of our individual repentance and humiliation. If personally, and through Gods grace, these things cannot be described as committed by me, yet do I give any sanction to them in others? Do I protest against them? Do I exert my influence to lessen their amount?
2. The sins of nations, which call down wrath, being thus the accumulation of the sins of individuals, those will do most to prevent public calamity, to ensure national prosperity, and thus will do most for their country, who make a stand for God against that which would displease Him; who, in their own immediate spheres, seek, in dependence upon His grace, to yield to His authority, and to illustrate His religion; and who let their light so shine before men that they may see their good works, and glorify their Father which is in heaven. Personal religion is the best patriotism. The fear of God pervading mens hearts is the surest provision against national calamity, because it is the opposite of national sin. Go, then, and exercise your civil privileges, your social rights, in the fear of the God of nations. Set Him at your right hand. (J. A. Miller.)
The commission of judgment
The Amalekites are supposed by some to have descended from Amalek grandson of Esau (Gen 36:12) But against this view it may he forcibly objected:
1. That a nation so powerful and so widely diffused, could scarcely have sprung up in so short a period;
2. That the seat of Esau and his posterity was much more easterly than the realm of the Amalekites; and
3. That it is not easy to suppose such near relatives of Israel exposed to such a doom, while Edom and Moab were so scrupulously spared on account of their relationship. But it is not improbable that a brave and warlike chief like Esau might, through his family, wield a powerful influence among the desert tribes, and even supply them with a name. The matter, however, is not of importance, compared with the consideration of their crime and its punishment. The assault of the Amalekites was an offence of high aggravation. It was made when Israel had newly entered on their wanderings (Exo 17:8-16); and as the first onset of enemies it was marked by singular audacity, and attended with peculiar danger to Israel. They were ringleaders They broke the peace, and inaugurated a hostile dealing with the people. Moreover, their attack was entirely unprovoked. Besides the manner of attack was treacherous and cruel (Deu 25:17-19), he smote the hindmost of thee, even all that were feeble behind thee, when thou wast faint and weary. Hence, in Deu 25:18, the real point of the charge against Amalek is this: he feared not God.
There was something peculiarly daring and insolent in his conduct. He seems to have deliberately chosen the earliest period of assaulting them, undismayed by the terrible doings of the past, and undeterred by the pledged protection and guidance of the future. It was an eager and determined defiance of the God of Israel. Such an attitude and bearing must be providentially taken notice of. The sovereign Lord will set Himself right at once with the nations. His counsel shall stand. The daring sinners have despised His covenant with Israel; He will meet this by another covenant regarding them. Their destruction is decided by oath. Such is the whole case against Amalek. It might seem as if the bare statement of it were enough to vindicate the Divine dealing with them. But inasmuch as ungodly men have inveighed against this dealing, and have drawn from it dark colours wherewith to sketch a gloomy caricature of the Most High; and, particularly, inasmuch as natural feeling even in the good is ever liable to a relapse into disloyal sympathy with offending fellows, a few further remarks on the subject may do some useful service.
1. Whatever objection may be raised against the dealings of God in the case of Amalek applies equally to innumerable similar cases. Take, for example, the destruction of Lisbon by an earthquake in 1755. Here we find actually occurring substantially the same woe that was denounced against Amalek. There is the same sudden, violent, widespread, indiscriminate ruin. The only differences are these: The destruction affected only a portion of the people; and the instrument employed was a blind material force, instead of an army of rational and moral beings. But these affect not the real identity of the two cases. On the question of justice, or of mercy, they fall into the same category. He who impeaches the justice of Amaleks overthrow must be prepared in consistency to carry his condemnation over the whole breadth of Gods providential government. To slay a great criminal, fierce, malignant, and strong, was in one view an act of self-defence, in another, an act of retribution; and to do it at the command of a holy God was a teat and a training of the highest spiritual affections of a creature.
2. No individual Amalekite suffered more than he deserved. To this it will be immediately answered: This is impossible, for children were involved in the doom of adult sinners. We own the fact, and the difficulty growing out of it. We are persuaded, moreover, that no reasoning of man shall ever fully dissipate the mysterious darkness that hangs about the death of infants. But the mystery and gloom refer mainly to the fact, not to the matter of its occurrence. It is indeed a sad and awful thing to see young buds torn violently from the stem of life by the rude hand of war. But, alas! the hand of other spoilers has made larger havoc. Disease has filled, by millions, more infant graves than war. Will they who cavil at the commanded slaughter of the sword explain and vindicate the larger mortality of disease? They call the ills of infancy natural. It is a gross mistake. They are unnatural, abnormal, manifestly punitive. And when we say punitive, we approach nearer a solution of the great problem–instead of, as some affirm, adding to its gloom. For whether does it present, most difficulty, to view this wide-wasting death of yet irresponsible beings as the infliction of pure sovereignty, or as the result of violated law! Is it not clear that when we interpose the idea of a federal relationship, a principle of representation, by which sin transmits its doom, as by natural descent it transmits its virus, to each rising generation, we have advanced a step outwards from the dark nucleus of the difficulty.
3. The visitation of vengeance was a valuable means of moral influence. To Israels heart it was fitted to carry impressive conviction of Gods immovable determination to carry out, His purposes of love, to be their bulwark against surrounding heathenism, and to preserve them for the glories and the happiness of the future. To Israels conscience it was fraught with most powerful stimulus–awfully reminding them of the lofty supremacy, unswerving veracity, and unsparing righteousness of their God. And so this dreadful sentence of extermination is most useful. The Lord has need of it. It is one of a series of judgments that lift their terrible tops in sight of hostile heathenism, and stand as sentinels of God around the sacred people. Human life is a sacred thing. But He surely knows this full well who has so carefully hedged it about, who marks even a sparrows fall, and who has in gratuitous tenderness left yet to this abode of rebels its music and its flowers. And the honour of that mighty Lord, the safety of His people, the accomplishment of His grand remedial designs, are immeasurably more sacred. (P. Richardson, B. A.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Verse 2. I remember that which Amalek did] The Amalekites were a people of Arabia Petraea, who had occupied a tract of country on the frontiers of Egypt and Palestine. They had acted with great cruelty towards the Israelites on their coming out of Egypt. (See Ex 17:8, and the notes there.) They came upon them when they were faint and weary, and smote the hindermost of the people-those who were too weak to keep up with the rest. (See De 25:18) .And God then purposed that Amalek, as a nation, should be blotted out from under heaven; which purpose was now fulfilled by Saul upwards of four hundred years afterwards!
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
I seem to have forgotten, but now I will show that I remember, and now will revenge, those old injuries done four hundred years ago, which now I will punish in their children; which was the more just, because they continued in their parents cruel practices, below, 1Sa 15:33. In the way when he came up from Egypt; when he was newly come out of cruel and long bondage, and was now weak, and weary, and faint, and hungry, Deu 25:18; and therefore it was barbarous and inhuman, instead of that pity which even nature prompted them to afford, to add affliction to the afflicted; it was also horrid impiety to fight against God himself, and to lift up their hand in a manner against the Lords throne, as some translate these words, Exo 17:16, whilst they struck at that people which God had brought forth in so stupendous and miraculous a way.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
2, 3. Amalekthe powerfultribe which inhabited the country immediately to the eastward of thenorthern Cushites. Their territory extended over the whole of theeastern portion of the desert of Sinai to Rephidimthe earliestopponent (Deu 25:18; Exo 17:8-16)the hereditary and restless enemy of Israel (Num 14:45;Jdg 3:13; Jdg 6:3),and who had not repented (1Sa14:48) of their bitter and sleepless hatred during the fivehundred years that had elapsed since their doom was pronounced. Beinga people of nomadic habits, they were as plundering and dangerous asthe Bedouin Arabs, particularly to the southern tribes. The nationalinterest required, and God, as KINGOF ISRAEL, decreedthat this public enemy should be removed. Their destruction was to bewithout reservation or exception.
I rememberI amreminded of what Amalek didperhaps by the still remaining trophyor memorial erected by Moses (Exo 17:15;Exo 17:16).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Thus saith the Lord of hosts,…. Of the celestial host of angels, and of the army of Israel, yea, of all the armies of the earth: this is premised to engage the attention of Saul:
I remember that which Amalek did to Israel; four hundred years ago:
how he laid wait for him in the way when he came up from Egypt; in the valley of Rephidim, just before they came to Mount Sinai, and fell upon the rear of them, and smote the feeble, and faint, and weary, see
Ex 17:8
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(2) That which Amalek did to Israel.The Amalekites were a fierce, untameable race of wanderers, who roamed at large through those deserts which lie between Southern Judea and the Egyptian frontier. They were descended from Esaus grandson, Amalek. Not long after the exodus from Egypt, they attacked and cruelly harassed the almost defenceless rear-guard of Israel in the desert of Rephidim. They were then, at the prayer of Moses, defeated by Joshua; but, for this cowardly unprovoked attack, solemnly doomed to destruction. In the prophecy of Balaam they are alluded to as the first of the nations who opposed the Lords people. During the stormy ages that followed, the hand of Amalek seems to have been constantly lifted against Israel, and we read of them perpetually as allied to their relentless foes.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
2. I remember The bitter wars and ancient wrongs against the people of Jehovah are not forgotten by him. And shall he not avenge his own elect? Luk 18:7.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
1Sa 15:2. I remember Literally, I visit, or have my eyes upon; God hereby signifying, that he observed with attentive eyes what Israel had suffered by means of the Amalekites. Houb. See Exo 17:14. Deu 25:19 and the Reflections at the end of the 20th chapter of Deuteronomy.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
(2) Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I remember that which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid wait for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt. (3) Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.
The observation made on the preceding verse meets us with full force in these. When the Lord commands any service, the justice and propriety of the measure, is not to be arraigned at the bar of man’s tribunal. The Lord had sworn to have war with Amalek, from generation to generation. See Exo 17:8-16 . And now the year of the Lord’s vengeance was come, and the iniquity of Amalek is full. Reader! if you are a child of God, do not overlook in this scripture, what is read to you in it: namely, the Lord will subdue all your foes before your face. He hath engaged in covenant promises to do this. And, Reader, do not envy therefore the short-lived triumphs of the ungodly, the Lord hath seen that his day is coming. Every injury done to one of God’s afflicted ones, must sooner or later be accounted for. Psa 37:13 .
Fuente: Hawker’s Poor Man’s Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
1Sa 15:2 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I remember [that] which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid [wait] for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt.
Ver. 2. Thus saith the Lord of hosts. ] Who judgeth righteously, Jer 11:20 and is able to save and to destroy.
I remember that which Amalek did to Israel.
How he laid wait for him in the way.
a Populus Lingens.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
the LORD of hosts. See note on 1Sa 1:3.
I remember. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6.
how he laid wait. Compare Exo 17:8.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
I remember: Jer 31:34, Hos 7:2, Amo 8:7
Amalek: Exo 17:8-16, Num 24:20, Deu 25:17-19
Reciprocal: Gen 36:12 – Amalek Exo 17:14 – for I will Exo 20:5 – visiting Jos 8:4 – lie in wait 1Ch 10:13 – even against Psa 137:7 – Remember Psa 149:7 – General Jer 14:10 – he will