Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of 1 Samuel 17:36
Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God.
36. seeing he hath defied, &c.] “The trusting heart of God’s servant could see no ground for fearing one who came forth to defy Jehovah.” Wilberforce’s Heroes, p. 242.
The Sept. reads: “Shall I not go and smite him, and take away the reproach from Israel this day? for who is this uncircumcised, who hath reproached the army of the living God?”
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
1Sa 17:36-37
Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear.
The lion and the bear
Davids first battles were with a lion and a bear. His next with the Philistine Goliath, and after that with many enemies, with the Amalekites, the Philistines, the Moabites, the Syrians, the Edomites, and others. It seems to me that you have two enemies to contend with in your youth–violence and bearishness. Until you have conquered these you will not have proved yourselves worthy to go against greater foes.
1. Violence of temper is the lion with which you have to fight. Angry passions are the first passions that assail you. Anger is natural; and in itself is not wrong. But it is sinful when it masters you. When a lion is in a cage, and allowed no opportunity of tearing and killing, you do not fear him, but when he breaks out of the cage, then everyone takes to flight. Anger is not wrong when the cause is just, the feeling moderate, and the desire of punishment proportioned to the offence.
2. The other enemy you have to contend with is Bearishness. The greatest charm in a boy is politeness, or civility; and this is not so often met with as one could wish. Boys and girls are now allowed so much liberty, that they behave as if they owed no consideration, respect, or deference, to their elders and betters. It used to be said that bears never allowed their cubs to be seen out of the cave in which they were born until they had licked them into shape, for infant bear cubs were misformed hideous little beasts, but the mother by pains and constant licking got them into something like shape. I am afraid that too many little human bear cubs are allowed out before they are licked into shape. Now what is the cause of bearishness? of cubbishness? It is thought of self. The boy or girl whose mind is fixed on self is sure not to have thought of the wants and wishes of others, and to be without the respect due to others. In the upper classes of society it would be thought so disgraceful for ladies and gentlemen to turn out bear cubs into the world, that they are obliged to lick them into shape, and make them learn manners. They put on manners as they put on their clothes. But it would be much better if the Bear were killed, instead of being hidden in a cupboard. It too often happens with those who have been taught to be polite and courteous, without being taught also to conquer the evil principle which lies at the root of cubbishness, that on occasions the bad beast breaks out, bursts through all restraints, and then we see that gentle manner was put on, and is not real. The bear is in the cupboard and hidden, but it is alive and impatient of restraint, and takes the first opportunity to show itself selfishness is the mother of bearishness. If the lion is feared the bear is loathed And the bearish child is a most offensive child, and grows up into a most offensive man or woman. Bearishness is exactly the reverse of what should be the character of a Christian. The Christian religion softens, and refines, it teaches all to be kindly to one another, to love as brethren, to be pitiful and courteous. (S. Baring Gould, M. A.)
The lion and the bear: trophies hung up
We shall see what made David so calm and self-possessed as to venture where nobody else would venture, and take up the gauntlet and dare to be the champion of the living God.
I. The confidence of David.
1. The confidence of David was grounded upon his own personal experience.
2. You will notice that in his confidence there is a blending of the human with the Divine. Observe: Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them:–That is the human. David said moreover, The Lord that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out, of the paw of the hear, He will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine:–That is the Divine side of it. Work for God with all your might, as if you did it all; but then always remember that it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of His good pleasure. How is that Philistine to be killed? By God, says one. True; but not without David. By David, says another. Yes, but not without God. Put the Lord on the march with David, and you put the Philistines into untimely graves.
3. I want you to notice in Davids confidence that he had go practically observed the service of the human side that he speaks of it first. If you did work valiantly by the help of the Spirit of God, you did do it, and should not refuse to say so. How are you to glorify God by denying the fruit of His Spirit? It is the glory of God that He led you to holy labour, and helped you in it.
4. Although David thus speaks of the human first, yet be speaks of the Divine most.
5. Now I want to go a little further, and show that Davids confidence rested mainly in the immutability of God, the Divine Worker.
6. This leads me to observe that Davids confidence also proceeded upon his firm conviction that, the immutable God being with him, he himself would be sufficient for the present emergency.
II. David is a very fit and wonderful type of the great son of David, the Lord Jesus Christ. (C. H. Spurgeon.)
The lion-slayer-The giant-killer
What was the pith of Davids argument? What were the five smooth stones which he threw at the head of carnal reasoning?
I. Recollections. Now, what did David recollect, for I want you to remember the same?
1. He recollected, first, that, whatever his present trial might be, he had been tried before, tried when he was but a young man, peacefully employed in keeping his flocks.
2. He remembered, too, that he had been tried frequently. He had been not only attacked by a lion, but also by a bear.
3. David recollected that he had risked all in the prosecution of his duty.
4. He remembered that he had on that occasion gone alone to the fray.
5. David also recollected that on that occasion when he smote the lion and the bear he had nothing visible to rely upon, but simply trusted his God.
6. David recollected also that the tactics which he adopted on that occasion were natural, artless, and vigorous.
7. David remembered that by confidence in God his energetic fighting gained the victory.
II. Now for reasonings. David used an argument in which no flaw can be found. He said The case of this Philistine is a parallel one to that of the lion. If I act in the same manner by faith in God with this giant as I did with the lion, God is the same, and therefore the result will be the same. That seems to me to be very clear reasoning, and I bid you adopt it. Let us now consider the case, and we shall see that it really was parallel. There was the flock, defenceless; here was Israel, Gods flock, defenceless, too, with no one to take up its cause. He was alone that day when he smote the lion, and so he was this day when he was to confront his enormous foe. As for that, Philistine, he felt that in him he had an antagonist of the old sort. It was brute force before, it was brute force now: it might take the shape of a lion or a bear or a Philistine, but David considered that it was only so much flesh and bone and muscle, so much brag or roar, tooth or spear The whole argument is this, in the one case by such tactics we have been successful, trusting in God, and therefore in a similar case we have only to do the same, and we shall realise the same victory, I know a man who today says, Yes, what we did in years gone by we did in our heroic age, but we are not, so enthusiastic now. And why not? We are so apt to magnify our former selves, and think of our early deeds as of something to be wondered at, but not to be attempted now. Fools that we are! They were little enough in all conscience, and ought to be outdone. This resting on our oars will not do, we are drifting down with the tide. David did not say, I slew a lion and a bear, I have had my turn at such bouts, let somebody else go and fight that Philistine: yet we have heard people say, When I was a young man I taught in the Sunday school, I used to go out preaching in the villages, and so on. Oh, and why not do it now? Methinks you ought to be doing more instead of less.
III. The last thing is results. The results were:
1. David felt he would, as he did before, rely upon God alone.
2. David resolved again to run all risks once more, as he had done before.
3. Davids next step was to put himself into the same condition as on former occasions, by divesting himself of everything that hampered him. The ultimate result was that the young champion came back with Goliaths head in his hand, and equally sure triumphs await every one of you if you rely on the Lord, and act in simple earnestness. (C. H. Spurgeon.)
How may the well-discharge of our present duty give us assurance of help from God for the well-discharge of all future duties
This question hath two parts in it, and cannot be so well grounded upon a single text; therefore I shall name three or four, namely, 1Sa 17:34-37; Psa 27:14; Pro 10:29; 2Ch 15:2. I name these several scriptures as so many proofs of the truth of the point, that it is a case very agreeable to the Scriptures and to the analogy of faith.
I. What is our present duty?
1. What duty is, in the general nature and notion of it. It is an act of obedience to the will of our superiors. Duty is that which is due from man to God: it is justice toward God.
2. Something is our present duty. God hath filled up all our time with duty: not one moment left at our own disposal.
3. Nothing that is sinful and in itself unlawful can be our duty at any time; and therefore, to be sure, not our present duty.
4. Every thing that is in itself lawful is not therefore our duty. All things are lawful, but all things are not expedient. (1Co 6:12.)
5. Everything that is commanded, and is in its time and place our duty, may not be our present duty. Affirmatives bind always; that is, we can never be discharged from that obligation that lies upon us to worship God: but we are not bound at all times to the outward acts of worship; for then we should do nothing else.
6. That which God now requires of you, and in doing of which you may most glorify God and edify your neighbour–that is undoubtedly your present duty. How shall we know this? Always look within your calling for your present, duty; for there it lies. General: As we are Christians, so all saints are of the same calling: Called to be saints. (Rom 1:7.) Particular: So we differ in our callings. Some are called to the magistracy, some to the ministry; some are masters, some servants; some called to this, some to that, trade or occupation. Much of the duties of our Christian calling do follow us into our particular callings. As duties of worship must be performed in our families every day, let our particular calling be what it will; so the same graces must be exercised in our particular callings, which were required in our general callings: the same graces do follow us into our particular callings and into all the works of our hands. You see, your present duty lies in your present work, in the daily business of your particular callings. Herein lies the nature of all practical holiness–to do everything after a godly sort. The directions I give you relate only to the religious manner of doing what you do; though it is God that instructs you to discretion in all worldly business. (Isa 28:26.) Whatever your skill and insight is in your calling, prayer may make you wiser: you may obtain a more excellent spirit in your way than you now have, if you seek it of God. (Exo 35:31-33.) Though you are left to the use of your reason as men, yet faith must go along with it as you are Christians. Therefore I shall show you how to put forth an act of reason in faith How may we know when reason and faith go together? 1 When, at our entrance upon any business, we seek wisdom and understanding from God, stirring up our reason by our faith, looking up to Him from whom cometh every good and perfect gift (Jam 1:17) that He would instruct us unto discretion.
2. When, in answer to faith and prayer, thoughts do come in that clear up our way to us, and do put us into a right method, pointing out such probable means, inclining to such apposite counsel, as in a rational way tend to the expediting of that business which we are about.
3. When, under the greatest assurances of our own reason, we yet live in a humble dependence upon God for success. He puts forth an act of reason in faith, who trusts to God, and not to his own reason. It is our duty to make use of it as men, though as Christians we ought not to trust in it.
(1) Consider present Providences.
(2) Consult thy conscience.
(3) Consider what present temptation thou art under.
(4) Consult with the word of God.
(5) Devote thyself in sincerity to the fear of God, through the whole course of thy life.
But what if, after all this, it should so fall out that two duties should press upon my conscience for present performance, and! cannot either by reason or Scripture, determine which to do first, but do hang in suspense, am in a strait betwixt two? (Php 1:23.) This is hardly to be supposed: but, admit it to be thy case, according to thy present judgment; then
1. Sit down once more, and consider.
2. If of two duties you cannot resolve which is most your duty at present, then resolve upon both, and begin where you will. God will not be extreme in that case. Do one, and leave not the other undone, but be sure to find time for that also.
3. Beg of God to resolve thee. O that my ways were directed to keep Thy statutes! (Psa 119:5.) Shall I go up to Hebron? or shall I not? (2Sa 2:1.) God will teach thee what to do. (Psa 25:12) He shall direct thy paths, (Pro 3:5-6.)
Application.
1. All the sins of your lives break in upon you, through the omission of your present duty.
2. Whatever you do in the room of a present duty is not acceptable to God.
3. If you do not now perform your present duty, you can never perform it.
4. You can have as trial of your spirit, nor of the truth of your state: it is impossible that you should ever prove your sincerity, but by a conscientious discharge of your present duty.
5. You cannot walk evenly with God, if you do not your present duty. Some men walk very unevenly: there are so many gaps in their obedience; they move from duty to duty, quite leaping over some, and lightly touching upon others, as if they had no great mind to any: they act grace so abruptly that it gives no continued sense; we know not where to find them. There are so many vacant spaces, so many blanks of omission, so many blots and blurs of commission: they drop a duty here, and another half-mile off; so that you cannot say, A man of God went this way. (1Ki 13:12.)
6. You must begin somewhere, at some present duty: why not at this? It will be as difficult, nay, more difficult, to come to Christ tomorrow than it is today: therefore today hear His voice, and harden not your heart. (Psa 95:7-8.) Break the ice now, and by faith venture upon thy present duty, wherever it lies: do what you are now called to.
II. How the well-discharge of our present duty may encourage us to hope in God for His help and assistance in all future duties.
1. It is promised. (2Ch 15:2.)
2. Present grace is a pledge of future grace. To him that hath, more shall be given. (Luk 19:17; Luk 19:26).
3. The experience of the saints confirms this. See Psa 18:26; Psa 18:30-32.
4. The saints made this an argument in prayer. (Psa 38:20-22; Psa 119:30-31; Psa 119:94; Psa 119:121; Psa 119:173; Psa 25:21.)
5. A conscientious discharge of our present duty fits and disposes our minds to the next duty.
6. By the well-discharge of our present duty we may attain assurance of salvation. (Col 3:23-24.) (Thomas Cole, A. M.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
Slew both the lion and the bear: this he is probably thought to have done after he was anointed; when he was endowed with singular gifts of Gods Spirit; and, among others, with extraordinary courage of heart and strength of body.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear,…. At different times, and several of them at one time or another; whenever any of them came into the flock, he used to lay hold on them and kill them, with all the ease imaginable. The Jews suppose this phrase denotes many of them h.
And this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them; as he was like them in nature, savage, cruel and unclean, so he would be in his end, killed as they; of this David was fully persuaded and assured in mind having an impulse from the Spirit of God, by which he was certified of it:
seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God; so that as he justly deserved to die, he made no doubt of it it would be his case.
h See Halicot Olam, p. 177.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(36) The lion and the bear.The lion and the bear were, in the days of Saul, common in Palestine; the country then was densely wooded. In some of the wilder districts bears are still numerous.
Shall be as one of them.He, the idolator, must know that he has not to do with mere men, but with God: with a living God will he have to do, and not with a lifeless idol.Berleburger Bible.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
1Sa 17:36 Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God.
Ver. 36. This uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them. ] Death sweepeth, and hell swalloweth all such as are out of the covenant: and although circumcision be nothing, nor uncircumcision, but a new creature: yet as circumcision saved David, a believer, from Goliath; so doth baptism now shend and save us from Satan, yet “not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God.” 1Pe 3:21
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
them. The Septuagint adds “them” and reads “[Shall I not go and smite him, and turn aside reproach to-day from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine] that he hath”, &c.
defied = reproached.
living God, Both these words in plural in Hebrew Compare 1Sa 17:26.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
this: 1Sa 17:26, Eze 32:19, Eze 32:27-32, Rom 2:28, Rom 2:29
seeing: 1Sa 17:10, Isa 10:15, Isa 36:8-10, Isa 36:15, Isa 36:18, Isa 37:22, Isa 37:23, Isa 37:28, Isa 37:29, Zec 2:8, Zec 12:3, Act 5:38, Act 5:39, Act 9:4, Act 9:5, Act 12:1, Act 12:2, Act 12:22, Act 12:23
Reciprocal: Gen 34:14 – uncircumcised Num 23:7 – defy Israel Deu 3:21 – so shall Jos 5:9 – I rolled away Jdg 14:3 – uncircumcised Jdg 15:18 – the uncircumcised 1Sa 14:6 – uncircumcised 1Sa 17:31 – sent for him 1Sa 17:45 – defied 1Sa 18:25 – foreskins 1Sa 31:4 – uncircumcised 2Sa 1:20 – uncircumcised 2Sa 21:21 – defied 2Sa 23:9 – defied 1Ch 10:4 – uncircumcised 1Ch 11:5 – Thou shalt 1Ch 20:7 – defied 2Ch 14:11 – rest on thee 2Ch 32:19 – spake Psa 71:17 – hitherto Psa 108:11 – go forth Psa 140:7 – thou hast covered Ecc 12:1 – Remember Isa 37:4 – to reproach Jer 10:10 – the living Jer 23:36 – of the Eze 28:10 – the deaths Eze 31:18 – thou shalt Dan 6:26 – for Act 14:15 – the living Eph 2:11 – Uncircumcision 1Th 1:9 – the living 1Ti 3:15 – the living Rev 7:2 – living
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
1Sa 17:36-37. Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear, &c. There is a remarkable, and never to be sufficiently admired modesty in this relation of David, which he concludes by attributing all he had done to the goodness and power of God. And he takes encouragement from the experience which he had already had of these divine attributes being exerted on his behalf on a less important occasion, to believe that they would be exerted on this occasion also, which was much more important, as peculiarly involving the glory of God and the best interests of his people, which had not been the case in the former instances. This uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them Goliath debased himself below a brute by his blasphemy, and therefore he now carried no more terror with him to David than a lion or a bear. Seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God Here we see the foundation of Davids confidence of success. The Philistine had defied the living God in defying his armies, and had openly avowed himself his enemy. And David therefore comes forward, as his friend, to espouse his cause. It is as if he had said, The lion and the bear were only enemies to me and to my sheep, and it was only in defence of them that I attacked these brute beasts; but this Philistine is an enemy to God and his people, and it is for their honour that I attack him.