Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Daniel 1:2
And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.
2. gave into his hand Jehoiakim, king of Judah, and part, &c.] To ‘give into the hand’ as Jdg 3:10; Jer 20:4; Jer 21:7; Jer 22:25, and frequently. The expression is a strong one, and seems to imply that the writer had in view a defeat, and not merely a timely submission.
the house of God ] A frequent expression in late writers for the Temple (e.g. 2Ch 3:3; 2Ch 4:19 ; 2Ch 5:1; 2Ch 5:14; 2Ch 7:5): earlier writers say nearly always ‘the house of Jehovah ’ (e.g. 1Ki 7:40; 1Ki 7:45; 1Ki 7:48; 1Ki 7:51).
which he carried ] and he brought them. The pron. (as the text stands: see below, p. 4) refers to the vessels.
Shinar ] properly Shin‘ar, a Hebrew name for Babylonia (Gen 10:10; Gen 11:2; Gen 14:1; Gen 14:7; Jos 7:21; Isa 11:11; Zec 5:11), here, no doubt, an old expression revived. The explanation of the name is uncertain, as nothing directly parallel has been found hitherto in the Inscriptions. According to some Assyriologists there are grounds for supposing it to be a dialectic variation of Shumer, the name given in the Inscriptions to South Babylonia [174] ; but this explanation is not accepted by all scholars [175] .
[174] As in the common title of the Assyrian kings, ‘King of Shumer and Akkad’ (Akkad being North Babylonia): so Delitzsch, Paradies (1881), p. 198, Assyr. Gramm. (1889), 49 a, Rem.; Schrader, KAT. 2 p. 118 f.; Prince, p. 58.
[175] Cf. Dillmann on Gen 10:10. Sayce, Patriarchal Palestine, p. 67 f., connects the name with Sangar, a district a little W. of Nineveh.
to the house (i.e. temple) of his god ] If any stress is to be laid upon the particular deity intended, it would be Marduk (the Merodach of Jer 50:2), the patron-god of Babylon. According to 2Ch 36:7, the vessels which Nebuchadnezzar brought to Babylon in the reign of Jehoiakim were placed by him in his palace [176] . But see the next note.
[176] See, however, Ezr 1:7; Ezr 5:14, though the gold and silver vessels mentioned here may be those carried away by Nebuchadnezzar with Jehoiachin (Jer 27:16 [see Dan 1:20, and cf. 2Ki 24:13 ], Jer 28:3), or Zedekiah (2Ki 25:14-15).
and the vessels he brought, &c.] In the Heb. ‘the vessels’ is emphatic by its position, and would naturally imply that something different had been mentioned before. As the verse stands, the clause is almost tautologous with the preceding one: at all events, if the ‘treasure house of his god’ be really a place distinct from the ‘house of his god,’ the correction is attached very awkwardly. Ewald supposed that some words had fallen out, and proposed to read ‘Jehoiakim, king of Judah, with the noblest of the land, and part,’ &c. Certainly the transportation of captives is presupposed in Dan 1:3; but the insertion of these words does not relieve the awkwardness of Dan 1:2. It is better, with Marti, to reject the preceding words, ‘(in) the house of his god,’ as a gloss, intended originally to define the position of the ‘treasure house’ of clause b, which has found its way into the text in a wrong place [177] . Still, the author’s Hebrew is often far from elegant, and the anomalous wording of the verse is possibly original.
[177] The words were not, it seems, in the original LXX. (see Swete, footnote).
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand – Jehoiakim was taken captive, and it would seem that there was an intention to convey him to Babylon 2Ch 36:6, but that for some cause he was not removed there, but died at Jerusalem 2Ki 24:5-6, though he was not honorably buried there, Jer 22:19; Jer 36:30. In the second book of Chronicles 2Ch 36:6, it is said that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and bound Jehoiakim in fetters, to take him to Babylon. Jahn supposes that an error has crept into the text in the book of Chronicles, as there is no evidence that Jehoiakim was taken to Babylon, but it appears from 2Ki 24:1-2, that Jehoiakim was continued in authority at Jerusalem under Nebuchadnezzar three years, and then rebelled against him, and that then Nebuchadnezzar sent against him bands of the Chaldees, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it. There is no necessity of supposing an error in the text in the account in the book of Chronicles. It is probable that Jehoiakim was taken, and that the intention was to take him to Babylon, according to the account in Chronicles, but that, from some cause not mentioned, the purpose of the Chaldean monarch was changed, and that he was placed again over Judah, under Nebuchadnezzar, according to the account in the book of Kings, and that he remained in this condition for three years until he rebelled, and that then the bands of Chaldeans, etc., were sent against him. It is probable that at this time, perhaps while the siege was going on, he died, and that the Chaldeans dragged his dead body out of the gates of the city, and left it unburied, as Jeremiah had predicted, Jer 22:19; Jer 36:30.
With part of the vessels of the house of God – 2Ch 36:7. Another portion of the vessels of the temple at Jerusalem was taken away by Nebuchadnezzar, in the time of Jehoiachin, the successor of Jehoiakim, 2Ch 36:10. On the third invasion of Palestine, the same thing was repeated on a more extensive scale, 2Ki 24:13. At the fourth and final invasion, under Zedekiah, when the temple was destroyed, all its treasures were carried away, 2Ki 25:6-20. A part of these treasures were brought back under Cyrus, Ezr 1:7; the rest under Darius, Ezr 6:5. Why they were not all taken away at first does not appear, but perhaps Nebuchadnezzar did not then intend wholly to overthrow the Hebrew nation, but meant to keep them tributary to him as a people. The temple was not at that time destroyed, but probably he allowed the worship of Jehovah to be celebrated there still, and he would naturally leave such vessels as were absolutely necessary to keep up the services of public worship.
Which he carried into the land of Shinar – The region around Babylon. The exact limits of this country are unknown, but it probably embraced the region known as Mesopotamia – the country between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. The derivation of the name Shinar is unknown. It occurs only in Gen 10:10; Gen 11:2; Gen 14:1, Gen 14:9; Jos 7:21; Isa 11:11; Dan 1:2; Zec 5:11.
To the house of his god – To the temple of Bel, at Babylon. This was a temple of great magnificence, and the worship of Bel was celebrated there with great splendor. For a description of this temple, and of the god which was worshipped there, see the notes at Isa 46:1. These vessels were subsequently brought out at the command of Belshazzar, at his celebrated feast, and employed in the conviviality and revelry of that occasion. See Dan 5:3.
And he brought the vessels into the treasure-house of his god – It would seem rom this that the vessels had been taken to the temple of Bel, or Belus, in Babylon, not to be used in the worship of the idol, but to be laid up among the valuable treasures there. As the temples of the gods were sacred, and were regarded as inviolable, it would be natural to make them the repository of valuable spoils and treasures. Many of the spoils of the Romans were suspended around the walls of the temples of their gods, particularly in the temple of Victory. Compare Eschenberg, Manual of Class. Literally, pt. iii. Sections 149, 150.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 2. Part of the vessels of the house of God] He took the richest and finest of them for the service of his god Bel, and left what were necessary for carrying on the public worship of Jehovah, (for he did not attempt to alter the civil or religious constitution of Judea;) for leaving Jehoiakim on the throne, he only laid the land under tribute. The Chaldeans carried these sacred vessels away at three different times.
1. In the war spoken of in this place.
2. In the taking of Jerusalem and Jeconiah a few months after, 2Kg 24:13.
3. Eleven years after, under the reign of Zedekiah, when the city and temple were totally destroyed, and the land ruined, 2Kg 25:8-15.
The land of Shinar ] This was the ancient mame of Babylon. See Ge 11:2.
The treasure house of his god.] This was Bel, who had a splendid temple in Babylon, and was the tutelar god of the city and empire.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
In this expedition Nebuchadnezzar carried away some of the vessels of the temple, and some captives, among whom was Daniel and his friends. These vessels he carried into the house of his god; which god was Baal or Bel, and Nebo, Isa 46:1; which words they put into the names of their kings and favourites, of which more afterward. These vessels as spoils he put in the house of his god, for his honour, because he thought he had gotten his victory by the help of his idol god, 1Sa 31:9,10, as the Philistines did, Jdg 16:23,24; whereas the text saith the Lord gave all into his hand, Dan 1:2. The executioners of Gods wrath upon Gods sinful people have other thoughts than God hath about that, Isa 10:5-16.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
2. Shinarthe old name ofBabylonia (Gen 11:2; Gen 14:1;Isa 11:11; Zec 5:11).Nebuchadnezzar took only “part of the vessels,” as he didnot intend wholly to overthrow the state, but to make it tributary,and to leave such vessels as were absolutely needed for the publicworship of Jehovah. Subsequently all were taken away and wererestored under Cyrus (Ezr 1:7).
his godBel. Histemple, as was often the case among the heathen, was made “treasurehouse” of the king.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
The Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand,…. And the city of Jerusalem too, or he could not have took the king, and so the Syriac version renders it,
and the Lord delivered it into his hands, and Jehoiakim, c.: this was from the Lord, because of his sins, and the sins of his ancestors, and of his people or otherwise the king of Babylon could not have taken the city, nor him, because of the great power of the Jews, as Jacchiades observes:
with part of the vessels of the house of God; not all of them; for some, as Saadliah says, were hid by Josiah and Jeremiah, which is not to be depended on; however, certain it is that all were not carried away, because we read of some of the vessels of the temple being carried away afterwards, in Jeconiah’s time, 2Ki 24:13, and still there were some left, as the pillars, sea, bases, and other vessels, which were to be carried away, and were carried away by the king of Babylon, in Zedekiah’s time, Jer 27:19:
which he carried into the land of Shinar, to the house of his god; which Jarchi understands both of the men that were carried captive, and the vessels that were taken out of the temple; but the latter seem only to be intended, since of men Jehoiakim is only spoken of before; and it does not appear he was ever carried into Babylon; but it is certain the vessels of the temple were carried thither; which is meant by the land of Shinar, where Babylon stood, and where the tower of Babel was built, Ge 10:2, the same, as Grotius thinks, with the Singara of Pliny s and Ptolemy t. So the Targum of Onkelos, on Ge 10:10, interprets the land of Shinar the land of Babylon; likewise the Jerusalem Targum on
Ge 10:10, and the Targum of Jonathan on Ge 11:2 Zec 5:11, only on Ge 10:10, he paraphrases it the land of Pontus. So Hestiaeus u an ancient Phoenician writer, calls Shinar Sennaar of Babylonia. It seems to have its name from , which signifies to “shake out”; because from hence the men of the flood, as Saadiah says, or the builders of Babel, were shook out by the Lord, and were scattered over the face of the earth. And as the tower of Babel itself, very probably, was built for idolatrous worship, for which reason the Lord was so displeased with the builders of it; so in this same place, or near it, now stood an idol’s temple, where the king of Babylon, and the inhabitants thereof, worshipped, here called “the house of his gods” w, as it may be rendered; for the Babylonians worshipped more gods than one; there were Rach, Shach and Nego, from whom Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, are supposed to have their names given them by the Chaldeans, Da 1:7. Rach is thought to be the sun, whose priests were called Rachiophantae, observers of the sun; Shach, to which Sheshach is referred by some, Jer 51:41, for which a feast was kept once a year for five days, when servants had the rule and government of their masters; and Nego either was worshipped for the sun, or some star, so called from its brightness. Venus was also had in veneration with the Babylonians, whom they called Mylitta; in whose temple many acts of uncleanness and filthiness were committed, as Herodotus x relates. And, besides these, there were Merodach, Nebo, and Bel; of which see Isa 46:1, the latter seems to have been their chief deity, and who was called Jupiter Belus; and with whom were the goddesses Juno and Rhea. And in the city of Babylon stood the temple of Bel, or Jupiter Belus, which was extant in the times of Herodotus, and of which he gives an account y, and is this:
“the temple of Jupiter Belus had gates of brass; it was four hundred and forty yards on every side, and was foursquare. In the midst of the temple was a solid tower, two hundred and twenty yards in length and breadth; upon which another temple was placed, and so on to eight. The going up them was without, in a winding about each tower; as you went up, in the middle, there was a room, and seats to rest on. In the last tower was a large temple, in which was a large bed splendidly furnished, and a table of gold set by it; but there was no statue there; nor did any man lie there in the night; only one woman, a native of the place, whom the god chose from among them all, as the Chaldean priests of this deity say.”
Diodorus Siculus says z it was of an extraordinary height, where the Chaldeans made observations on the stars, and could take an exact view of the rise and setting of them; it was all made of brick and bitumen, at great cost and expense. Here the vessels of the sanctuary were brought by Nebuchadnezzar, to the praise and glory of his idols, as Jarchi and Jacchiades observe; to whom he imputed the victory he had obtained over the Jews. Even these
he brought into the treasure house of his god; very probably this was the chapel Herodotus a speaks of, where was a large golden statue of Jupiter sitting, and a large golden table by it, and a golden throne and steps, reckoned by the Chaldeans at eight hundred talents of gold. And Diodorus Siculus b relates that there were three golden statues, of Jupiter, Juno, and Rhea. That of Jupiter was as one standing on his feet, and, as it were, walking, was forty feet in length, and weighed a thousand Babylonian talents (computed three millions and a half of our money). That of Rhea was of the same weight, sitting upon a throne of gold, and two lions standing at her knees; and near to them serpents of a prodigious size, made of silver, which weighed thirty talents. That of Juno was a standing statue, weighing eight hundred talents; in her right hand she held the head of a serpent, and in her left a sceptre set with precious stones; and there was a golden table, common to them all, forty feet long, fifteen broad, and of the weight of fifty talents. Moreover, there were two bowls of thirty talents, and as many censers of three hundred talents, and three cups of gold; that which was dedicated to Jupiter weighed a thousand two hundred Babylonian talents, and the other six hundred. Here all the rich things dedicated to their god were laid up, and here the king of Babylon brought the treasures and rich vessels he took out of the temple of Jerusalem; and to this agrees the testimony of Berosus c, who says, that with the spoils of war Nebuchadnezzar took from the Jews and neighbouring nations, he adorned the temple of Belus. The riches of this temple, according to historians, are supposed to be above one and twenty millions sterling d, even of those only which Diodorus Siculus gives an account of, as above.
s Nat. Hist. l. 5. c. 24. t Geograph. l. 5. c. 18. u Apud Joseph. Antiqu. l. 1. c. 4. sect. 3. w “domum deorum suorum”, Cocceius, Michaelis. x Clio, sive l. 1. c. 199. y Ibid. c. 181. z Biblioth. 1. 2. p. 98. Ed. Rhodoman. a Clio, sive l. 1. c. 183. b Biblioth. I. 2. p. 98. c Apud Joseph. Antiqu. l. 10. c. 11. sect. 1. d Vid. Rollin’s Ancient History, vol. 2. p. 70. and Universal History, vol. 4. p. 409.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
“ The Lord gave Jehoiakim into his hands” corresponds with the words in 2Ki 24:1, “ he became his servant,” and with 2Ch 36:6, “and he bound him in fetters.” “ And part of the vessels of the house of God.” without the Dag. forte, meaning properly from the end of extremity, is abbreviated from , cf. Jer 25:33; Gen 47:21; Exo 26:28, and shows that “ that which was found from end to end contributed its share; meaning that a great part of the whole was taken, although of itself never means a part ” (Kran.). As to the statement of the text, cf. 2Ch 36:7. These vessels he brought (commanded to be brought) into the land of Shinar, i.e., Babylonia (Gen 10:10), into the temple of his god, i.e., Bel, and indeed into the treasure-house of this temple. Thus we understand the meaning of the two latter clauses of Dan 1:2, while Hitz. and Kran., with many older interpreters, refer the suffix in to Jehoiakim, and also to the vessels, on account of the express contrast in the following words, (Kran.), and because, if it is not stated here, it is nowhere else mentioned that Nebuchadnezzar carried away men also (Hitz.). But the latter fact is expressly affirmed in Dan 1:3, and not only supposed, as Hitz. alleges, and it was not necessary that it should be expressed in Dan 1:2. The application of the suffix to Jehoiakim or the Jewish youths who were carried captive is excluded by the connection of with , into the house of his god. But the assertion that , house, here means country, is not proved from Hos 8:1; Hos 9:15, nor is warranted by such passages as Exo 29:45; Num 35:34; Eze 37:27, etc., where mention is made of God’s dwelling in the land. For God’s dwelling in the land is founded on the fact of His gracious presence in the temple of the land, and even in these passages the word land does not stand for the word house. Equally unfounded is the further remark, that if by the expression the temple is to be understood, the preposition would stand before it, for which Zec 11:13; Isa 37:23; Gen 45:25 are appealed to. But such passages have been referred to without observing that in them the preposition stands only before living objects, where it is necessary, but not before inanimate objects, such as , where the special object of the motion is with sufficient distinctness denoted by the accusative. The words following, , fall in not as adversative, but explicative: and indeed (or, namely) the vessels brought he into the treasure-house of his god – as booty. The carrying away of a part of the vessels of the temple and a number of the distinguished Jewish youth to Babylon, that they might be there trained for service at the royal court, was a sign and pledge of the subjugation of Judah and its God under the dominion of the kings and the gods of Babylon. Both are here, however, mentioned with this design, that it might be known that Daniel and his three friends, of whom this book gives further account, were among these youths, and that the holy vessels were afterwards fatal (Daniel 5) to the house of the Babylonian king.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
(2) Part of the vessels.Literally, from one point to another. He did not take them all at once, but on different occasions. (On Shinar, see Note, Gen. 10:10.)
His godi.e., Bel-Merodach, who was originally an Accadian deity, the signification of the second part of the name being he that measures the path of the sun. The planet Jupiter was worshipped under this name. He was the tutelary god of Babylon, and to his honour Nebuchadnezzar dedicated a temple. For a further description of this deity see Bar. 6:14-15.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
2. Compare 2Ki 23:35; 2Ki 24:4 ; 2Ch 36:5-8; Jer 27:19-20.
Shinar Probably the Hebrew form of the archaic name for Babylon (Konig).
Treasure house Nebuchadnezzar and other Babylonian kings in many inscriptions speak of storing up in the temple silver, gold, precious stones, and rare treasures, as well as captives. (See Introduction, III, 4.)
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
‘And the Lord gave Jehoiakim, king of Judah, into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God. And he carried them into the land of Shinar to the house of his god, and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.’
The siege was sufficiently fierce to enable him to persuade Jehoiakim to make submission, possibly by offering milder terms. He was bought off with part of the temple treasures, taking with him selected young men, possibly as hostages for good behaviour.
Note that it was ‘the Lord’ (adonai) who caused the submission of Jehoiakim. He it was Who was in charge of overall events. It was not that Yahweh was defeated, Nebuchadnezzar was as much subject to His will as Jehoiakim.
The vessels taken were carried off to the ‘land of Shinar’, an ancient name for Babylonia (Gen 10:8-10; Gen 11:1-9), reflecting its belligerence and idolatry. There they were put in the house of his favourite god, probably Marduk, in the treasure house. Treasure houses were regularly connected with temples. The treasures would be placed there as a thankoffering to the god for giving victory, but would still be available to the king.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Dan 1:2. With part of the vessels And part of the vessels of the house of God; and he brought them, &c. Shinar was the original name of the country of Babylon.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Dan 1:2 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.
Ver. 2. And the Lord gave Jehoiakim. ] Because the affliction by Pharaoh (being but a money matter) had not a kindly effect, 2Ki 23:35 a heavier is now sent; for as one cloud followeth at the heels of another, so doth one judgment of God upon another, till repentance, as the sun, do interpose, and cause it to clear up.
With part of the vessels.
Which he carried into the land of Shinar.
To the house of his god.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
the LORD*. One of the 134 places where the Sopherim say they altered “Jehovah” of the primitive text to”Adonai”. See App-32.
gave. See Isa 39:6, Isa 39:7. Jer 25:8-11. Eze 21:26, Eze 21:27.
part. Others were brought later (2Ki 24:13. 2Ch 36:10). See Ezr 1:7 for the subsequent restoration of them by Cyrus.
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4.
the land of Shinar. Reference to Pentateuch (Gen 10:10; Gen 11:2; Gen 14:1, Gen 14:9). App-92. Outside the Pentateuch found only in Jos 7:21 (Hebrew text). Isa 11:11. Zec 5:11; and here.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Dan 1:2
Dan 1:2 And the LordH136 gaveH5414 (H853) JehoiakimH3079 kingH4428 of JudahH3063 into his hand,H3027 with partH4480 H7117 of the vesselsH3627 of the houseH1004 of God:H430 which he carried intoH935 the landH776 of ShinarH8152 to the houseH1004 of his god;H430 and he broughtH935 the vesselsH3627 into the treasureH214 houseH1004 of his god.H430
Dan 1:2
And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.
Three years into the reign of Jehoiakim, Nebuchadnezzar reclaimed Judea for the Babylonian Empire after a short siege on Jerusalem. Jehoiakim and several of the precious vessels of the the temple were taken to Babylon. Later Nebuchadnezzar reinstated Jehoiakim on the throne of Judea. The vessels carried off were taken to the temple of Nebuchadnezzar’s god which was called “Bel”.
Jehoiakim was afterwards reinstated on the throne as a vassal of Babylon. He never liked being in submission to them and held out hope of the Egyptians being able to help him out of his predicament notwithstanding the fact that Jeremiah the prophet warned him against such a thing. In the fourth year of Jehoiakim’s reign, Jeremiah caused a collection of his prophecies to be written out by Baruch and to be read publicly by him in the court of the Temple. When Jehoiakim heard these prophecies he took them and burned them in a fire. At the command of God, Jeremiah wrote another set with even more denunciations against Jehoiakim. Jehoiakim did not pay any heed to the prophecies and continued to walk in his evil ways.
After three years of subjection to Nebuchadnezzar, Jehoiakim rebelled and withheld his tribute intending to gain independence from Babylon (2Ki 24:1-2). This action, taken against the prophecies of Jeremiah was the ruin of Jehoiakim. Nebuchadnezzar was occupied with wars elsewhere and sent other nearby vassal kingdoms of the Babylonian Empire against Jehoiakim. These were countries who hated the Jewish nation and they ravaged Judea mercilessly for several years. In the eleventh year of Jehoiakim’s reign he was killed and his body was thrown on the ground outside the gates of Jerusalem and he was buried in a common grave as “with the burial of an ass” in fulfillment of Jeremiah’s prophecy in Jer 22:18-19. Nebuchadnezzar replaced Jehoiakim with his eighteen year old son, Jehoiachin (2Ki 24:8), who was also known as “Coniah” and sometimes “Jeconiah” (Jer 24:1; Jer 37:1).
Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began his reign (2Ki 24:8), and he was no better than his father. After only three month of reign he found himself besieged by Nebuchadnezzar in fulfillment of the prophecies of Jeremiah in 22:24-30. Jehoiachin would not only be taken captive to Babylon, but we also learn from Jer 22:30 that no child of his seed would ever reign from the throne of David in Judah again.
Jerusalem was once again besieged by Nebuchadnezzar (2Ki 24:10). This siege followed after three or four years of harassment by Nebuchadnezzar’s vassal kingdoms in consequence to Jehoiakim’s rebellion. Jerusalem was unable to offer any substantial resistance and Jehoiachin surrendered. He, and the queen mother, and all his servants, captains, and officers, came out and gave themselves up to Nebuchadnezzar, who treated them as prisoners of war (Jer 29:2; Eze 17:12; Eze 19:9). He was sent away as a captive to Babylon, with his mother, his generals, and his troops, together with the skilled craftsmen and other inhabitants of Jerusalem, to the number of ten thousand. Jehoiachin remained in Babylon until his death.
Among the captives taken to Babylon was the prophet Ezekiel. Nebuchadnezzar also took the more of the treasures which were not taken in the first siege from palace and from the temple. This time he destroyed the sacred vessels of gold which had been spared on the earlier conquest. They were cut up for use of the gold for other purposes or for more convenient transport back to Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar then placed Mattaniah, the only surviving son of Josiah on the throne of Judah and changed his name to Zedekiah.
Nebuchadnezzar made Zedekiah swear allegiance to him by the name of God (2Ch 36:13), but that didn’t hold up for long. Zedekiah followed in the evil footsteps of Jehoiakim and Jehoiachin. Jeremiah the prophet warned Zedekiah but he refused to listen to the word of God (2Ch 36:13) and after reigning eleven years in Jerusalem he made the fatal mistake of rebelling against Nebuchadnezzar again. This was the third time Nebuchadnezzar would punish Jerusalem for their rebellion and this time he made an example of them. All of the treasures left behind from the second siege were then taken to Babylon and the temple was spoiled and burned (2Ch 36:18-19). The reason the temple was torn down and the stones were burned was so that the gold inlaid on the stone could be extracted. Jerusalem and the temple was left in ruins. The walls were torn down, the city was left in ruins. All who escaped the sword were rounded up and carried into Babylonian slavery to Nebuchadnezzar and his sons and there remained until the end of the prophesied seventy year captivity (2Ch 36:20-21, Jer 25:11).
Fuente: Old and New Testaments Restoration Commentary
Cir am 3398, bc 606
the Lord: Dan 2:37, Dan 2:38, Dan 5:18, Deu 28:49-52, Deu 32:30, Jdg 2:14, Jdg 3:8, Jdg 4:2, Psa 106:41, Psa 106:42, Isa 42:24
with part: Dan 5:2, 2Ch 36:7, Jer 27:19, Jer 27:20
Shinar: Gen 10:10, Gen 11:2, Isa 11:11, Zec 5:11
and he: Dan 5:2, Dan 5:3, Jdg 16:23, Jdg 16:24, 1Sa 5:2, 1Sa 31:9, 1Sa 31:10, Ezr 1:7, Jer 51:44, Hab 1:16
Reciprocal: Gen 14:1 – Shinar Exo 20:5 – for I 2Ki 24:10 – At that time 1Ch 9:1 – carried 2Ch 36:6 – came up 2Ch 36:10 – goodly vessels Ezr 5:12 – into the hand Ezr 6:5 – the golden Isa 39:6 – that all Isa 39:7 – they shall be Jer 20:5 – I will deliver Jer 27:16 – Behold Jer 28:3 – that Jer 35:11 – when Jer 50:2 – her idols Jer 52:17 – pillars Dan 11:8 – their precious vessels Mat 1:11 – about
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Dan 1:2. The Lord gave shows that Nebuchadnezzar’s advance against Jerusalem was by the decree of God. The account in 2Ki 24:3-4 goes farther than this verse and tells why it was done, that it was because of the sins that the nation had committed. This event was not intended to cause the complete ruin of Jerusalem, for it says that the king of Babylon took part of the vessels of the Lord’s house with him.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
1:2 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of {b} Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.
(b) Which was a plain by Babylon, where the temple of their great god was, and is here taken for Babylon.
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
Daniel wrote that the Lord was responsible for Nebuchadnezzar’s success in defeating Jehoiakim. He viewed God as sovereignly controlling the past affairs of His chosen people (cf. Eph 1:4). As the book unfolds, this appreciation for God’s sovereignty continues as Daniel described God’s future dealings with the Jews and the Gentiles.
Daniel used the name "Shinar" to describe Babylon (Dan 1:2). Shinar is a biblical name for Babylon that often connotes a place hostile to God and faith in God (cf. Gen 10:10; Gen 11:2; Gen 14:1; Isa 11:11 [NIV margin]; Zec 5:11 [NIV margin]). Carrying off the vessels from a conquered people’s temple was a way that ancient Near Eastern kings expressed their victorious sovereignty over that nation, particularly its gods (cf. Dan 5:3-4). Therefore Daniel began this book by reminding his readers that it was not only Israel’s king who suffered defeat at Nebuchadnezzar’s hands, but also Yahweh had experienced humiliation. He then proceeded to vindicate Yahweh with all that follows.