Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Ezekiel 30:5
Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia, and all the mingled people, and Chub, and the men of the land that is in league, shall fall with them by the sword.
5. See on Eze 27:10; Heb. is Cush and Phut and Lud. For Cush LXX. reads Persians as Eze 27:10, for Phut Cretans, and for Lud Lydians.
the mingled people ] perhaps foreigners. In Jer 25:24 these so named (ereb) are represented as having kings and dwelling in the desert (cf. 1Ki 10:15), and in Eze 30:20 they are named next to the kings of Uz. On the other hand in Jer 50:37 they are spoken of as being in the midst of Babylon. Hence the sense of “mercenaries” has been suggested. In the present passage some distinct people seems intended.
the land that is in league ] Lit., children of the land of the covenant. Reference can hardly be to the land of Israel, or to refugees from Israel in Egypt. Either some definite country is meant, the name of which would be suggested by the prophet’s description, or “land” is used collectively all allied lands. The name Chub does not occur again; LXX. Libyans, and in Nah 3:9 the Lubim appear beside Cush, Egypt and Phut.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Libya, and Lydia – Or, as in Eze 27:10, Phut and Lud.
The mingled people – Foreigners, who settled in Egypt. The Saite dynasty of Egyptian kings were especially favorable to foreign immigrants. Hophra employed many of them in his armies, and in this way, according to Herodotus, lost the affections of his Egyptian subjects. See Jer 25:20 note.
Chub – The word occurs here only. It was some tribe in alliance with Egypt, either of African race like Lud and Phut, or settlers like the mingled people. A not-improbable suggestion connects it with Coptos, of which the Egyptian form was Qeb, Qebt or Qabt.
The men of the land that is in league – Rather, the children of the land of the covenant, i. e., of Israel (see Eze 16:8). After the destruction of Jerusalem Jews withdrew into Egypt Jer 43:7. Many of them would naturally enough be found in the Egyptian armies. This is in favor of the later date assigned to this section.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 5. Lydia] This place is not well known. The Ludim were contiguous to Egypt, Ge 10:13.
Chub] The Cubians, placed by Ptolemy in the Mareotis. But probably instead of vechub, “and Chub,” we should read vechol, “and ALL the men of the land,” &c. The Septuagint adds “the Persians and the Cretans.”
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Ethiopia, Heb. Cush, which are commonly thought to be the Ethiopians in Africa, but some more inquisitive geographers have found them originally and chiefly in Arabia, which was either subject or ally to Egypt in its prosperity; and these were, as Eze 30:4, in a panic that, lest the Babylonian should pass the sea, and take them in his way home.
Libya, Heb. Phut; hence the Putaens or Phutaans, who afterwards were better known by Libyans, a part of whose country was near to Egypt.
Lydia; Lydians, not the Asiatic, but the Africans, placed between some part of Cyrene and Egypt.
All the mingled people; the hired soldiers from all parts, a confused mixture of nations, such as the Libyans had got together; or all Arabia, so the word 2Ch 9:14; Isa 13:20; or all that ravenous sort of people, that like crows fly to slaughters; so soldiers of fortune follow the wars, and the Hebrew word is crow, Lev 11:15; Deu 14:14; Psa 147:9, as well as mixed.
Chub; Ethiopians beyond Egypt south, the inhabitants of the inmost Libya, which reached to the Nigritae; perhaps they may be the Nubians at this day, a letter easily changed.
The men of the land that is in league; the sons of the land of the covenant: some refer to the Jews, children of the covenant, but this is forced; it is all the people of Egypts league, all the allies of the Egyptian kingdom. With them; with the Egyptians.
By the sword; in war by the sword of Babylon.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
5. the mingled peoplethemercenary troops of Egypt from various lands, mostly from theinterior of Africa (compare Eze 27:10;Jer 25:20; Jer 25:24;Jer 46:9; Jer 46:21).
Chubthe people namedKufa on the monuments [HAVERNICK],a people considerably north of Palestine [WILKINSON];Coba or Chobat, a city of Mauritania [MAURER].
men of the land that is inleaguetoo definite an expression to mean merely, “men inleague” with Egypt; rather, “sons of the land ofthe covenant,” that is, the Jews who migrated toEgypt and carried Jeremiah with them (Jer42:1-44:30). Even they shall not escape (Jer 42:22;Jer 44:14).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Ethiopia, Lybia, and Lydia,…. Or, “Cush, Phut, and Lud”. Cush and Phut were both sons of Ham, from whom Egypt is sometimes called the land of Ham; and Lud or Ludim was the son of Mizraim, the son of Ham, the common name of Egypt in Scripture, Ge 10:6. Cush is by us rendered Ethiopia; and is thought by some to be a part of Arabia, which lay near to Egypt. Phut and Lud are properly enough rendered Lybia and Lydia; and both these, with Ethiopia, are represented as the allies and confederates of Egypt, Jer 46:9.
And all the mingled people; the Syriac version renders it, “all Arabia”: and so Symmachus, according to Jerom; though others think they are the Carians, Ionians, and other Greeks, which Pharaohapries got together to fight with Amasis g: and “Chub”; or “Cub”; the inhabitants of this piece are thought to be the Cobii of Ptolemy h, who dwelt in Mareotis, a country of Egypt; though some, by a change of a letter, would have them to be the Nubians, a people in Africa; and so the Arabic version here reads it. Of these Strabo i says, on the left of the stream of the Nile dwell the Nubians, a large nation in Lybia; and which he afterwards mentions along with the Troglodytes, Blemmyes, Megabarians, and Ethiopians, that dwell above Syene: and so Ptolemy k speaks of them along with the Megabarians, and as inhabiting to the west of the Avalites: and Pliny l calls them Nubian Ethiopians, whom he places near the Nile: and a late traveller m in those parts informs us that the confines of Egypt and Nubia are about eight miles above the first cataract (of the Nile); Nubia begins at the villages of Ellkalabsche, and of Teffa; the first is to the east of the Nile, and the second to the west.
And the men of the land that is in league shall fall with them by the sword; all the nations above mentioned, with whomsoever should be found that were confederates with Egypt, should share the same fate with them. The Septuagint render it, “and those of the children of my covenant”; as if the Jews were meant that were in Egypt, who are sometimes called “the children of the covenant”, and of “the promise”, Ac 3:25, and so some interpret the place; but it takes in all the allies of Egypt, and does not design the Jews, at least not them only.
g See Prideaux’s Connexion, part 1. p. 93. h Geograph. l. 4. c. 5. i Geograph. l. 17. p. 541, 563. k Geograph. l. 5. c. 8. l Nat. Hist. l. 6. c. 30. m Norden’s Travels in Egypt and Nubia, vol. 2. p. 131, 132.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
(5) Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia.Ethiopia and Egypt were closely connected, and during much of their history were often under one government. Ethiopian soldiers served in great numbers in the Egyptian armies. Libya and Lydia are an unfortunate substitution for the original terms, Phut and Lud, which are preserved in Eze. 27:10, where see Note. They are there mentioned as furnishing mercenaries to the Tyrian army; and it is known historically that they supplied them to a still greater extent to the Egyptian army.
All the mingled people, and Chub.There is the same expression, mingled people, in reference to Egypt, in Jer. 25:20. In the connection here it may be understood especially of the foreign mercenaries from various quarters in the Egyptian armies. Chub is a name entirely unknown. Various conjectures have been hazarded, and various changes in the text proposed, but none are supported by sufficient evidence. It evidently denotes some ally of Egypt, possibly Nubia.
Men of the land that is in league.Literally, sons of the land of the covenant. The ancient interpreters, St. Jerome and Theodoret, understood this expression of the Jews who had sought refuge from Nebuchadnezzar in Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah (Jeremiah 42, 43, 44), to whom Jeremiah had expressly prophesied that the sword and famine of which they were afraid should overtake them there (Jer. 42:16-18). This interpretation is supported by the translation of the Septuagint, made in Egypt, land of my covenant. The objection made to this view, that Palestine is never called the land of the covenant, and that this must therefore signify some unknown country in alliance with Egypt at the time, seems rather specious than real. If it happens that this expression is never used of Palestine, yet that was unquestionably the land of the people of the covenant, and a particular expression may very well be used once without occurring again.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
5. Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia R.V., “Ethiopia [or, Cush], and Put, and Lud.” (See notes Eze 27:10; compare Eze 38:5.) LXX. reads “Persia” for Ethiopia, but Ethiopia about this time had especial prominence in the world’s annals. The Assyrian monarch conquered Tirhakah of Egypt (about 671 B.C.), and called him on a stele of Senjerli “king of Ethiopia” ( Kuss), and represented him on the tablet as a little negro with curly hair ( B. and O. Record, July, 1891).
Mingled people It is not known to what people this refers (compare Jer 25:24), if indeed it does not refer to the mercenaries and allies in Hophra’s army.
Chub R.V., “Cub.” Naville compares with the Egyptian Keneb, the name for the Ethiopians and negroes; Brugsch with Qeb, Qabt (Coptos); Smend reads Lub, with LXX., that is, “Libyans” (compare Nah 3:9; 2Ch 16:8), which is the most probable, with present knowledge.
Men of the land that is in league Literally, the children of the land of the covenant, but probably not referring here to the Israelites. Toy reads “Cherethites.” (Compare Eze 25:16.) One version reads “Cretans.” (Compare the khab-iri, “confederates,” mentioned in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets.)
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Eze 30:5. Lybia and Lydia Or, Mauritania and Abyssinia. All the mingled people, mean their mercenaries and auxiliaries; Chub means the Chubians, placed by Ptolemy in the Mareotis. “I do not know (says Calmet) whether the name of Egypt may not be derived from Cub, or Cubti, or Gubti;Egubti.” The men of the land that is in league, mean the neighbouring people, who were confederate with the Egyptians against the king of Babylon.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Eze 30:5 Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia, and all the mingled people, and Chub, and the men of the land that is in league, shall fall with them by the sword.
Ver. 5. Chub. ] Certain Africans, who shall be worse put to it than were those succeeding Africans, who had a prophecy (but not of like credit with this of Ezekiel), that when the Romans sent an army into their country, Mundus cum tota sua prole periret, which made them think the world should then be at an end. But afterwards the Romans sent an army thither under the conduct of one Mundus, who in battle was slain, together with his sons, by the Africans, and discovered the illusion of the devil. The Septuagint render Chub Spaniards, which I like the better, saith Lavater, a because Strabo saith Nebuchadnezzar came with his victorious army as far as Spain.
a Lib. xv.
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Libya . Lydia. Hebrew Phut . . . Led. Compare Eze 27:10. Gen 10:6. These were an African people. Compare Jer 46:9. Nah 3:9.
mingled people = mixed multitude: i.e. the allies of Babylon. Compare Jer 25:20.
Chub. Perhaps Caba, in Mauretania, or Cobe, in Ethiopia.
men = sons.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Ethiopia: Isa 18:1, Isa 20:4, Jer 46:9, Nah 3:8, Nah 3:9
Libya: Heb. Phut, Eze 27:10
all the: Jer 25:20, Jer 25:24, Jer 50:37
men: Heb. children
that is: Jer 44:27
Reciprocal: Gen 10:13 – Ludim 2Ch 12:3 – Lubims 2Ch 14:9 – Zerah Isa 66:19 – Tarshish Eze 30:9 – messengers Eze 38:5 – Libya Act 2:10 – Libya
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Eze 30:5. Libya. Lydia and Chub were parts of Africa that were allied with Egypt for common support. If would follow, then, that when the land of Egypt is attacked, these allies will have to suffer with it.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Eze 30:5. Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia The names in Hebrew are Cush, Phut, and Lud, which are mentioned together as the Egyptian allies, Jer 46:9. Cush probably signifies Ethiopia here, being joined with Phut and Lud, which were nations of Africa. And all the mingled people All their mercenary soldiers, consisting of various nations. If we distinguish these from the men of the land, mentioned afterward, they may mean that mixture of Carians, Ionians, and other nations lying upon the Mediterranean sea, which Apries got together to encounter Amasis, who, together with him, were destroyed. And Chub The Cubii are mentioned by Ptolemy as a people of Mareotis, a province of Egypt. There is no mention of this people anywhere else in the Scriptures. According to Michaelis, the ancient geographers have a mercantile town, Kubee, on the Indian sea, under the eighth degree of north latitude.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
30:5 {a} Cush, and Libya, and Lydia, and all the mingled people, and Chub, and the men of the land that is in league, shall fall with them by the sword.
(a) By Phut and Lud are meant Africa and Libya.