Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Luke 11:17
But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and a house [divided] against a house falleth.
17. their thoughts ] Rather, their machinations.
Every kingdom divided against itself &c.] More briefly and graphically in St Mark “How can Satan cast out Satan?”
and a house divided against a house falletli ] The words may also be rendered ‘and (in that case) house falleth against house.’
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Luk 11:17-20
Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation
The power of the King over the arch-enemy
I.
THE CONDITION OF THE SINNER. What a condition it is! It is summed up in that twenty-first verse, When the strong man armed keepeth his palace his goods are in peace. I will ask you to notice the five particulars here specified in that proud usurpers dominion–First, his personality; second, his power; third, his panoply; fourth, his palace; fifth, his peace.
II. THE POWER OF THE SAVIOUR. Satan is strong, but the Divine Master is stronger. Upon that citadel the Lord Christ does not hesitate to advance. Man-soul is summoned. He effects an entrance, and more than that, He achieves the victory. He shall not only come upon him, but overcome him. And then a mighty transformation takes place in the soul of the believer. He divides the spoil. The faculties of the man are not to be destroyed; they are to be altered. What shall we say to it? Whatever it is, it teaches us that the whole powers of the restored man are to be laid at the feet of this Saviour. Mark what is said concerning Satan: that he keeps his gates in peace. Blessed be God, when the transformation is effected, a greater, stronger one than he is also able to keep His gates in peace.
III. I close with one word of WARNING. You know that warning word. He goes on immediately to say, He that is not with Me is against Me, and he that gathereth not with Me scattereth abroad. He is saying to us, Beware of compromise; beware of half-and-half work in this matter of full surrender of your being to Him. What does He mean? I will endeavour by a story to illustrate what He says. Some years ago there was a rich man who possessed the whole of the town in which he lived, with the exception of one poor, small, and dirty hovel. He was greatly minded to possess the whole. He asked the price. The poor man, miserly and cunning, probably asked an exorbitant sum. It is too much, said the would-be purchaser; but I will tell you what I will do–I will cover this table with sovereigns. No, said the other; no, I must have them on end! It is too much, said the purchaser. No, said the other, I must have them on end; and so the bargaining went on, until the would-be purchaser gave up the business. As he left the room, the miser, looking at him with a leer on his face, said, Remember I the town belongs to thee and me. My dear brethren, Satan, if I may so express it, made a harder bargain with the Captain of our salvation than did that miser. We are redeemed, not with corruptible things as silver and gold, but with the blood of Christ. Shall it ever be that that cruel enemy shall come up to our Lord, and, pointing to the citadel of your or my heart, shall say, Remember, the town belongs to me and Thee. But is there no lesson in that passage which follows? When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man he walketh through dry places, seeking rest, but findeth none, and if he can find in you and me a foothold he will use it. It is my house, he says, and he comes back again; he comes seeking admission, and if he finds a place in our citadel he occupies it. He may be cast out as an unclean spirit, but he may return transformed as an angel of light, but an unclean spirit still. Is there no danger of this? I believe there is. Take heed that ye be not deceived. What is the remedy? I only know of one. It is to be God-possessed. It is to let that flag of Calvary float from roof to turret. It is to let God be in possession. Light expels darkness, health expels disease, God turns out Satan. (E. W. Moore.)
The personality and power of the devil
I. SATAN IS A PERSON. See how he is described. He is a man, active, intelligent, resolute, understanding his position, prepared to hold his own against all comers, to maintain his place at all hazards. Could there be anything more exactly in harmony with the purposes and designs of the arch-adversary than that he should circulate a report that he does not exist? I remember years ago the late Rev-Canon Conway saying that, if a gang of housebreakers came into a neighbourhood, could there be any possible report more suited to their purposes than an announcement, which was generally believed, that there were no such persons as burglars, that if robberies occurred, or lives were lost, it was due exclusively to the folly and misguided character of the inmates of the houses, but that no blame could be attributed to housebreakers, for no such persons existed?
II. But we will pass on to notice from his personality, his POWER. He is not only a man, but he is a strong man. My brethren, no good soldier despises his enemy. Satan is not a hobgoblin of the nursery, as some one has said–an easy name that we can utter in jest. Satan is a terrible being. Have you not experienced his power? I doubt not that I speak to hundreds who have. If you let him alone, it is most probable he will let you alone too. If you be in the attitude of hostility to him you will soon find out his power. In the fifth chapter of Marks Gospel you will see the power of the demoniac, and the power which held that man. His power is backed by his panoply. You have it here; he is not only strong, but he is a strong man armed. He is not content with his own strength, so to speak, for the defence of his citadel, but he arms the poor citadel with defensive armour–the helmet of presumption, and the breastplate of pride, and the net-work shield of unbelief, and the coated mail of secret sin, and the fiery darts of venom and spite, and envy, and lust, and greed, which he hurls against all intruders. A palace is a dwelling-place for kings. Whose is this palace? What is this dwelling? My brethren, have we fully realized that you and I were intended to be nothing else than residences of Deity? Have we fully grasped the great thought that this is the culmination of Gods dealing with us? Does God now till His peoples hearts with joy and the Holy Ghost? Satan can fill the heart of Ananias to lie to the Holy Ghost. The parallel is complete. Do you believe in haunted houses, ghost stories, and spectres with clanking chains? They may be fables, but there is terrible and solemn truth behind them. Has it ever occurred to you and me that unless thin night we are possessed of God, as we sit in this room we are haunted houses–h-uses in which the devils live. It is one of the most startling descriptions that Scripture gives of the condition of the sinner, that Satan is not merely near him; Satan is in him. What an awful word is that in Luk 22:3, where we read that Satan entered into Judas surnamed Iscariot, being of the number of the twelve. What is this, a human being the house of an evil one? Every man can do what he will in his own house. An Englishmans house is his castle. What is this description that is given? Why, that Satan reigns and rules in the human heart of his slaves; that he goes in and out; that he opens and no man shuts, and shuts and no man opens. What an awful description! and the most remarkable thing about it all is the particulars with which it closes. While the strong man armed keepeth his palace, his goods are in peace. What peace? Peace, yes there is peace. It is the peace of death! Is that the peace that you and I desire? Only some half-hour ago, I heard a lady who had been travelling in the Riviera, the scene of the late earthquakes, say that before the rumble which brought the terrible disaster she felt that there was a stillness, a solemn stillness. It seemed as if nature held its breath; it seemed unnatural; it was unnatural; it was a presage of the coming storm. And this deadly slumber in which souls are left by the prince of darkness–slumber indeed, and peace-like it is–is a presage of the terrible awakening of the storm that shall burst some day upon a guilty world. (E. W. Moore.)
Jesus refutes the Pharisees
How concisely and forcibly does He express His argument! It is impossible to exhibit it in a rare striking manner. But, though it cannot be improved, it may, however, be otherwise stated. Thus, it presupposes absolute impossibilities in the character of Satan:
1. In the motives which influence him. For he is supposed, first, to wish to extend his power, and then to undermine it.
2. In the means which he employs, which are thereby calculated for accomplishing opposite purposes.
3. In the objects which he has in view, which presuppose a desire to do good and to do evil at the same time. These contradictions are happily expressed by our Saviour when He represents Satan casting out Satan, and divided against himself: in other words, as possessing two opposite characters, or forming two persons with contrary qualities. (J. Thomson, D. D.)
Divided against itself
If two ships at sea, being of one and the same squadron, shall be scattered by storm from each other, how shall they come to the relief of each other? If, again, they clash together and fall foul, how shall the one endanger the other and herself too? It was, of old, the Dutch device of two earthen pots swimming upon the water, with this motto, If we knock together, we sink together. And most true it is, that if spleen or discontent set us too far one from another, or choler or anger bring us too near, it cannot but that intendment or design, whatsoever it be, like Jonahs gourd, shall perish in a moment, especially if the viperous and hateful worm of dissension do but smite it. (Spencer.)
Fuente: Biblical Illustrator Edited by Joseph S. Exell
But he knowing their thoughts,…. Being God omniscient,
said unto them; the following parables, as they are called in Mr 3:23 or proverbial expressions, very pertinent to the purpose, and sufficient to set aside the base calumnies of the Pharisees:
every kingdom divided against itself, is brought to desolation; in process of time, division will end in destruction; and as it does in the kingdoms of the world, of which there have been fatal instances, so it would in the kingdom of Satan, was there in it a division, which the calumny of the Pharisees supposes:
and an house divided against an house, falleth. The Persic version renders it, “an house divided from the foundation, falls”; the sense is, a family, in which one part is opposed to the other, issues in the ruin of both; [See comments on Mt 12:25],
[See comments on Mr 3:24],
[See comments on Mr 3:25].
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
But he ( ). In contrast with them.
Knowing their thoughts ( ). From , to think through or distinguish. This substantive is common in Plato, but occurs nowhere else in the N.T. It means intent, purpose. Jesus knew that they were trying to tempt him.
And a house divided against a house falleth ( ). It is not certain that (divided) is to be repeated here as in Matt 12:25; Mark 3:25. It may mean,
and house falls upon house , “one tumbling house knocking down its neighbour, a graphic picture of what happens when a kingdom is divided against itself” (Bruce).
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
Thoughts [] . Only here in New Testament. Primarily with a sense of intent, purpose.
A house divided against itself falleth [ ] . Some make this an enlargement on the previous sentence – a more detailed description of the general is brought to desolation, and render house falleth upon house. So Rev., margin. It might be taken metaphorically : the divided kingdom is brought to desolation, and its families and households in their party strifes are brought to ruin. Wyc., and an house shall fall on an house. Tynd., one house shall fall upon another.
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament
1) “But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them,” (autos de eidos auton ta dianoemata eipen autois) “Then he, knowing their thoughts said, to them,” not needing that anyone should inform Him of their ulterior designs in coming to Him, Luk 11:16; Mar 16:1; Joh 2:24-25, Isa 55:8-9.
2) “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation;” (pasa basileia eph’ heauten diameristheisa eremoutai) “Every kingdom or government that is divided against Itself is made to be desolate,” comes to dissolution, Mat 12:25; Mar 3:24. Division at the heart of a kingdom (organized government) an house, or an individual, will lead to the hurt and ruin of each, is the idea.
3) “And a house divided against a house falleth.” (kai oikos epi oikon piptei) “And an house (household) divided against an house falls,” does not stay cemented together, Mat 12:25; Mar 3:25.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
(17-23) But he, knowing their thoughts.St. Luke seems here to bring together into one narrative two incidents which in St. Matt. (Mat. 9:32; Mat. 12:22) appear as separated. The points of resemblance, the dumbness in both cases, both followed by the whisper that Jesus cast out devils by Beelzebub, may have easily led one who collected the facts some years after they occurred to regard the two as identical. On the general tenor of the passage, see Notes on Mat. 12:24-30.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
‘But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, “Every kingship divided against itself is brought to desolation, and a house divided against a house falls (literally ‘house falls on house’).” ’
But Jesus knew what the majority of them were thinking and pointed out that if what they said was true it would mean that in that evil world which caused such harm there was division within the kingship, and civil war between the factions. They would be destroying each other, house against house. For they were claiming that He had authority over demons and was fighting against them with the connivance of the prince of demons. Such a situation would mean that the combatants could not survive. For division in a kingship always brought desolation, and a divided house always falls.
Fuente: Commentary Series on the Bible by Peter Pett
Christ’s defense:
v. 17. But He, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom divided against Itself is brought to desolation; and a house divided against a house falleth.
v. 18. If Satan also be divided against himself, how shall his kingdom stand? Because ye say that I cast out devils through Beelzebub.
v. 19. But if I by Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your sons cast them out? Therefore shall they be your judges.
v. 20. But if I with the finger of God cast out devils, no doubt the kingdom of God is come upon you.
v. 21. When a strong man armed keepeth his palace, his goods are in peace;
v. 22. but when a stronger than he shall come upon him and overcome him, he taketh from him all his armor wherein he trusted, and divideth his spoils.
v. 23. He that is not with Me is against Me; and he that gathereth not with Me scattereth. See Mat 12:25-30; Mar 3:23-27. Jesus, by His divine omniscience, knew the thoughts of His enemies, even though He did not hear them, and proceeds to give them a line of argument that leaves them and their slanderous blasphemy in well-deserved disgrace. Every kingdom that is divided against itself is destroyed: the natural result of revolution is dissolution. And, under those circumstances, one house will fall against the next, one tumbling house knocking down its neighbor, and so everything be drawn into the general desolation. This fact being universally acknowledged as in harmony with the experience of mankind, the application to the present situation is easily made. If Jesus be in league with the prince of the devils, and yet cast out devils to their own harm and disgrace, then it follows that there is a division in the kingdom of the devil, and how will his kingdom then stand? Then there is another argument. If that accusation were true and the power of Jesus over the demons were derived from Satan, how were they going to explain the fact that their own sons, their disciples, were acting as exorcists, going about through the country and attempting to cast out devils? See Act 19:13-14. By insisting upon their explanation of Christ’s ability, they were condemning themselves, their own disciples becoming their judges. But, on the other hand, if the miracles of casting out devils which Jesus performed were due to the finger of God, the power of God which was necessary in true exorcising, it was an incontrovertible proof that in and with Christ, the Prophet of Nazareth, the kingdom of God had reached them, come upon them. In His person and in His message they had the means of obtaining everlasting life if they would but accept the grace of God. In a kindly, but comprehensive way Jesus now tries to show His audience what His coming into the world signified and included, so far as the rule of Satan was concerned. The latter, indeed, was a strong and mighty spirit, and was at all times fully armed, guarding his court, his palace, his castle, with all his power. For he is the prince of this world and has his work in the children of unbelief. And up till now he had held his own in peace, without any trouble to speak of; all his subjects had been willing and obedient. But now the Stronger one had come, in the person of Jesus of Nazareth, the promised Messiah. He came upon the devil and vanquished him. And not only that, but He reduced him to utter subjection and helplessness by taking from him his panoply, his armor, his practically unlimited power in which he placed his trust, and dividing the spoils among His own followers, Col 2:15. But these spoils, victory over death and the devil, belong only to such as have chosen this Champion as their own Lord; for those that are not with Christ, on His side, taking His part at all times, are against Him and must be reckoned with His enemies; and he that is not working with Him in every respect must be considered as belonging to those that disperse and scatter the fruit of His ministry and labor.
Fuente: The Popular Commentary on the Bible by Kretzmann
17 But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and a house divided against a house falleth.
Ver. 17. See Mat 12:38 ; Mat 16:1 ; Mar 3:24 .
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
17. ] So Matt. also, Luk 11:25 .
. . ] The ordinary rendering and house ( divided ) against house, falleth, is certainly right. Before Meyer charged this interpretation with having entirely arisen out of harmonistic considerations, he should have ascertained whether such an expression as a kingdom falling is even tolerable. The ruling idea of the saying having been given by the . , the emphatic pronoun need not be expressed again. Similarly we have, 1Co 2:11 , , . ; the . being the same throughout.
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
Luk 11:17-23 . The Beelzebub theory (Mat 12:25-30 , Mar 3:23-27 ).
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
Luk 11:17 . . Lk. has a preference for compounds; in Mt. , and house falls against house, one tumbling house knocking down its neighbour, a graphic picture of what happens when a kingdom is divided against itself. In Mt. kingdom and city are two co-ordinate illustrations of the principle. In Mk. a house takes the place of Mt.’s city. In Lk. the house is simply a feature in the picture of a kingdom ruined by self-division. Some ( e.g. , Bornemann and Hahn) render Lk.’s phrase: house upon house, one house after another falls. Others, in a harmonistic interest, interpret: a house being divided ( understood) against itself ( = ) falls.
Fuente: The Expositors Greek Testament by Robertson
thoughts = intents, purposes, or machinations. Greek. dianoema. Occurs only here in N.T.
against. Greek. epi. App-104.
brought to desolation. Greek. eremoo. Occurs only here, Mat 12:25; and Rev 17:16; Rev 18:17, Rev 18:19.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
17. ] So Matt. also, Luk 11:25.
. .] The ordinary rendering and house (divided) against house, falleth, is certainly right. Before Meyer charged this interpretation with having entirely arisen out of harmonistic considerations, he should have ascertained whether such an expression as a kingdom falling is even tolerable. The ruling idea of the saying having been given by the . , the emphatic pronoun need not be expressed again. Similarly we have, 1Co 2:11, , . ; the . being the same throughout.
Fuente: The Greek Testament
Luk 11:17. , a house, or family).- , upon the house [super domum]) That is to say, A house divided upon (against) itself falleth, Mar 3:25.[108] The noun is put for the reciprocal or reflexive pronoun, . Mat 12:26; Act 3:16; Eph 4:16; 2Ti 1:18, where see the note. LXX. Lev 14:15; Num 10:29.
[108] Vulg. translates, Regnum in se ipsum (or Cod. Amiat. ipso) divisum desolatur, et domus supra domum cadet (cadit).-ED. and TRANSL.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
knowing: Mat 9:4, Mat 12:25, Mar 3:23-26, Joh 2:25, Rev 2:23
Every: 2Ch 10:16-19, 2Ch 13:16, 2Ch 13:17, Isa 9:20, Isa 9:21, Isa 19:2, Isa 19:3
Reciprocal: Luk 11:20 – the kingdom Luk 20:23 – he
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
8
This is explained at Mat 12:25-26.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
2 d. The First Discourse: Luk 11:17-26.
It is divided into two parts: Jesus refutes this blasphemous explanation of His cures (Luk 11:17-19); He gives their true explanation (Luk 11:20-26).
Fuente: Godet Commentary (Luke, John, Romans and 1 Corinthians)
Verse 17
The verses which follow, to Luke 11:17-22, are the Savior’s reply to the allegations in the Luke 11:15. The reply to the requisition made in the Luke 11:16 is contained in Luke 11:29-32.
Luke 11:21,22. That is, the power of Satan could not be thus encountered and destroyed, but by an enemy, and an enemy stronger than the one thus overcome.
Fuente: Abbott’s Illustrated New Testament
11:17 {4} But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and a house [divided] against a house falleth.
(4) The true way to know the true Christ from the false is this, that the true Christ has no harmony or agreement with Satan: and once we know him it is left for us to acknowledge him.
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
Jesus at least knew the thoughts of his critics by their request for a greater sign (Luk 11:16) if not by prophetic insight. He argued first that the head of an army would hardly work with his enemy against his own troops. Second, if Satan was behind Jesus’ exorcisms, it was logical to assume that he was behind the exorcisms that some recognized Jewish exorcists performed (cf. Act 19:13-14). Jesus’ antagonists would have been unwilling to concede that. They wanted to maintain a double standard believing that their approved exorcists operated with God’s power, but Jesus used Satan’s. God gave the Jewish exorcists their power too. Jesus believed in a real devil who heads a kingdom that is strong and united (cf. Eph 2:1-3; Eph 6:10-18).
Jesus’ allusion to the finger of God (Luk 11:20) goes back to Moses’ miracles in Pharaoh’s court (Exo 8:19). There the Egyptians confessed that the finger (i.e., action) of God was at work when they could no longer reproduce Moses’ miracles. Jesus claimed the same divine source of power for His miracles. His miracles indicated the coming of the Messiah and the approach of His kingdom. This was Jesus’ third argument.