Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Luke 22:20
Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup [is] the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
20. the new testament ] Hence the name of the New Testament. The word Diatheke (Heb. Berith) means both a will, and an agreement or covenant, see Jer 31:31. “It contains all the absolute elements of the one, with the conditional elements of the other. Hence the New Testament ( kaine Diatheke) is the revelation of a new relation on God’s part with the conditions necessary to its realisation on man’s part.” Fairbairn.
in my blood ] i.e. ratified by my blood shed for you. The best comment is Heb 9:15; Heb 9:18-22; 1Co 11:25. The other Synoptists have “my blood of the New Testament.”
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Verse 20. This cup is the new testament in my blood] Perhaps it might be better to paraphrase the passage thus: This cup which is poured out for you, signifies the blood of the new covenant, which is shortly to be ratified in (or by) the shedding of my blood. Or, This cup is the new covenant, poured out for you with my blood: – that is, the paschal sacrifice and my sacrifice happen together. But see Kypke.
It does not appear that our Lord handed either the bread or the cup to each person; he gave it to him who was next to him, and, by handing it from one to another, they shared it among themselves, Lu 22:17. In this respect the present mode of administering the Lord’s Supper is not strictly according to the original institution.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Likewise also the cup after supper,…. Both after the passover, and the Lord’s supper; that is, he took the cup after they had eaten the bread, and gave thanks over it, and gave it to his disciples, bidding them drink of it, as in Mt 26:27,
[See comments on Mt 26:27]:
saying, this cup is the New Testament in my blood, which is shed for you. The Ethiopic version reads, “for many”; as in Mt 26:28 where it is added, “for the remission of sins”; [See comments on Mt 26:28].
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
After the supper ( ). Preposition and the accusative articular infinitive. The textual situation here is confusing, chiefly because of the two cups (verses Luke 22:17; Luke 22:20). Some of the documents omit the latter part of verse 19 and all of verse 20. It is possible, of course, that this part crept into the text of Luke from 1Co 11:24f. But, if this part is omitted, Luke would then have the order reversed, the cup before the bread. So there are difficulties whichever turn one takes here with Luke’s text whether one cup or two cups.
The New Covenant ( ). See on Matt 26:28; Mark 14:24 for “covenant.” Westcott and Hort reject “new” there, but accept it here and in 1Co 11:25. See on Lu 5:38 for difference between and . “The ratification of a covenant was commonly associated with the shedding of blood; and what was written in blood was believed to be indelible” (Plummer).
Poured out (). Same word in Mark 14:24; Matt 26:28 translated “shed.” Late form present passive participle of of , to pour out.
Fuente: Robertson’s Word Pictures in the New Testament
The cup. See on Mr 14:23.
Testament [] – shed. See on Mt 26:28.
Fuente: Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament
1) “Likewise also the cup after supper, saying,” (kai to poterion meta to deipnesai legon) “And in a similar manner, after the sup, he also took the cup saying,” explaining, after the passover supper, and giving directions for its future use in His church fellowship worship, Mat 26:27, directing them to drink of it in memory of Him, as they- had formerly taken it in remembrance of the passover deliverance.
2) “This cup is the new testament In my blood,” (touto to poterion he kaine diatheke en to haimati mou) “This cup is (exists as a symbol or memorial) of a new covenant in my blood,” 1Co 10:16; Mat 26:28; and they drank of it in originating or establishing the Lord’s Supper, Mar 14:23; 1Co 11:25-26; Heb 8:8-12.
3) “Which is shed for you.” (to huper humon ekchunnomenon) “Which is being shed on your behalf,” for the remission of your sins, Mar 14:24. After the Passover Supper was ended, had fulfilled its memorial purpose, commemorating Israel’s deliverance from Egypt, until the true sacrifice was at hand, Jesus then took two of its elements and instituted this new covenant memorial of His death.
Fuente: Garner-Howes Baptist Commentary
(20) This cup is the new testament in my blood.Better, New Covenant. The adjective is, in the best MSS., peculiar to St. Luke, as also is the shed for you instead of shed for many. The participle is in the present tense, which is being shed, like the being given, in Luk. 22:19. St. Paul and St. Luke agree in placing the giving of the cup after they had supped. (See Note on Mat. 26:28.)
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Luk 22:20. The new testament The new covenant.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
20. ] These words cannot be said of , ‘ nam poculum plenum non effunditur, sed bibitur ’ (Bengel), but are said , which is the wine poured out from the grapes ( ) and represents the Blood poured out from the Lord’s Body.
Here follows, in Mat 26:29 , Mar 14:25 , a second declaration, respecting not drinking any more of this fruit of the vine .
Fuente: Henry Alford’s Greek Testament
also the cup = the cup also. after. Greek. meta. App-104. new. Greek kaine. See Mat 9:16, Mat 9:17.
testament = covenant. Greek. diatheke. See notes on Heb 9:14-23. Blood has nothing to do with a “will” or “testament”, but it has with a covenant. for. Greek. eis. App-104.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
20. ] These words cannot be said of , nam poculum plenum non effunditur, sed bibitur (Bengel), but are said , which is the wine poured out from the grapes ( ) and represents the Blood poured out from the Lords Body.
Here follows, in Mat 26:29, Mar 14:25, a second declaration, respecting not drinking any more of this fruit of the vine.
Fuente: The Greek Testament
Luk 22:20. , in like manner) Therefore we ought not either to separate or to confound the two parts of the Holy Supper; as if the bread were sufficient without the cup, or as if the blood were already received with [that is, in the receiving of] the body.[233] The ancients esteemed it unmannerly to eat bread as if one were drinking it (panem bibere, to swallow it, as a thirsty person would, a drink): and it is not our part either, to eat the drink of the Lord (the cup of the Lord given us to drink).- , the cup) viz. He took and gave. The has the force of a relative referring back to Luk 22:17, where the cup is mentioned along with the wine (the fruit of the vine, Luk 22:18). For a noun, when employed twice, very often on its first introduction has no article [ , Luk 22:17]; whereas, when next it occurs, it has the article. Mat 2:1; Mat 2:7 [- ]; 1Co 8:1; Heb 2:8.- ) after the supper, not the Sacramental Supper: thus making a transition to greater subjects, and those about to be the last events.- , the New Testament in My blood) This is equivalent to that phrase, My blood, which is of the New Testament. [Mat 26:28] Comp. note on 1Co 10:16.[234] So we find the expression, the promise of the Spirit, i.e. the Spirit that was promised, Gal 3:14.- , which is being poured out [shed] for you. This forms part of the Predicate (for the full cup is not poured out, but is drunk off), and is joined with the clause, , in My blood, by apposition; cases similar to this occur, 2Co 8:23 [Apposition of the Genitive and Nominative, , , etc.], Luk 11:28, where see the note; Rev 1:5; LXX. Lev 6:8, Al. 15; Gen 21:33 [ , ]; Deu 33:16.
[233] i.e. In receiving the bread; which, according to the Romish doctrine of concomitance, not only contains the very body, but also the blood.-E. and T.
[234] He who partakes of this cup partakes of the New Testament sealed with the blood of Christ, and is a spiritual partaker of the body and blood of Christ Himself.-E. and T.
Fuente: Gnomon of the New Testament
This: Exo 24:8, Zec 9:11, 1Co 10:16-21, 1Co 11:25, Heb 8:6-13, Heb 9:17, Heb 12:24, Heb 13:20
Reciprocal: Psa 48:9 – lovingkindness Psa 116:13 – I will take Jer 31:31 – I Eze 5:5 – This Mat 26:26 – this Mat 26:27 – he took Mar 14:22 – as Luk 22:19 – is my 1Co 11:23 – took 2Co 3:6 – the new Gal 4:24 – for Eph 5:25 – loved Heb 7:22 – of a Heb 8:8 – a new 1Jo 5:6 – blood
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
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After supper means after the Passover supper. “A testament is of force after men are dead” Heb 9:16-18. As the animal sacrifices constituted the testament under the Mosaic system, so the blood of Christ (which will have been shed in his death), was to constitute the new tesa-ment in my blood.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Luk 22:20. The cup. The one standing before Him.
After supper. The paschal lamb had been eaten, and the feast was about to conclude with the third cup (the cup of blessing), since according to Matthew and Mark, our Lord gave, or, as we would say, returned thanks with this cup. A fourth cup usually followed, but of this no mention is made.
The new covenant in my blood. This means: the new covenant which is ratified or established in my blood. The form here used agrees with that of Paul (1Co 11:25). Some paraphrase thus: This cup is the new covenant because it contains my blood; but even this view gives no countenance to the literal rendering of the Roman Catholics, since the cup could only represent the covenant.
That which is poured out for you. This is spoken of the blood, although the form of the original admits of a reference to the word cup. More exactly it points to the fruit of the vine poured out from the grapes and representing the blood of Christ. Otherwise the sign would not include a pouring out, which is essential here, especially in view of the breaking of the bread.
Fuente: A Popular Commentary on the New Testament
Verse 20
This cup is the new testament; that is, the wine, representing blood, is the symbol of the new covenant, by which God grants remission of sins through the atoning sufferings of Jesus. The Roman Catholic church understands the expressions, “This is my body,” and “This is my blood,” (Mark 14:24,) literally, and maintain that when the bread and wine are consecrated by their priests, they become really and truly the body and blood of Christ, although to the senses they remain as before. They accordingly sometimes bear their consecrated elements in processions, and pay divine honors to them.
Fuente: Abbott’s Illustrated New Testament
22:20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This {g} cup [is] {h} the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
(g) Here is a double use of metonymy: for first, the vessel is taken for that which is contained in the vessel, as the cup is spoken of for the wine which is within the cup. Second, the wine is called the covenant or testament, whereas in reality it is but the sign of the testament, or rather of the blood of Christ by which the testament was made: neither is it a vain sign, although it is not the same as the thing that it represents.
(h) This word “the” shows the excellency of the testament, and corresponds to Jer 31:31 where the new testament is promised.