Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Zechariah 1:13
And the LORD answered the angel that talked with me [with] good words [and] comfortable words.
13. the Lord ] i.e. Jehovah. This may either mean, that Almighty God answered from heaven the intercession of the Angel of the Lord (Zec 1:12), not to himself directly, but to the interpreting angel, by words which, whether he heard them himself or gathered their import from the angel’s address to him (Zec 1:14), the prophet knew to be “good, even comfortable;” or the Angel of the Lord of Zec 1:12 may be here identified with Jehovah (comp. Gen 18:1-2; Gen 18:13; Gen 18:17; Gen 18:22; Jos 5:13; Jos 6:2). and represented as Himself communicating to the interpreting angel the answer, which He had received from heaven.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
And the Lord answered the angel that talked with me – Either directly, at the intercession of the angel of the Lord, or mediately through an answer first given to him, and by him communicated to the subordinate angel. Neither is expressed.
Good words – As God had promised, after seventy years shall be accomplished at Babylon, I will visit you and perform My good word unto you, causing you to return to this place Jer 29:10; and Joshua says, There failed not ought of any good word which the Lord spake unto the house of Israel (Jos 21:43 (45 English) add Jos 23:14-15).
Comfortable words – Literally, consolations (as Isa 57:18). Perhaps the Angel who received the message had, from their tender compassion for us, whereby they joy over one sinner that repenteth Luk 15:10, a part in these consolations which he conveyed.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 13. The Lord answered the angel] And the angel told the prophet that the answer was gracious and comfortable. This answer is given in the next verse.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
The Lord, God the Father, answered the angel; Christ, the uncreated Angel, Lord of angels and Redeemer of Israel.
That talked with me; who had first talked by signs and visions, and next by explaining the mind and meaning of them, and answering the inquiries Zechariah made.
Good words; suitable and seasonable.
Comfortable words: the words ministered comfort to Jerusalem and the captives, the words imported deliverance and blessings.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
13. the LordJEHOVAH,called “the angel of the Lord (Jehovah)” (Zec1:12).
good words andcomfortable wordsliterally, “words, consolations.”The subject of these consolatory words is stated in Zec1:14, c. the promise of full re-establishment, Jer 29:10;Jer 29:11 (compare Isa 57:18;Hos 11:8).
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
And the Lord answered the angel that talked with me,…. See Zec 1:9 what was the effect of Christ’s intercession for the people of the Jews, was communicated to a ministering angel, and by him to the Prophet Zechariah:
[with] good words, and comfortable words; such as would be for the good and comfort of God’s people, as follows; see Isa 40:1.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
The Prophet shows here, that though God did not immediately on the first day stretch forth his hand to the miserable Jews, he was yet propitious to them. But we must notice, that God speaks only, and does not yet manifest his power. The Prophet’s design must be here observed; for first he reminds the faithful that there was no reason for them to despair, or to be cast down with sorrow; for celestial angels prayed to God for them, and pleaded for their salvation. This is one thing. But a greater and fuller confirmation is added; for God testifies that he is ready to deliver the Jews, though he does not declare this immediately at first. And here we may remark, that it ought to be sufficient to sustain our hope and patience, when God testifies and affirms that he favors us, and that our salvation is dear to him, however miserable our condition may apparently be. God might indeed have immediately given a real proof to the Jews that the time had come to restore them to full prosperity: this he did not, but only made a promise. He gave words only: but his purpose was, by an actual trial, to prove the patience and obedience of his people, when he said that he had not forgotten his covenant, on which depended all the promises previously made.
But the Prophet seems to allude to a prophecy of Isaiah in the fortieth chapter,
“
Comfort ye my people, saith your God.” Isa 40:1
The Prophets had been for a long time silent: it was indeed right that the Jews should remain long struggling, as they had for so many years hardened themselves against all threatening, and even despised all God’s judgments, according to what is said by Isaiah,
“
Let us eat and drink, tomorrow we shall die.” (Isa 22:13.)
As then the obstinacy of the people had been so great, it was proper that they should long mourn without comfort. But Isaiah says, that the time would come when God would command his servants to comfort his people again as in former times. Zechariah says now, that God spoke consoling words. We hence learn, that the desires of the godly and the prayer of the angel had been heard; for redemption was now nigh at hand, according to what is said in the hundred and second Psalm, “It is time for thee, O God, to have mercy on Sion, for its time is come;” that is, “The seventy years are completed, which it has pleased thee to assign for our exile.” It now follows —
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
CRITICAL NOTES.]
Zec. 1:16. Returned] to Jerusalem, from whom God had withdrawn. Line] All obstacles removed, the temple completed, and the whole city shall be regular in shape, and exact in its survey.
Zec. 1:17. Cities] Other cities of Judah belong to God, will prosper and spread] Lit. scattered not by an invading foe, but by growth and abundance (cf. Zec. 2:4; Zec. 8:4).
Zec. 1:18-21.] Four horns] The second vision. The foes of the Jews will be destroyed. Scattered] The people of God surrounded by enemies on all sides. The number four referred to the four quarters of the earth in relation to Palestine [cf. Hend]; by others, to four chief nations.
Zec. 1:20. Carpenters] Artificers for each horn, indicating the agencies God employs for the destruction of those hostile to his people; skilful to destroy (Eze. 21:31). Lifted up] Depressed with suffering and fear (Job. 10:15). Fray] Terrify and scatter them in their pride and tyranny (Eze. 30:9; Psa. 75:4-5).
HOMILETICS
COMFORTABLE WORDS.Zec. 1:13-17
Jehovah replied to the intercession of the angel that he loved Jerusalem, and that this love would be displayed in securing its good. If we wait patiently, and commit our trouble to our Intercessor, we shall have good words for ourselves, and comfortable words for others.
I. Gods love in its objects. He was jealous for his people, and angry with their enemies.
1. He loved Jerusalem. The city had been wronged by others. His honour was involved in its insults. He was zealous for her interests, zealous, with a great jealousy, for her good. He had been ill-requited for kindnesshad chastised them for desertsbut his love changed not. In the past and in the present he was a jealous God (Exo. 34:14).
2. He was displeased with their enemies. I am very sore displeased with the heathen that are at ease. He was but a little displeased, when he gave them permission to chastise his people. But they afflicted them more than he desired, and sought their extinction to gratify lust and revenge. They helped forward the affliction. Gods displeasure is temporary and for good; mens displeasure is lasting and cruel.
II. Gods love in its consequences. Therefore, thus saith the Lord, &c. (Zec. 1:16). Judgments were designed to restore them to Godthat he might return in mercy to them. God hides his face and we are troubled (Psa. 30:7); he returns and we rejoice. We have mercy instead of wrathmercies repeated and manifold. I am returned to Jerusalem with mercies.
1. The capital shall be built. All hindrances shall be removed, and instead of scattered houses, the whole city shall be measured in order and regularity. A line shall be stretched forth over Jerusalem.
2. The temple shall be restored. My house shall be built in it. The worship of God should be the concern of men. Cities without churches are cities without ornaments. The palace of the prince must never take the place of the temple of God.
3. The country shall flourish. Cry yet, in addition to foregoing promises, my cities shall overflow with prosperity. Not only Jerusalem, but subordinate cities of Judah, shall have abundance of outward and spiritual increase. The produce of the vintage and the fruits of the earth; an extension of trade and an increase of population, shall be given. Whatever be the immediate prospects of the Church, God has great consolation for her. He will yet prosper and comfort Zion. The completion of the temple, the restoration of the city, and the increase of the people, are a declaration of his love, a manifestation of his purpose, and a pledge of his fidelity. The Lord shall comfort Zion; he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the Lord.
THE FOUR HORNS AND THE FOUR SMITHS, OR THE DANGER AND THE DEFENCE OF THE CHURCH.Zec. 1:18-21
This second vision is a fulfilment of the foregoing promise. The horn is an emblem of power. The four mentioned indicate hostile powers on every side, which seek to oppress and crush the people of God. The four smiths signify antagonistic forces which God has raised up and commisioned to destroy. Learn
I. The Church of Christ exists in the midst of conflict. These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. The Jews, in every age, were opposed by enemies. In Apostolic and succeeding times, the Christian Church had to contend with powers and principalitiespersecutions strong and violent. In every quarter of the earth the people of God have been in danger, have had to endure wrath, conflict, and death. Fiery trials await them everywhere. They are left to be tossed by the horns of the enemies, apparently defenceless, though loyal subjects of him who has all power in heaven and earth. It is Gods will that they should struggle and conquer in conflict with evil.
II. In this conflict God raises up men. Enemies and difficulties may surround the Church, but God provides help, and opens our eyes to discern it. The Lord showed me four (carpenters) smiths.
1. Men qualified in strength. Workmen are needed. Men of iron hand and resolute will. Smiths who can wield the hammer and smash the horns in pieces. Right kind of men are often wanting. Jeremiah searched in vain (ch. Jer. 4:22-25; Jer. 5:1), and another cries with a similar result: I sought for a man among them, that should make up the hedge and stand in the gap before me, for the land, that I should not destroy it; but I found none (Eze. 22:30).
2. Men sufficient in number. For every horn there was a smith to fray or destroy it. Strange that a kind of equilibrium between assault and defence should be maintained. But this is no ground for despair. The agencies to foil are as numerous as the enemies themselves. For every evil there is a remedy, and for every danger a deliverer. The horn may do its work, but the smith will follow to take vengeance.
III. Men of the right kind are raised up at the right time. The prophet saw the horns first, but had not long to wait for the carpenters. Just when they wore required they came ready for work. Men will be called and qualified when God has a work for them to do. They may be in the hut of the peasant or in the school of the prophet, preparing for the contest. Moses and Joshua, Paul and Luther, Knox and Whitfield, were raised up at the right time. Have confidence then. A providence silent and unseen works on and prepares the way. Where God has a people, there he is to defend and prosper them. Rutherford wrote to a little church in Scotland, harassed and ready to despair on account of persecution: So long as there is any of the Lords lost money in your town, he wont put out the candle.
HOMILETIC HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
Zec. 1:15. Gods displeasure.
1. Towards his people only short. A little displeased. Little, says Pusey, in comparison with our deserts; little, in comparison with the anger of the human instruments of his displeasure; little, in comparison with theirs who, in their anger, sought their own ends.
2. Towards his enemies very great. I am very sore displeased with the heathen. At ease themselves they persecute others. Though permitted to correct Gods people, they often with revengeful malice exceed their commission, and thus bring mischief upon themselves (Pro. 24:17-18). The chastisement of believers is temporary, and in love; the punishment of the wicked will be in anger, and for ever. God uses not the rod where he means to use the sword, says Bishop Hall.
Zec. 1:16-17.
1. The nature of the mercies. The rebuilding of the templerestoration of public worshiprebuilding of the metropolis, and increase of the cities.
2. The source of the mercies. Thus saith the Lord, I am returned. Thou hast punished us less than our iniquities deserve (Ezr. 9:13; Lam. 3:22).
3. The measure of the mercies. In Zec. 1:17 there are four yets, and all very gracious ones; to break their hard hearts and to raise their faith on his promised mercies. You shall have plentiful increase of men, cattle, and all manner of fruits of the earth, so that it shall no more be said, This is Zion whom no man careth for (Jer. 30:17); yea, you shall have a fulness of all things, not only repletive, but diffusive, not only of abundance but of redundance too; your cup shall overflow into the lesser vessels of others [cf. Trapp].
Surer to prosper than prosperity
Could have assured us [Milton].
Zec. 1:18-21. We learn from these verses that the friends of Zion are numerous as her foes; that her defence is equal to her danger; that as the state of his people requires it, the Lord will seasonably raise up means and instruments for their succour and deliverance. The assurance may be derived from four principles: the love of Godthe power of Godthe faithfulness of Godthe conduct of God. In the first, we see that he may be inclined to appear for them, as they are infinitely dear to him. In the second, we see that he is able to save them. In the third, that he is engaged to do it. In the fourth, that he always has done it. Scripture, history, and experience, being witness
Then let the would forbear their rage,
The Church renounce her fear;
Israel must live through every age,
And be the Almightys care [Jay].
ILLUSTRATIONS TO CHAPTER 1
Zec. 1:18-20. Fray. The Church may rest calmly in the assurance that every hostile power shall be judged and destroyed. The primary reference was to the Jews in restoring the city and completing the temple. But it has a wider significance. In the long history of the Church, it is proved that no weapon formed against her shall prosper [cf. Lange]. God directs and overrules all counsels and events for the progress and ultimate triumph of his kingdom.
Fuente: The Preacher’s Complete Homiletical Commentary Edited by Joseph S. Exell
(13) Angel.The Lord does not reply directly to the intercessor, but addresses the angel-interpreter, who at once, in the words of Zec. 1:14-17, delivers the message of comfort to the prophet.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
13. Jehovah answered Jehovah is to be identified with Jehovah of hosts (12). The fact that the reply disregards entirely the angel of Jehovah favors the identification of the two (compare Gen 31:11; Gen 31:13; Jos 5:13; Jos 6:2). The reply is addressed to the interpreting angel (see on Zec 1:9).
Good comfortable Though the contents of the divine answer had to be explained by the angel, the prophet seems to have understood from the beginning that the message was one of cheer. Good promising good, salutary (Jer 29:10); comfortable, literally, consolations, so called because they were intended to cheer the drooping spirit of the prophet and the community.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Zec 1:13 And the LORD answered the angel that talked with me [with] good words [and] comfortable words.
Ver. 13. And the Lord answered the angel ] How should God do otherwise than answer his well beloved Son with good and comfortable words, since he is all in all with the Father, and can do anything with him? Father, saith he, I know thou hearest me always, Joh 11:42 . Did God hear Abraham for Ishmael, nay, for Sodom? Did David hear Joab, interceding for Absalom? Did Herod hearken to Blastus, making request for those of Tyre and Sidon, with whom he was highly displeased? Act 12:20 . And shall not God give ear to his Son, praying for his people, that are as dear to him as the apple of his eye? Good and comfortable words he doth surely answer him; such as were once those, Joh 12:27-28 , when Christ had thus prayed, “Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour: but for this cause came I to this hour. Father, glorify thy name. Then came there a voice from heaven” (Bath-col the Rabbis call it), “saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again.” So, when he shall say in his daily intercession (for he ever liveth to make request for us, at the right hand of the majesty on high), It irketh me, that the whole earth is at rest, and my Church at so much unrest: “Return, O Lord, how long? and let it repent thee concerning thy servants,” Psa 90:13 “Save now, I beseech thee, O Lord: O Lord, I beseech thee, send now prosperity,” Psa 118:25 . How can God do less than answer, as Isa 33:10 “Now will I arise, now will I be exalted; now will I lift up myself”; or as in the words next following here (which indeed are all good along words and comfortable words), I am jealous for Jerusalem. The Lord shall yet comfort Zion, and shall yet choose Jerusalem; yet for all the sorrow he shall do for it, and for all that others call her an outcast, saying, “This is Zion, whom no man seeketh after,” Jer 30:17 ; and she herself concludeth her doleful ditty with, “Thou hast utterly rejected us; thou art very wroth against us.” Lam 4:22
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
answered. See note on Deu 1:41. Jehovah Himself now speaks.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
with good: Zec 1:14-16, Zec 2:4-12, Zec 8:2-8, Zec 8:19, Isa 40:1, Isa 40:2, Jer 29:10, Jer 30:10-22, Jer 31:3-14, Amo 9:11-15, Zep 3:14-20
Reciprocal: 1Ki 12:7 – speak good Psa 102:13 – Thou Pro 12:25 – but Dan 12:6 – one said Zec 2:3 – the angel Zec 3:1 – he Zec 4:1 – the angel
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Zec 1:13, The Lord was sympathetic toward the nation and gave the angel a comfortable message of assurance, which he was to give over to the prophet who was in turn to deliver it to his people for their benefit and encouragement of mind.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
Zec 1:13-17. And the Lord answered the angel By a voice, or impulse; and the angel communicated the reply to Zechariah. Newcome. So the angel said, Cry thou Now publish what thou hearest, and assure Gods poor, captive, empoverished church, that he will do her good. Saying, Thus saith the Lord of hosts The God of armies, and the Father of his people; I am jealous for Jerusalem I have been jealous against, but now am jealous for Jerusalem; my love is now raised to a very high degree of compassion for my people, and of indignation against her enemies and oppressors. The words may be rendered, I am jealous for Jerusalem with great zeal, for so the word often signifies. So that the meaning is, I have a great concern for the welfare of my people, and I will not any longer suffer them to be ill treated. I am very sore displeased with the heathen, &c. The remnant of the Babylonians, Philistines, Edomites, Samaritans, &c., which had not been made such examples of Gods severity as the Jews were. For I was but a little displeased
Namely, with the Jewish nation; and they Namely, their enemies; helped forward the affliction They added to, or lengthened out, the time of the affliction, namely, by hindering the accomplishment of Cyruss decree in favour of the Jews: see Ezr 4:1-6. Or the meaning is, Mine anger did not rise so high, as the punishment which the enemies of my people inflicted. I made the Babylonians instruments of my vengeance; but they exceeded their commission, and acted as they were prompted by their own ambition and cruelty; and I was displeased with them for their extreme cruelty, and with the nations who insulted over my people in their distress. Therefore I am returned to Jerusalem with mercies I will have compassion on Jerusalem, and cause her to experience the effects of my favour. And a line shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem That is, the architects measuring-line, for laying out the buildings. And Jerusalem shall be wholly rebuilt, and fortified with walls, &c. This accordingly was fulfilled not many years after, as we read Neh 3:4. My cities through prosperity shall yet be spread abroad Over the face of Judea: or, the cities of Judea shall be rebuilt, enlarged, and adorned, throughout the land. And the Lord shall yet comfort Zion By showing his wonted kindness to her after her affliction.
Fuente: Joseph Bensons Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
The Lord responded to the angel’s question graciously and with comforting words. However, what He said Zechariah did not reveal, either because he did not hear it or because he chose not to do so under divine inspiration.