Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Zechariah 9:5
Ashkelon shall see [it], and fear; Gaza also [shall see it], and be very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited.
5. her expectation ] The cities of Philistia, to which (Zec 9:5-7) after the subjugation of Syria (Zec 9:1-2) and Phnicia (Zec 9:3-4), the scourge passed, had naturally looked to Tyre to check the course of the invader and so save them from his onslaught.
the king shall perish from Gaza ] Rather, a king. The prediction is, not that the then reigning monarch should perish, but that monarchical government should cease. No argument can be drawn from this in favour of the ante-captivity date of this prophecy. It had been the policy of the Assyrians, Chaldans and Persians to leave tributary kings in the countries which they subdued. Hence their own monarchs assumed the title of “king of kings” (Ezr 7:12; Eze 26:7; Dan 2:37), and as Herodotus states it was the custom of the Persians to put honour upon the sons of the kings whom they had deposed and promote them to the sovereignty of their fathers (iii. 15). Alexander on the contrary pursued an entirely different plan and aimed at a consolidated empire. Such tributary monarchies were therefore abolished by him. Hegesias, a writer contemporary with Alexander, states that the king of Gaza was brought alive to the conqueror after the capture of the city, which in spite of the fate of Tyre had held out for five months. There is considerable difficulty in reconciling the statements of different writers on this point, but there seems no reason to doubt that the ruler of Gaza bore the title of “king” at that time.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Ashkelon shall see and fear – The words express that to see and fear shall be as one. The mightiest and wealthiest, Tyre, having fallen, the neighbor cities of Philistia who had hoped that her might should be their stay, shall stand in fear and shame. Tyre, being a merchant-city, the mother-city of the cities of the African coast and in Spain, its desolation caused the more terror Isa 23:5-11.
And the – (a) king shall perish from Gaza – that is it shall have no more kings. It had been the policy of the world-empires to have tributary kings in the petty kingdoms which they conquered, thus providing lot their continued tranquil submission to themselves . The internal government remained as before: the people felt no difference, except as to the payment of the tribute. The policy is expressed by the title king of kings, which they successively bore. Sennacherib speaks of the kings of Ascalon, Ekron and Gaza .
A contemperary of Alexander mentions, that the king of Gaza was brought alive to Alexander on its capture. Alexanders policy was essentially different from that of the world-monarchs before him. They desired only to hold an empire as wide as possible, leaving the native kings, if they could; and only, if these were intractable, placing their own lieutenants. Alexanders policy was to blend East and West into one. . These petty sovereignties, so many insulated centers of mutual repulsion, were essentially at variance with this plan, and so this remnant of sovereignty of 1,500 years was taken away by him, when, after a siege in which he himself was twice wounded, he took it. Alexander wholly depopulated it, and repeopled the city with strangers.
And Ashkelon shall not be inhabited – Ashkelon yielded at once to Jonathan, when he camped against it (1 Macc. 10:86), after he had taken and burned Ashdod and the cities round about it. In another expedition of Jonathan its inhabitants met him honorably, while they of Gaza shut him out at first (1 Macc. 11:60, 61). Simon – passed through the country unto Ascalon, and the holds there adjoining, without resistance, whereas he turned aside to Joppe, and won it (1 Macc. 12:33). He placed Jews in Gaza, but of Ascalon nothing is said. The ruins of a Christian city, built on its site, khirbet-Ascalon, have been lately discovered in the hills near Tell Zakariyeh, , and so, a little south of Timnath, a Philistine city in the days of Samson, whence Samson went to it, to gain the 30 changes of raiment Jdg 14:19. Commentators have assigned reasons, why Samson might have gone so far as the maritime Ascalon, whereas, in fact, he went to a city close by.
That city, in 536 a.d., had its Bishop . : The site shows the remains of an early Christian Church or convent: as a great lintel of stone , resembling somewhat the Maltese Cross, lies on the ground. It was probably destroyed by the inundation of Muslim conquest. In 1163 a.d. it was a ruin. The distance of the ruins from the Ascalon Maiumas corresponds to that assigned by Benjamin of Tudela, being twice the distance of that city from Ashdod ; but since he was at Beth Jibrin, he must have been not far from the spot where it has been recently discovered . The Ashkelon, which was Herods birth-place and which he beautified, must have been the well-known city by the sea; since the distance from Jerusalem assigned by Josephus is too great for the old Ashkelon, and he speaks of it as on the sea .
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 5. Ashkelon shall see it, and fear] All these prophecies seem to have been fulfilled before the days of Zechariah; another evidence that these last chapters were not written by him.
Her expectation shalt be ashamed] The expectation of being succoured by Tyre.
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Ashkelon, threatened by Zephaniah, Zep 2:4, which threat was executed by the Babylonians soon after the Jews captivity, when Nebuchadnezzar wasted the seacoast, and besieged and took Tyre; but this threat of Zechariah was fully executed by Alexander the Great, as is most likely.
Shall see it; as cities see the fall of neighbouring cities, they shall have the news of it, and know it; perhaps some Ashkelonites may be there, and see the siege, and tell it.
And fear; as men that have no power to defend themselves, nor means left of fleeing from the enemy.
Gaza; another strong town, a principality of the Philistines, enemy to Israel; which in Nebuchadnezzars time suffered with Tyre, Zep 2:4, and shall again so suffer in Alexanders time, as here foretold.
Be very sorrowful; at the news of Tyres fall shall take a fright, and fall into sorrows of a travailing woman, as the word imports.
Ekron, a city famous for idolatry, see Zep 2:4, shall as much fear and grieve as Ashkelon or Gaza.
Her expectation, her hope that Tyre would break Alexanders power, or hold out against it, and be a refuge to her citizens, who could not hope to withstand the conqueror,
shall be ashamed; turned into shame and confusion.
The king shall perish from Gaza; the government be overthrown; and perhaps this literally was fulfilled when Alexander the Great took Gaza after two months siege, and two slight wounds received, and finding Boetis, the king or roitelet, advanced to that dignity by Darius, thought good to put him to a cruel death, as Curtius, l. 4.
Ashkelon shall not be inhabited, i.e. for some years it shall be as waste, or as it was laid by the Babylonian, according to Zep 2:4.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
5. Ashkelon, &c.Gathalone is omitted, perhaps as being somewhat inland, and so out of theroute of the advancing conqueror.
Ekron . . . expectation . . .ashamedEkron, the farthest north of the Philistine cities, hadexpected Tyre would withstand Alexander, and so check hisprogress southward through Philistia to Egypt. This hope beingconfounded (“put to shame“), Ekron shall “fear.”
king shall perish fromGazaIts government shall be overthrown. In literal fulfilmentof this prophecy, after a two month’s siege, Gaza was taken byAlexander, ten thousand of its inhabitants slain, and the rest soldas slaves. Betis the satrap, or petty “king,” was bound toa chariot by thongs thrust through the soles of his feet, and draggedround the city.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Ashkelon shall see [it], and fear,…. That is, as Kimchi explains it, when Ashkelon shall see that Tyre humbles herself and submits, she shall humble herself and submit also: and the sense may be, that the inhabitants of Ashkelon, seeing that Tyre, with all her wisdom and strong reasoning, could not stand before the power of the Gospel, but submitted and embraced the Christian religion, were induced, through the efficacy of divine grace, to do the same; and certain it is that this place became Christian; we read h of a bishop of Ashkelon, in the synod of Nice, and of other bishops of this place in later councils: it belonged to Palestine, and was one of the five lordships of the Philistines, Jos 13:3.
Gaza also [shall see it], and be very sorrowful; this was a city of Palestine, near to Ashkelon; they are mentioned together, Jud 1:18 the Gentile inhabitants of this place, when they saw the progress the Gospel made in Tyre, Zidon, and Ashkelon, were grieved at it, but many among them submitted to it: very likely Philip the evangelist first preached the Gospel here; see Ac 8:26 there was a Christian bishop of this place in the Nicene council, and others in after ones i.
And Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; this was also one of the five lordships of the Philistines, Jos 13:3 which, being near to Tyre, had its dependence on that, expecting it could never be taken; but when they saw that it was taken by Alexander, it was ashamed of its vain expectation, hope, and confidence: and so the inhabitants of this place, when the Gospel came to it, were “ashamed of the house of [their] confidence”, as the Targum paraphrases the words; the confidence they had in their idols, and in the works of their own hands; and were also “ashamed because of their iniquities”, as the Arabic version renders them; being convinced of them, and humbled for them, and betaking themselves to Christ for salvation from them. It is probable, that Philip preached the Gospel here, seeing it was not far from Azotus or Ashdod, next mentioned, where Philip is heard of after the baptism of the eunuch: and if Ekron is the same with Caesarea, that was called Strato’s tower, as say the Jews k; and which also Jerom l observes, some say are the same it is certain that Philip was there, Ac 8:40 there were several Christian bishops of this place in later times m.
And the king shall perish from Gaza; some understand this of Batis, who was governor of Gaza, when it was taken by Alexander; who was fastened to a chariot, and dragged about the city, as Curtius n relates; but this man was not a king, but governor of the city under one: I rather think the idol Marnes, which signifies “the lord of man”, and was worshipped in this place, is here meant; which when it became Christian was destroyed, and a Christian church built in the room of it, as is reported by Jerom o.
And Ashkelon shall not be inhabited; by Heathens, but by Christians.
h Reland. Palestina Illustrata, l. 3. p. 594. i Ib. p. 795. k T. Bab. Megilla, fol. 6. 1. l De locis Hebraicis, fol. 88. D. m Reland. ib. p. 676, &c. n Hist. l. 4. c. 6. o Comment in Isa. xvii. tom. 5. fol. 39. H. Epist. ad Laetam, tom. 1. fol. 19. E.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
Zec 9:5. “Ashkelon shall see it, and fear; Gaza, and tremble greatly; and Ekron, for her hope has been put to shame; and the king will perish out of Gaza, and Ashkelon will not dwell. Zec 9:6. The bastard will dwell in Ashdod; and I shall destroy the pride of the Philistines. Zec 9:7. And I shall take away his blood out of his mouth, and his abominations from between his teeth; and he will also remain to our God, and will be as a tribe-prince in Judah, and Ekron like the Jebusite.” From the Phoenicians the threat turns against the Philistines. The fall of the mighty Tyre shall fill the Philistian cities with fear and trembling, because all hope of deliverance from the threatening destruction is thereby taken away (cf. Isa 23:5). is jussive. The effect, which the fall of Tyre will produce upon the Philistian cities, is thus set forth as intended by God. The description is an individualizing one in this instance also. The several features in this effect are so distributed among the different cities, that what is said of each applies to all. They will not only tremble with fear, but will also lose their kingship, and be laid waste. Only four of the Philistian capitals are mentioned, Gath being passed over, as in Amo 1:6, Amo 1:8; Zep 2:4, and Jer 25:20; and they occur in the same order as in Jeremiah, whose prophecy Zechariah had before his mind. To we must supply from the parallel clause; and to not only , but also . The reason for the fear is first mentioned in connection with Ekron, – namely, the fact that the hope is put to shame. is the hiphil of (Ewald, 122, e), in the ordinary sense of this hiphil, to be put to shame. with seghol stands for (Ewald, 88, d, and 160, d), the object of hope or confidence. Gaza loses its king. Melekh without the article is the king as such, not the particular king reigning at the time of the judgment; and the meaning is, “Gaza will henceforth have no king,” i.e., will utterly perish, answering to the assertion concerning Ashkelon: , she will not dwell, i.e., will not come to dwell, a poetical expression for be inhabited (see at Joe 3:20). The reference to a king of Gaza does not point to times before the captivity. The Babylonian and Persian emperors were accustomed to leave to the subjugated nations their princes or kings, if they would only submit as vassals to their superior control. They therefore bore the title of “kings of kings” (Eze 26:7; cf. Herod. iii. 15; Stark, Gaza, pp. 229, 230; and Koehler, ad h. l.). In Ashdod will mamzer dwell. This word, the etymology of which is obscure (see at Deu 23:3, the only other passage in which it occurs), denotes in any case one whose birth has some blemish connected with it; so that he is not an equal by birth with the citizens of a city or the inhabitants of a land. Hengstenberg therefore renders it freely, though not inappropriately, by Gesindel (rabble). The dwelling of the bastard in Ashdod is not at variance with the fact that Ashkelon “does not dwell,” notwithstanding the individualizing character of the description, according to which what is affirmed of one city also applies to the other. For the latter simply states that the city will lose its native citizens, and thus forfeit the character of a city. The dwelling of bastards or rabble in Ashdod expresses the deep degradation of Philistia, which is announced in literal terms in the second hemistich. The pride of the Philistines shall be rooted out, i.e., everything shall be taken from them on which as Philistines they based their pride, viz., their power, their fortified cities, and their nationality. “These words embrace the entire contents of the prophecy against the Philistines, affirming of the whole people what had previously been affirmed of the several cities” (Hengstenberg).
A new and important feature is added to this in Zec 9:7. Their religious peculiarity – namely, their idolatry – shall also be taken from them, and their incorporation into the nation of God brought about through this judgment. The description in Zec 9:7 is founded upon a personification of the Philistian nation. the suffixes of the third pers. sing. and the pronoun in Zec 9:7 do not refer to the mamzer (Hitzig), but to p e lishtm (the Philistines), the nation being comprehended in the unity of a single person. This person appears as an idolater, who, when keeping a sacrificial feast, has the blood and flesh of the sacrificial animals in his mouth and between his teeth. Damm is not human blood, but the blood of sacrifices; and shiqqutsm , abominations, are not the idols, but the idolatrous sacrifices, and indeed their flesh. Taking away the food of the idolatrous sacrifices out of their mouth denotes not merely the interruption of the idolatrous sacrificial meals, but the abolition of idolatry generally. He also (the nation of the Philistines regarded as a person) will be left to our God. The gam refers not to the Phoenicians and Syrians mentioned before, of whose being left nothing was said in Zec 9:1-4, but to the idea of “Israel” implied in , our God. Just as in the case of Israel a “remnant” of true confessors of Jehovah is left when the judgment falls upon it, so also will a remnant of the Philistines be left for the God of Israel. The attitude of this remnant towards the people of God is shown in the clauses which follow. He will be like an ‘alluph in Judah. This word, which is applied in the earlier books only to the tribe-princes of the Edomites and Horites (Gen 36:15-16; Exo 15:15; 1Ch 1:51.), is transferred by Zechariah to the tribe-princes of Judah. It signifies literally not a phylarch, the head of an entire tribe ( matteh , ), but a chiliarch, the head of an ‘eleph , one of the families into which the tribes were divided. The meaning “friend,” which Kliefoth prefers (cf. Mic 7:5), is unsuitable here; and the objection, that “all the individuals embraced in the collective cannot receive the position of tribe-princes in Judah” (Kliefoth), does not apply, because is not an ordinary collective, but the remnant of the Philistines personified as a man. Such a remnant might very well assume the position of a chiliarch of Judah. This statement is completed by the addition “and Ekron,” i.e., the Ekronite “will be like the Jebusite.” The Ekronite is mentioned fore the purpose of individualizing in the place of all the Philistines. “Jebusite” is not an epithet applied to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, but stands for the former inhabitants of the citadel of Zion, who adopted the religion of Israel after the conquest of this citadel by David, and were incorporated into the nation of the Lord. This is evident from the example of the Jebusite Araunah, who lived in the midst of the covenant nation, according to 2Sa 24:16., 1Ch 21:15., as a distinguished man of property, and not only sold his threshing-floor to king David as a site for the future temple, but also offered to present the oxen with which he had been ploughing, as well as the plough itself, for a burnt-offering. On the other hand, Koehler infers, from the conventional mode of expression employed by the subject when speaking to his king, “ thy God,” and the corresponding words of David, “ my God” instead of our God, that Araunah stood in the attitude of a foreigner towards the God of Israel; but he is wrong in doing so. And there is quite as little ground for the further inference drawn by this scholar from the fact that the servants of Solomon and the Nethinim are reckoned together in Ezr 2:58 and Neh 7:60, in connection with the statement that Solomon had levied bond-slaves for his buildings from the remnants of the Canaanitish population (1Ki 9:20), viz., that the Jebusites reappeared in the Nethinim of the later historical books, and that the Nethinim “given by David and the princes” were chiefly Jebusites, according to which “Ekron’s being like a Jebusite is equivalent to Ekron’s not only meeting with reception into the national fellowship of Israel through circumcision, but being appointed, like the Jebusites, to service in the sanctuary of Jehovah.” On the contrary, the thought is simply this: The Ekronites will be melted up with the people of God, like the Jebusites with the Judaeans. Kliefoth also observes quite correctly, that “there is no doubt that what is specially affirmed of the Philistians is also intended to apply to the land of Chadrach, to Damascus, etc., as indeed an absolute generalization follows expressly in Zec 9:10…. Just as in what precedes, the catastrophe intended for all these lands and nations is specially described in the case of Tyre alone; so here conversion is specially predicted of the Philistines alone.”
If we inquire now into the historical allusion or fulfilment of this prophecy, it seems most natural to think of the divine judgment, which fell upon Syria, Phoenicia, and Philistia through the march of Alexander the Great from Asia Minor to Egypt. After the battle at Issus in Cilicia, Alexander sent one division of his army under Parmenio to Damascus, to conquer this capital of Coele-Syria. On this expedition Hamath must also have been touched and taken. Alexander himself marched from Cilicia direct to Phoenicia, where Sidon and the other Phoenician cities voluntarily surrendered to him; and only Tyre offered so serious a resistance in its confidence in its own security, that it was not till after a seven months’ siege and very great exertions that he succeeded in taking this fortified city by storm. On his further march the fortified city of Gaza also offered a prolonged resistance, but it too was eventually taken by storm (cf. Arrian, ii. 15ff.; Curtius, iv. 12, 13, and 2-4; and Stark, Gaza, p. 237ff.). On the basis of these facts, Hengstenberg observes ( Christol. iii. p. 369), as others have done before him, that “there can be no doubt that in Zec 9:1-8 we have before us a description of the expedition of Alexander as clear as it was possible for one to be given, making allowance for the difference between prophecy and history.” But Koehler has already replied to this, that the prophecy in Zec 9:7 was not fulfilled by the deeds of Alexander, since neither the remnant of the Phoenicians nor the other heathen dwelling in the midst of Israel were converted to Jehovah through the calamities connected with Alexander’s expedition; and on this ground he merely regards the conquests of Alexander as the commencement of the fulfilment, which was then continued throughout the calamities caused by the wars of succession, the conflicts between the Egyptians, Syrians, and Romans, until it was completed by the fact that the heathen tribes within the boundaries of Israel gradually disappeared as separate tribes, and their remnants were received into the community of those who confessed Israel’s God and His anointed. But we must go a step further, and say that the fulfilment has not yet reached its end, but is still going on, and will until the kingdom of Christ shall attain that complete victory over the heathen world which is foretold in Zec 9:8.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
In this verse also is described the devastation of those cities which the Prophet names; as though he had said, that all those cities which had risen up against God’s people were devoted to extreme vengeance. Zechariah says that none would be exempt from punishment, since the hand of God would be stretched forth, and extend everywhere, so that it might be easily concluded, that all those who had unjustly harassed the Church would be thus rewarded for their cruelty. This is the import of what is here said.
He says that Ascalon would see and fear; for at that time the Ascalonites were hostile to the Jews. He speaks the same of Aza, which the Greeks called Gaza; but they were deceived in thinking it was a name given to it by Cambyses, for the reason that Gaza means a treasure in the Persian language. This is childish. It is indeed certain that it has been owing to a change in the pronunciation of one letter; for ע, oin, is guttural among the Hebrews, and was formerly so pronounced, like our g: as they called Amorrah, Gomorrah, so Aza is Gaza. We have spoken of this elsewhere.
Now it appears from geography that these cities were near the sea, or not far from the sea, and having this advantage they gathered much wealth. But as wealth commonly generates pride and cruelty, all these nations were very troublesome to the Jews. This is the reason why the Prophet says that grief would come on Gaza, and then on Ekron and on other cities. He adds, Because ashamed shall be her expectation. There is no doubt but they had placed their trust in Tyrus, which was thought to be impregnable; for though enemies might have subdued the whole land, there a secure station remained. Since they all looked to Tyrus, the Prophet says that their hope would be confounded, when Tyrus was overthrown and destroyed. The sum of the whole is, that the beginning of the vengeance would be at Tyrus, which was situated as it were beyond the world, so as not to be exposed to any evils. He says then that the beginning of the calamity would be in that city, to which no misfortunes, as it was thought, could find an access. And then he mentions that other cities, on seeing Tyrus visited with ruin, would be terrified, as their confidence would be thus subverted. He afterwards adds, Perish shall the king from Gaza, and Ascalon shall not be inhabited; that is, such a change will take place as will almost obliterate the appearance of these cities. It follows —
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
CRITICAL NOTES.]
Zec. 9:5.] Principal cities of the Philistines given. Gath only left out, probably owing to its situation inland, lying out of the route of the army. The fall of Tyre terrified these capitals of different districts. If Tyre could not stand how could they? Expect.] Ekron, furthest north, expected Alexander would be checked at Tyre. Gaza] captured after a siege of two months. Betis, its governor, was bound to a chariot, and dragged round the city.
Zec. 9:6. Ashdod] A bastard (foreigner or stranger) of the conquerors nominated ruler.
Zec. 9:7. Blood] of sacrifices, which heathens often drank. Abominations] Idolatrous offerings. A prediction of future conversion of the Philistines to the knowledge and service of the true God. Their abandonment of idolatry, and their embracing the true religion, is represented by no longer drinking blood, and eating things sacrificed to idols, both of which were common among pagans, but prohibited by the Mosaic law, and by the apostles (Num. 25:2; Lev. 7:6; Act. 15:29) [Henderson]. He] The Philistines regarded as one. Left] Many Philistines became proselytes to Judaism, says Josephus. Governor] Philistine princes shall be like tribe-princes (chiliarchs) in Judah. There will be no distinction between proselytes and native Jewsall will enjoy equal honours and privileges. Jebusites] Original inhabitants of Jerusalem, subjugated by David, incorporated among Jews, and enjoyed their privileges (2Sa. 24:16).
Zec. 9:8. House] Jews, not to be injured by the army of Alexander on its march to or from Egypt. Fulfilled to the letter. Samaritans punished, but Jews escaped [cf. Henderson]. Seen] Lit. Now do I look with mine eyes. They were indebted to Gods providence only.
Zec. 9:9.] A royal personage to appear without armies, and to reign without destructive judgments. Daughter] Theocratic nation to rejoice at the appearance of her king (Psa. 2:11). Thine] i.e. the one promised and long expected. Just] in his official and personal character. An attribute of the Messiah in connection with salvation (Isa. 45:21; Isa. 53:11; Jer. 23:5-6). Lowly] Expressing his general character, not merely his humiliation in first advent. Colt] A rough unbroken colt. An ass was not a mean and despised animal, but in triumphant processions horses were chosen, and arrayed in costly caparisons.
HOMILETICS
JUDGMENTS UPON PHILISTIA.Zec. 9:5-7
The prophet now turns to the inveterate enemies of Israel, and mentions four capitals of the Philistines. Their country lay between Tyre (or Phnicia) and Egypt, the south-east of the Mediterranean Sea. What is said of one may be said of all, and the fate of the different cities corresponds with the prediction.
I. The cities lost their rulers. The king shall perish from Gaza. The Persians set up petty kings as vassals to their superior control. Notwithstanding two months siege, Gaza was taken, its inhabitants sold, and put to death. Betis, its brave king, was most cruelly fastened to the chariot of the conqueror, and dragged through the streets.
II. The cities were depopulated. A foreigner shall sit as ruler in Ashdod. They lost their native people, and were filled with a mongrel breed. At first a stranger was nominated to govern in Ashdod; but eventually the inhabitant shall be cut off from Ashdod. Ashkelon, once noted for its figs and fertility, though dismantled and re-fortified several times, is now surrounded with desolate ruins of former grandeur.
III. The cities were bereft of their religion. They shall no longer glut themselves with bloodsheddings. The prey of their gods was taken from their mouths. I will take away his blood out of his mouth, and his abominations from between his teeth. There was not mere suspension but total abolition of their idolatry. They lost their religion and their nationality, and were incorporated with the Jews.
IV. The cities were desolated. I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. Their hopes were cut off; for Tyre did not check Alexanders triumphant march. Their fortifications were cut off, and levelled to the ground. Everything in which they prided themselves, strength, situation, wealth, and nationality, were cut off. The day of wrath came, and all was swept like chaff before the whirlwind. The desolate ruins now declare that God is a consuming fire. For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation; they shall drive out Ashdod at the noon-day, and Ekron shall be rooted up (Zep. 2:4).
A CONVERTED REMNANT OF PHILISTIA.Zec. 9:7
Just as God left a remnant for himself in Israel when judgment fell upon them, so a remnant shall be left for God in Philistia. But he that remaineth, even he, shall be for our God.
I. The remnant was preserved from destruction. Some remained after judgments had swept the land, and were converted to God. Monuments of grace and mercy set apart for him. From all nations God will gather his people. Nothing shall be a barrier to acceptance with him. The son of the stranger that hath joined himself to the Lord (Isa. 56:3).
II. The remnant was incorporated with Israel. There would be no distinction between the Israelite and the Philistine.
1. Dignity would be conferred upon them. Their honour and elevation before God and the people shall be as a governor in Judah.
2. Equal privileges would be conferred upon them. And Ekron as a Jebusite. Jebusites were incorporated with Jews, and enjoyed equal honours and rights (2Sa. 24:16). In Christ Jesus there is no distinction of race nor sect. All are one in him, and alike welcome to him. The proselytes under the Maccabean dynasty, were only a partial fulfilment of the text. Heathens shall yet be converted, and be joined to Gods people. The strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob (cf. Isa. 14:1; Isa. 56:8).
THE DIVINE ENCAMPMENT.Zec. 9:8-9
While neighbouring nations are destroyed, a promise of Divine protection is made to the Jews. Their nationality would be preserved, and all their sufferings would turn out for good. For this they were indebted to God, who encamped about them, and watched over them.
I. The Christian Church is surrounded by enemies. She is in the battle-field, and at war with all ungodliness. Enemies seek to oppress and subdue herpass by and return. There is marching and counter-marching, with a design to attack. Powers of darkness invade our spheres of action, and encamp within us. In this moral campaign the fight is indispensable, holy, and severe. The good fight of faith.
II. The Christian Church is defended by God. I will encamp about mine house. It is not a mere visit, but an encampment, a dwelling or settlement.
1. God watches over her. Now have I seen with mine eyes. Some think that he does not see at all, or only looks when he interferes. But he ever beholds the insolence of the enemy, and the sufferings of his peoplewill judge the one and avenge the other. Awake to help me, and behold.
2. God delivers her. No oppressor shall pass through them any more. Alexander punished the Samaritans, but favoured the Jews. No foreigners invaded the land before the advent of Messiah, as Assyrians and Chaldeans had done of old. God guarded them, like the chariots of fire and horses of fire round about Elisha. The power and goodness of God are pledged for the triumph and salvation of his Church. On every side the watch is kept with sleepless eyes. None can resist the Captain of the Lord of Hosts. The Angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that fear him, and delivereth them.
III. The Christian Church should rejoice in this defence. To show the magnitude and the consequences of this salvation, Zion is called upon to rejoice and shout for joy in the prospect before her (Zec. 9:9). If the presence of Alexander, Csar, or Wellington, created joy in the camp; what confidence should the presence of God inspire! Napoleons oversight was remarkable, Cromwells interest in his men was great; but God says, Rejoice greatly. Cowardice in Gods presence is doubly criminal. Cowards falter, said Queen Elizabeth, but danger is often overcome by those who nobly dare. Fear not, daughter of Sion (Joh. 12:15).
HOMILETIC HINTS AND OUTLINES
Zec. 9:7. He that remaineth. The elect remnant.
1. From whom chosen.
2. To what promoted. Ekron as a Jebusite, as a denizen of Jerusalem; no longer an enemy, or a stranger and foreigner, but a fellow-citizen with the saints, and of the household of God. Two things in this promise.
1. It is a great thing to be a Jebusite. One of the highest of all privileges to come to Mount Zion, the city of the living God. What a governor have these citizens! What a charter have they! What can equal their safety, liberty, and defence?their commerce, wealth, happiness, and peace? Their joy is unspeakable, and full of glory.
2. Jebusites may be derived from Ekronites. The thing has been done; and most unlikely characters have furnished pious convertsManasseh, the dying thief, and the murderers of Jesus, prove this. What surpassed the guilt and depravity of the Corinthians? What says Paul of his own conversion? What triumphs of the riches, freeness, and power of Divine grace! Let none despair, however desperate his own casenor despond with regard to any of our fellow-creatures. God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham [Jay].
Zec. 9:8. The house of Jehovah. The workmanship, the residence, and the property of God. The camp of God, the deliverance of the good. Seen with mine eyes. With God, compassion is so intrinsic an attribute, that he is pictured as looking away when he does not put it forth. With God, to behold is to help [Pusey]. Hence God sees with approval and tender considerationwith a design to help his people, and punish their foes. He is an observant Godeyes and ears are set upon menin every place beholding the evil and the good.
ILLUSTRATIONS TO CHAPTER 9
Zec. 9:7. The happy effect of this humiliation of the great worldly powers of Persia, Syria, and Philistia, was thisthat they lost their confidence in their own false deities, and were prepared to receive a purer faith. The prophet foretells this, and predicts also, that there will be a faithful remnant among those nations, which will turn to the true God; and many among the heathens will become governors in Judah; many who were once Gentiles will become preachers and missionaries in Christs Church. Even Ekron itself will become a Jebusite, a dweller in Jerusalem, the Church of God [Wordsworth].
Zec. 9:8. Encamp. On every side the watch is kept by warriors of sleep less eyes, and the Captain of the Host is one whose prowess none can resist. We little know how many providential deliverances we owe to those unseen hands which are charged to bear us up, lest we dash our foot against a stone [Spurgeon].
Zec. 9:9-10. Thy king. Christ as a mere man was greatgreat in intellect, heart, purpose, action; as a Mediator, supremely great. But how does this great Being, Prince of the powers of the earth, enter Jerusalem? In a triumphal chariot?on a stately, prancing steed, accompanied by a magnificent cavalcade? No! On an ass. The more truly kingly a man is, the less he cares for conventional pageantry. Your great men have never cared for jewellery. The more ornaments are coveted, and dress is studied, the more mean and impoverished the soul. Heart of oak requires neither veneer nor varnish. A great age has never been an age of millinery and gold rings. The kingly soul does not care for the rose or the crown [Dr. Thomas].
Fuente: The Preacher’s Complete Homiletical Commentary Edited by Joseph S. Exell
(5) See it, and fear.Well might Philistia fear and tremble on hearing of the destruction of Tyre. Ashkelon and Ekron, it is true, are not mentioned in connection with this march of Alexander, but they must necessarily have been occupied by his troops. But Gaza was certainly taken, after a siege of five months; and special mention is made by Hegesias (a contemporary of Alexander) of the king of Gaza being brought alive to Alexander after the capture of that city.
Not be inhabited.Or, not remain.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
5. Ashkelon Gaza Ekron Ashdod Four of the five chief cities of Philistia. Here as in Amo 1:6-8; Zep 2:4; Jer 25:20, Gath is omitted (see further on Amo 1:6-8). The order in which the cities are mentioned here is the same as in Jer 25:20, which passage may be in the mind of the prophet.
Shall see fear Only with Ashkelon are both these verbs found; shall see it must be supplied with Gaza, and shall see it and fear with Ekron. The cities will see the destruction of the northern cities and they will be afraid that a similar fate will befall them.
Very sorrowful R.V., “sore pained”; or, tremble greatly in terror.
For her expectation shall be ashamed R.V., “shall be put to shame.”
These words explain the terror. What is asserted of Ekron was equally true of the other Philistian cities. They expected the strong cities in the north to hold out; as long as they did so the Philistines had nothing to fear, but their fall will bring to naught all hopes and expectations. Their fear is well founded, for the enemy will soon be upon them.
The king shall perish from Gaza Gaza will lose her independence.
Ashkelon shall not be inhabited The population will be destroyed or carried into exile.
Fuente: Whedon’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments
Zec 9:5. Ashkelon shall see it, &c. “The cities of the Philistines, Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron, shall be very much terrified at the news of Tyre being destroyed; whence they hoped for succour against the enemy. Gaza was taken by Alexander after a siege of two months, ten thousand of the inhabitants were slain, and the governor Betis dragged round the city till he expired.” See Joseph. Antiq. lib. 11: cap. ult. and Qintus Curtius, lib. 4: Instead of king, we may read governor or viceroy.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Zec 9:5 Ashkelon shall see [it], and fear; Gaza also [shall see it], and be very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited.
Ver. 5. Ashkelon shall see it and fear ] For, iam proximus ardet Ucalegon, her next neighbour’s house was now on fire; and she might well fear she should be dashed at least with the tail of that overflowing storm that had swept away Tyre. The sword was now in commission; it was riding circuit, Eze 14:17 , and God had given it a special charge against Ashkelon, and against the sea shore; there he had appointed it, Jer 47:6-7 . Now Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron were situated all along the sea coast, southward of Tyre and Sidon. All these were bitter enemies to the Church; and were therefore destroyed by Alexander the Great, that man of God’s hand.
Gaza also shall see it, and be very sorrowful
And Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed
And the king shall perish from Gaza
And Ashkelon shall not be inhabited
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
Ashkelon. Now ‘Askalan.
see. fear. Note the Figure of speech Paronomasia (App-6). Hebrew. tera. vetira. May be Englished by “shall gaze. and be amazed (or be dazed)”: or “shall peer and fear”.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Ashkelon: Isa 14:29-31, Jer 47:1, Jer 47:4-7, Eze 25:15-17, Zep 2:4-7, Act 8:26
and be: Jer 51:8, Jer 51:9, Eze 26:15-21, Rev 18:9-17
for: Isa 20:5, Isa 20:6, Rom 5:5, Phi 1:20
Reciprocal: Deu 2:23 – Azzah Jos 10:41 – Gaza Jos 15:45 – Ekron 1Sa 6:17 – Askelon Neh 4:7 – Ashdodites Isa 11:14 – the Philistines Isa 14:30 – and I Jer 25:20 – Philistines Jer 47:5 – Gaza Amo 1:6 – Gaza Amo 1:7 – a fire Oba 1:19 – the plain
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Zec 9:5. Ail of the towns named in this verse were in the land of the Philistines. They were destined to witness the defeat of heathen nations and the success of Israel,
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
The Philistine cities farther south along the Mediterranean coast would observe Tyre’s fate and fear, especially Ekron, the northernmost of the four cities mentioned. The fifth city of the Philistine pentapolis, Gath, had lost all significance by Zechariah’s time, which probably explains its omission here (cf. 2Ch 26:6). God would also destroy these cities and populate them with a mixed group of citizens. Thus He would humble the pride of the Philistines. This too happened when Alexander swept south. [Note: McComiskey, p. 1162.]