Exegetical and Hermeneutical Commentary of Haggai 1:9
Ye looked for much, and, lo, [it came] to little; and when ye brought [it] home, I did blow upon it. Why? saith the LORD of hosts. Because of mine house that [is] waste, and ye run every man unto his own house.
9. Ye looked for much, &c.] Lit. to look (there was looking) for much, and (it came) to little! Emphatic as ver. 6, where see note. A double blight and curse had come upon them. They had looked for much, had expected a plentiful harvest, and perhaps the appearance of the crops had warranted the expectation. But when they came to gather it in they found the actual yield but little, less even perhaps than they had originally sown. Pusey quotes the seed of a homer shall yield an ephah, i.e. one tenth of what was sown, Isa 5:10. And when this little was brought home into the garner, even that melted away by mildew or waste or loss. God did but blow upon it with the breath of His displeasure, and lo it was gone, as though instead of solid grain it had been chaff of the summer threshingfloor.
and ye run, &c.] while ye run, R. V., with eager zeal and interest to build and adorn it. See ver. 4. The word run is used in the same figurative way in Psa 119:32; Pro 1:16.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
9 11. Having pointed out in ver. 8 the way of amendment and prosperity, the prophet resumes in these verses the expostulation of vv. 4 6, and again insists upon the depressed condition of the people and its cause.
Fuente: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Ye looked – , literally a looking; as though he said, it has all been one looking, for much, for increase, the result of all sowing, in the way of nature: and behold it came to little, i. e., less than was sown; as Isaiah denounced to them of old by Gods word, Isa 5:10. the seed of a homer shall yield an ephah, i. e., one tenth of what was sown. And ye brought it home, and I blew upon it, so as to disperse it, as, not the wheat, but the chaff is blown before the wind. This, in whatever way it came to pass, was a further chastisement of God. The little seed which they brought in lessened through decay or waste. Why? saith the Lord of hosts. God asks by his prophet, what He asks in the awakened conscience Psa 39:11. God with rebukes chastens man for sin. Conscience, when alive, confesses for what sin; or it asks itself, if memory does not supply the special sin. Unawakened, it complains about the excess of rain, the drought, the blight, the mildew, and asks, not itself, why, in Gods Providence, these inflictions came in these years? They felt doubtless the sterility in contrast with the exceeding prolificalness of Babylonia, as they contrasted the light bread, Num 21:5. the manna, with Num 11:5. the plenteousness of Egypt. They ascribed probably their meagre crops (as we mostly do) to mere natural causes, perhaps to the long neglect of the land during the captivity. God forces the question upon their consciences, in that Haggai asks it in His Name, in whose hands all powers stand, saith the Lord of host. They have not to talk it over among themselves, but to answer Almighty God, why? That why? strikes into the inmost depths of conscience!
Because of My house which is waste, and ye run – literally, are running, all the while, each to his own house They were absorbed in their material interests, and had no time for those of God. When the question was of Gods house, they stir not from the spot; when it is of their own concerns, they run. Our Lord says, Mat 6:33. Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you. Man reverses this, seeks his own things first, and God withholds His blessing.
This comes true of those who prefer their own conveniences to Gods honor, who do not thoroughly uproot self-love, whose penitence and devotion are shewn to be unstable, for on a slight temptation they are overcome. Such are they who are bold, self-pleasing, wise and great in their own eyes, who do not ground their conversation on true and solid humility.
(Cyr.) To those who are slow to fulfill what is for the glory of God, and the things whereby His house, the Church, is firmly stayed, neither the heavenly dew cometh, which enricheth hearts and minds, nor the fruitfulness of the earth; i. e., right action; not food nor wine nor use of oil. But they will be ever strengthless and joyless, unenriched by spiritual oil, and remain without taste or participation of the blessing through Christ.
Fuente: Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
Verse 9. Ye looked for much] Ye made great pretensions at first; but they are come to nothing. Ye did a little in the beginning; but so scantily and unwillingly that I could not but reject it.
Ye run every man unto his own house.] To rebuild and adorn it; and God’s house is neglected!
Fuente: Adam Clarke’s Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Ye, O Jews, you toiled, and were at great cost, as Hag 1:6.
Looked for much; expected, hoped, promised yourselves a great increase, a plentiful harvest.
And, lo, it came to little; but you saw, discerned, and were sensible that it answered not expectation; all dwindled into a very little, you were losers by all, went backward still.
I did blow upon it: had your little been as the righteous mans little, you might have lived on it, and rejoiced in it; but it had not such a blessing upon it; it was blasted, and so was weak, and empty, and heartless, it profited little.
Because of mine house that is waste; all this curse on your estate and labour was for your ungodly neglect of my house, leaving it waste.
Ye run; did with eagerness carry on your own particular buildings, spared not care or cost for them; you stir not a foot about my house, you run with greatest earnestness about your own.
Every man to his own house, domestic affairs and concerns, in which not one or two, or some few, but every one is culpable, scarce any free from this fault.
Fuente: English Annotations on the Holy Bible by Matthew Poole
9. Ye looked for muchliterally,”looked” so as to turn your eyes “to much.” TheHebrew infinitive here expresses continued looking. Yehoped to have your store made “much” by neglecting thetemple. The greater was your greediness, the more bitter yourdisappointment in being poorer than ever.
when ye brought it home, Idid blow upon iteven the little crop brought into your barns Idissipated. “I did blow upon,” that is, I scatteredand caused to perish with My mere breath, as scattered and blightedcorn.
mine house . . . his ownhousein emphatic antithesis.
ye runexpressing thekeenness of everyone of them in pursuing their own selfish interests.Compare “run,” Psa 119:32;Pro 1:16, contrasted with theirapathy about God’s house.
Fuente: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown’s Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Ye looked for much, and, lo, [it came] to little,…. They looked for a large harvest, and very promising it was for a while; but in the end it came to little; it was a very small crop, very little was reaped and gathered in: or, “in looking”, ye looked “to increase” x; your substance; had raised expectations of making themselves and families by their agriculture, and by their plantations of vines and olives, and by their trade and merchandise; and it dwindled away, and came to little or nothing; their riches, instead of being increased, were diminished:
and when ye brought [it] home, I did blow upon it; when they brought into their barns or houses the produce of their land, labour, and merchandise, which was but little, the Lord blew a blast upon that little, and brought rottenness and worms into it, as Jarchi; so that it was not a blessing to them, but a curse. So the Targum interprets it,
“behold, I sent a curse upon it:”
or, “I blew it away” y; as any light thing, straw or stubble, or thistle down, are blown away with a wind; so easily can the Lord, and sometimes he does, strip men of that little substance they have; riches by his orders make themselves wings, and flee away; or he, by one providence or another, blows them away like chaff before the wind:
Why? saith the Lord of hosts; what was the cause and reason of this? which question is put, not on his own account, who full well knew it; but for their sakes, to whom he speaks, that they might be made sensible of it; and in order to that to introduce what follows, which is an answer to the question:
because of mine house that [is] waste; which they suffered to lie waste, and did not concern themselves about the rebuilding of it: this the Lord resented, and for this reason blasted all their labours:
and ye run every man unto his own house; were very eager, earnest, and diligent, in building, beautifying, and adorning their own houses; taking care of their own domestic affairs; sparing no cost nor pains to promote their own secular interest; running in all haste to do any thing and everything to increase their worldly substance; but sat still, were idle and slothful, careless and negligent, about the house of God and the affairs of it.
x “ad rem augendam”, Grotius. y “exsufflo illud”, Vatablus; “efflo illud”, Junius Tremellius “difflo”, Piscator; “difflavi”, Drusius, Cocceius.
Fuente: John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
“Ye looked out for much, and behold (it came) to little; and ye brought it home, and I blew into it. Why? is the saying of Jehovah of hosts. Because of my house, that it lies waste, whereas ye run every man for his house. Hag 1:10. Therefore the heaven has withheld its dew on your account, that no dew fell, and the earth has withheld her produce. Hag 1:11. And I called drought upon the earth, and upon the mountains, and upon the corn, and upon the new wine, and upon the oil, and upon everything that the ground produces, and upon men, and upon cattle, and upon all the labour of the hands.” The meaning of Hag 1:9 is evident from the context. The inf. abs. panoh stands in an address full of emotion in the place of the perfect, and, as the following clause shows, for the second person plural. Ye have turned yourselves, fixed your eye upon much, i.e., upon a rich harvest, , and behold the desired much turned to little. Ye brought into the house, ye fetched home what was reaped, and I blew into it, i.e., I caused it to fly away, like chaff before the wind, so that there was soon none of it left. Here is a double curse, therefore, as in Hag 1:6: instead of much, but little was reaped, and the little that was brought home melted away without doing any good. To this exposition of the curse the prophet appends the question , why, sc. has this taken place? that he may impress the cause with the greater emphasis upon their hardened minds. For the same reason he inserts once more, between the question and the answer, the words “is the saying of Jehovah of hosts,” that the answer may not be mistaken for a subjective view, but laid to heart as a declaration of the God who rules the world. The choice of the form for was probably occasioned by the guttural in the , which is closely connected with it, just as the analogous use of instead of in Isa 1:5; Psa 10:13, and Jer 16:10, where it is not followed by a word commencing with as in Deu 29:23; 1Ki 9:8; Jer 22:8. The former have not been taken into account at all by Ewald in his elaborate Lehrbuch (cf. 182, b). In the answer given by God, “because of my house” ( yaan beth ) is placed first for the sake of emphasis, and the more precise explanation follows. , “because it,” not “that which.” is a circumstantial clause. … , not “every one runs to his house,” but “runs for his house,” denoting the object of the running, as in Isa 59:7 and Pro 1:16. “When the house of Jehovah was in question, they did not move from the spot; but if it concerned their own house, they ran” (Koehler). In Hag 1:10 and Hag 1:11, the curse with which God punished the neglect of His house is still further depicted, with an evident play upon the punishment with which transgressors are threatened in the law (Lev 26:19-20; Deu 11:17 and Deu 28:23-24). is not a dat. incomm. (Hitzig), which is never expressed by ; but is used either in a causal sense, “on your account” (Chald.), or in a local sense, “over you,” after the analogy of Deu 28:23, , in the sense of “the heaven over you will withold” (Ros., Koehl.). It is impossible to decide with certainty between these two. The objection to the first, that “on your account” would be superfluous after , has no more force than that raised by Hitzig against the second, viz., that super would be . There is no tautology in the first explanation, but the , written emphatically at the commencement, gives greater intensity to the threat: “on account of you,” you who only care for your own houses, the heaven witholds the dew. And with the other explanation, would only be required in case were regarded as the object, upon which the dew ought to fall down from above. , not “to shut itself up,” but in a transitive sense, with the derivative meaning to withhold or keep back; and mittal , not partitively “of the dew,” equivalent to “a portion of it,” but min in a privative sense, “away from,” i.e., so that no dew falls; for it is inadmissible to take mittal as the object, “to hold back along with the dew,” after the analogy of Num 24:11 (Hitzig), inasmuch as the accusative of the person is wanting, and in the parallel clause is construed with the accus. rei. in Hag 1:11 is still dependent upon . The word chorebh , in the sense of drought, applies strictly speaking only to the land and the fruits of the ground, but it is also transferred to men and beasts, inasmuch as drought, when it comes upon all vegetation, affects men and beasts as well; and in this clause it may be taken in the general sense of devastation. The word is carefully chosen, to express the idea of the lex talionis. Because the Jews left the house of God charebh , they were punished with chorebh . The last words are comprehensive: “all the labour of the hands” had reference to the cultivation of the soil and the preparation of the necessities of life.
Fuente: Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Here the Prophet relates again, that the Jews were deprived of support, and that they in a manner pined away in their distress, because they robbed God of the worship due to him. He first repeats the fact, Ye have looked for much, but behold little (138) It may happen that one is contented with a very slender portion, because much is not expected. They who are satisfied with their own penury are not anxious though their portion of food is but scanty, though they are constrained to feed on acorns. Those who are become hardened in enduring evils, do not seek much; but they who desire much, are more touched and vexed by their penury. This is the reason why the Prophet says, Ye have looked for much, and, behold, there was but little; that is, “Ye are not like the peasants, who satisfy themselves with any sort of food, and are not troubled on account of their straitened circumstances; but your desire has led you to seek abundance. Hence ye seek and greedily lay hold on things on every side; but, behold, it comes to little.”
In the second place he adds, Ye have brought it home. He farther mentions another kind of evil—that when they gathered wine, and corn, and money, all these things immediately vanished. Ye have brought it home, and I have blown upon it. By saying that they brought it home, he intimates that what they had acquired was laid up, that it might be preserved safely; for they who had filled their storehouses, and wine-cellars, and bags, thought that they had no more to do with God. Hence it was that profane men securely indulged themselves; they thought that they were beyond the reach of danger, when their houses were well filled. God, on the contrary, shows that their houses became empty, when filled with treasures and provisions. But he speaks still more distinctly—that he had blown upon them, that is, that he had dissipated them by his breath: for the Prophet did not deem it enough historically to narrate what the Jews had experienced; but his purpose also was to point out the cause, as it were, by the finger. He therefore teaches us, that what they laid in store in their houses did not without a cause vanish away; but that this happened through the blowing of God, even because he cursed their blessing, according to what we shall hereafter see in the Prophet Malachi.
He then adds, Why is this? saith Jehovah of hosts. God here asks, not because he had any doubts on the subject, but that he might by this sort of goading rouse the Jews from their lethargy,—“Think of the cause, and know that my hand is not guided by a blind impulse when it strikes you. You ought, then, to consider the reason why all things thus decay and perish.” Here again is sharply reproved the stupidity of the people, because they attended not to the cause of their evils; for they ought to have known this of themselves.
But God gives the answer, because he saw that they remained stupefied— On account of my house, he says, because it is waste (139) God here assigns the cause; he shows that though no one of them considered why they were so famished, the judgement of his curse was yet sufficiently manifest, on account of the Temple remaining a waste. And you, he says, run, every one to his own house. Some read, You take delight, every one in his own house; for it is the verb רצה, retse, which we have lately noticed; and it means either to take pleasure in a thing, or to run. Every one, then, runs to his house, or, Every one delights in his house. But it is more suitable to the context to give this rendering, Every one runs to his house. For the Prophet here reminds the Jews that they were slow and slothful in the work of building the Temple, because they hastened to their private houses. He then reproves here their ardor in being intent on building their own houses, so that they had no leisure to build the Temple. This is the hastening which the Prophet blames and condemns in the Jews.
We may hence learn again, that they had long delayed to build the sanctuary after the time had arrived: for, as we have mentioned yesterday, they who think the Jews returned in the fifty-eighth year, and that they had not then undergone the punishment denounced by Jeremiah, are very deluded; for they thus obscure the favor of God; nay, they wholly subvert the truth of the promises, as though they had returned contrary to God’s will, through the permission of Cyrus, when yet Isaiah says, that Cyrus would be the instrument of their promised redemption. (Isa 45:1.) Surely, then, Cyrus must have been dead before the time was fulfilled! and in that case God could not have been the redeemer of his people. Therefore Eusebius, and those who agree with him, did thus most absurdly confound the order of time. It now follows—
(138) The first word in this verse, [ פנה ], is evidently a participle noun; similar instances we find in verse 6. The verse, literally rendered, is as follows—
Looking for much, and behold little! And you brought it home, and I blew upon it; On what account this, saith Jehovah of hosts? On account of my house, because it is waste, And ye are running, each to his own house.
The first line is put in an absolute form, as is sometimes the case in Hebrew; “There has been,” or some such words being understood. Both the Targum and the Septuagint read [ היה ] instead of [ הנה ], which would be more suitable to the word which follows, which has [ ל ] before it. The line would then be—
There has been looking for much, but it came to little.
The “blowing” seems to be a metaphor taken from scorching wind, blowing on vegetation, and causing it to wither. The last line may be thus rendered—
And ye are delighted, each with his own house.
—
Ed.
(139) This is the literal rendering—“On account of my house, because it is waste.” [ אשר ] is not “which” here, for it is followed by [ הוא ], “it;” but a conjunction, “because.” The word quod , in Latin, admits of two similar meanings.— Ed.
Fuente: Calvin’s Complete Commentary
(9) Ye looked for much.Literally, There has been a turning about for much.
I did blow upon itscil., for the purpose of dispersing it. Even the little that was brought into the garner was decimated by Gods continued disfavour.
Fuente: Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers (Old and New Testaments)
Hag 1:9. I did blow upon it I blasted it.
Fuente: Commentary on the Holy Bible by Thomas Coke
Hag 1:9 Ye looked for much, and, lo, [it came] to little; and when ye brought [it] home, I did blow upon it. Why? saith the LORD of hosts. Because of mine house that [is] waste, and ye run every man unto his own house.
Ver. 9. Ye looked for much, and, lo, it came to little ] Spes in oculis, luctus in manibus, as Jerome here. The hope of unjust men perisheth, Pro 11:7 , etiam spes valentissima, his likeliest hope, as some render it; he thinks himself sure, as Esau did of the blessing, but he only thinks so; God cuts off the meat from his mouth, Joe 1:16 , takes away his corn in the time thereof, Hos 2:9 , confutes him in his confidences, which prove like the brooks of Tema, Job 6:17 , and serve him as Absalom’s mule did her master; his high hopes hop headless, as one phraseth it. It happens with him as with those perverse Israelites in the wilderness, made to tack about forty-two times after that they thought themselves sure of the promised land.
I did blow upon it
Why? saith the Lord of hosts. Because of mine house that is waste, &c.
And ye run every man unto his own house
Fuente: John Trapp’s Complete Commentary (Old and New Testaments)
saith the LORD of hosts = [is] the oracle of Jehovah Sabaioth.
Fuente: Companion Bible Notes, Appendices and Graphics
Ye looked: They had used all proper means in the cultivation of their lands, and had “sown much;” but when they rationally entertained the most sanguine expectations of a large increase, they were strangely disappointed; and even what they had brought home was unaccountably wasted, as if the Lord had “blown upon it,” and driven it away! And the reason was, because they neglected the temple, and left it in ruins, whilst they eagerly employed themselves in building and decorating their own houses; therefore they were visited by drought and famine, and by various diseases on man and beast. Hag 1:6, Hag 2:16, Hag 2:17, Isa 17:10, Isa 17:11, Mal 3:8-11
blow upon it: or, blow it away, 2Sa 22:16, 2Ki 19:7, Isa 40:7, Mal 2:2
Why: Job 10:2, Psa 77:5-10
Because: Hag 1:4, Jos 7:10-15, 2Sa 21:1, Mat 10:37, Mat 10:38, 1Co 11:30-32, Rev 2:4, Rev 3:19
Reciprocal: Lev 19:25 – General Lev 26:20 – for your land Deu 11:17 – shut up Deu 16:16 – and they shall Deu 28:16 – in the field 1Ch 17:1 – I dwell Ezr 9:9 – to set up Psa 132:15 – bless her provision Pro 11:24 – but Ecc 5:6 – destroy Ecc 5:14 – those Isa 5:10 – one Isa 40:24 – he shall also Eze 21:31 – I will blow Dan 1:15 – their Hos 9:2 – floor
Fuente: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Hag 1:9. The prophet backs up the exhortation of the preceding verse by resuming the thought expressed in verse 6. The key to the subject is in the words because of mine house that is waste. They could not make the plea of inability for work, for they were at that very time running every man unto his own house.
Fuente: Combined Bible Commentary
1:9 Ye looked for much, and, lo, [it came] to little; and when ye brought [it] home, I did blow {i} upon it. Why? saith the LORD of hosts. Because of mine house that [is] waste, and ye run every man unto his own house.
(i) And so bring it to nothing.
Fuente: Geneva Bible Notes
The Israelites had looked for much blessing from the Lord, but they had found very little. When they brought their grain home, the Lord blew it away. Apparently their grain was so light and small that much of it blew away with the chaff when they threshed it. The reason was clear. They had neglected the temple and had given all their time and energy to providing for themselves by building their own houses.
There are six occurrences of the phrase "declares the LORD of hosts" in Haggai (Hag 1:9; Hag 2:4; Hag 2:8-9; Hag 2:23 [twice]) and six occurrences of the shorter phrase "declares the LORD" (Hag 1:13; Hag 2:4 [twice], 14, 17, 23). This is unusual for a book as short as Haggai. Obviously the writer wanted to emphasize the divine origin of his message to the people. [Note: Ibid., pp. 44-45, wrote an extended note on the name "the Lord of Hosts."]